慢性特发性便秘患者肛门直肠动力学及精神心理因素的研究

目的：研究慢性性发性便秘（CIC）患者的肛门直肠动力学及其力学及其心理的变化。方法肛门直肠测压法检测28例CIC患者肛门直肠动力学的变化,同时进行心理测试,并与24名健康者进行对照观察。结果：CIC患者年龄偏大（P＜0．05）;肛门括约肌静息压,最大缩榨压降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．005）,肛管高压带长度增加（P＜0．005）;引起直肠肛门抑制反射的最小松驰容量（MVR）增加（P＜0．005）,肛门括约肌松驰率下降（P＜0．025）;直肠内部容量刺激的排便阈值和最大耐受量均明显增加（P＜0．005,P＜0．005）;CIC患者焦虑、抑郁精神心理异常倾向的出现率明显高于对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。结论：CIC患者存在肛门直肠动力学及精神心理因素的异常。     

便秘型肠易激综合征患者结、直肠肛门动力学的临床研究

目的研究便秘型肠易激综合征患者结肠、直肠动力,直肠感觉功能.方法用结肠传输试验检测结肠传输时间,并用结肠传输指数分型,用肛门直肠测压方法测定便秘型IBS直肠静息压,肛管静息压,肛门括约肌最大缩榨压,模拟排便时,直肠收缩压,肛门括约肌剩余压,直肠对容量扩张刺激的初始感觉阈值,最大耐受容量,直肠顺应性.结果便秘型IBS患者全结肠及各节段结肠传输时间均高于对照组,便秘型IBS患者肛管静息压,直肠静息压与对照组无差异(P＞0.05),肛门括约肌最大缩榨压低于正常对照组,最大耐受容量及直肠顺应性均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且发现不同传输类型的便秘型IBS肛门直肠测压表现不同.结论便秘型IBS患者存在结肠、肛门直肠动力及直肠感觉功能异常,结肠传输试验与肛门直肠测压相结合,可体现不同传输类型便秘型IBS肛门直肠动力学病因机制.     

慢性特发性便秘患者肛门直肠测压表现及西沙必利的疗效研究

目的研究慢性特发性便秘（CIC）患者肛门直肠动力及直肠对容量刺激感觉的变化，同时观察西沙必利对CIC的疗效及对上述指标的影响。方法用肛门直肠测压法检测30例CIC患者，服用西沙必利前后的直肠动力及直肠对容量刺激感觉的变化。20名健康者作对照。结果肛门直肠括约肌最大收缩压降低（P＜0．05），引起直肠肛门抑制性反射的最小松弛容量（MRV）增大（P＜0．05），直肠内部容量刺激的排便阈值及疼痛阈值均明显增加（P＜0．01）；西沙必利10mg每日3次治疗4周可显著改善CIC患者上述异常改变（P＜0．01），增加CIC患者排便次数（P＜0．01），治疗总有效率为46，67％。结论CIC患者存在肛门直肠动力及内脏感觉异常，西沙必利可改善上述异常表现，对约半数CIC患者具有良好疗效。     

肛门直肠运动协调性障碍与慢性特发性便秘的关系

目的测定慢性特发性便秘患者肛门直肠压力,探讨肛门直肠协调性运动障碍在便秘发病机制中的作用及生物反馈训练的疗效.方法采用美国Sandhill公司生产的BioLAB动力学参数监测系统及固态压力传感器导管,对40例CIC患者进行肛门直肠压力测定,并与40例正常人进行对比,观察CIC患者肛门直肠动力学改变的特点及生物反馈训练的作用.结果便秘组肛管静息压、最大缩榨压、最大缩榨间期及缩榨指数均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);模拟排便动作时肛管剩余压高于对照组(P<0.001),肛管松弛率、排便指数均低于对照组,具有显著性意义.有73%(29/40)的患者直肠收缩无力,42%(17/40)的患者直肠收缩压低于肛管剩余压,28%(11/40)的患者出现反常的肛管括约肌收缩;生物反馈治疗可以调整便秘患者肛门直肠的协调性运动.结论慢性特发性便秘患者存在肛门直肠的动力学异常,直肠收缩无力、肛管松弛不良和肛门括约肌的反常收缩导致排便功能的障碍,生物反馈训练可以调整这些异常的动力改变.     

高龄慢性特发性便秘患者肛门直肠动力学指标变化

选择近期住院的高龄慢性特发性便秘(CIC)患者37例作为实验组,33例同期高龄健康体检者为对照组,均接受肛门直肠动力学检查.发现实验组肛管最大缩窄压明显低于对照组,松弛压及直肠初始感觉阈、排便阈值和疼痛阈值明显高于对照组,两组直肠静息压、肛门括约肌的静息压和肛管高压区长度差异不明显.提示高龄CIC患者存在明显的肛门直肠敏感性和排便动力学指标异常.     

功能性便秘患者直肠肛门压力变化

目的研究功能性便秘患者直肠肛门运动功能,探讨该疾病发生的可能机制。方法测定了35例慢性功能性便秘患者和11例正常对照者的直肠肛门压力及排便功能。结果①直肠静息压、肛门括约肌静息压及其最大缩窄压等在功能性便秘患者和正常人之间无显著差异(P>0.05);②肛管高压带长度在功能性便秘患者显著高于正常人(P<0.0005);③功能性便秘患者直肠壶腹部的感觉阈值和最大耐受量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),直肠最大顺应性显著低于正常对照组(P<0.0005),引起直肠肛门抑制反射的直肠扩张容量在便秘组显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),肛门松弛率在便秘组显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05);④功能性便秘患者排便时肛门内外括约肌松弛反射均障碍,尤以外括约肌明显。结论功能性便秘患者存在直肠肛门运动功能障碍,这在其发病机制中起重要作用。     

功能性便秘患者肛门直肠动力学的临床研究

目的观察功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)患者的肛门直肠动力学改变.方法采用灌注式测压装置测定20例FC患者和15例健康人的肛门直肠压力、直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量、最大耐受量及直肠顺应性.结果 FC患者的直肠、肛门内外括约肌静息压力、内括约肌主动收缩压、模拟排便时直肠收缩压、内外括约肌净减压与对照组比较无显著性差异.FC组肛门-直肠屏障压高于对照组.FC组直肠对容量刺激的最大耐受量及顺应性均高于对照组.结论功能性便秘患者存在肛门直肠动力学异常,这种异常可能是导致便秘的原因.     

出口梗阻型便秘肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能的特点

[目的]研究出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)患者肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能特点。[方法]选取57例出口梗阻型便秘患者(OOC组),另选取27例健康志愿者(对照组)进行高分辨率肛门直肠测压检测,对比2组肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能。[结果](1)OOC组最大肛管静息压(MARP)、肛门括约肌功能长度、缩榨持续时间及直肠排便压与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。OOC组最大肛门括约肌收缩压(MASP)、模拟排便时肛管残余压均高于对照组,而模拟排便时肛管松弛率低于正常组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);(2)与健康志愿者比较,OOC组最小松弛容积及直肠最大耐受量均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。OOC组直肠初始感觉阈值及初始便意阈值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)女性OOC患者MARP、模拟排便时肛管残余压及肛管松弛率、最小松弛容积、初始感觉阈值、初始便意阈值、最大耐受量均高于男性OOC患者,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。女性OOC患者肛门括约肌功能长度、缩榨持续时间、直肠排便压较男性OOC患者降低不明显(P0.05),而女性OOC患者MASP较男性患者降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论](1)OOC患者肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩及协调功能障碍、直肠敏感性下降及对容量刺激的反应较迟钝可能是造成出口梗阻型便秘的重要原因;(2)女性OOC患者肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩功能较男性弱。     

老年特发性便秘患者结肠、直肠和肛门动力学变化

目的　探讨老年慢性特发性便秘 (CIC)患者结肠、直肠和肛门运动功能变化。方法　应用不透 X线标记物法 ,采用 8通道水灌注式消化道压力检测系统 ,对 5 9例老年慢性特发性便秘 (CIC)患者及 36例对照者进行结肠通过时间检查及直肠肛门压力测定。结果　 1老年 CIC组全结肠及分段结肠通过时间较对照组明显延长(P<0 .0 5 ) ;2长期服用泻药的老年 CIC患者其全结肠通过时间较间断服药和不服药组明显延长 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3老年 CIC患者最大缩榨压、模拟排便时肛管压力变化低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,直肠初始感觉阈值、排便阈值和最大耐受容量均高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并有 2 8例 (4 7.5 % )老年 CIC患者模拟排便时出现肛管压力异常升高。结论　老年 CIC患者存在结肠动力学异常 ,与直肠低敏感、高耐受及排便时直肠肛管运动不协调有关     

肠易激综合征患者肛门直肠感觉阈值和动力学的改变

采用PC Polygraf HR高分辨多道胃肠功能测定仪,检测42例肠易激综合征(IBS)患者的肛门直肠压力、直肠容量感知、疼痛阈值、耐受阈值等指标,并与15例健康人做对照.结果发现IBS的直肠静息压、肛管括约肌静息压、最大缩窄压及肛管长度与对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而初始感觉阈值、疼痛阈值、排便阈值腹泻组低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),便秘组高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).排便时IBS便秘组患者的肛管松弛压高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).提示IBS患者排便功能和直肠感觉功能存在异常.     

Anorectal manometric abnormalities and effect of cisapride in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation

OBJECTIVES : To investigate abnormalities in anorectal motility, changes in rectal visceral perception of balloon distention and the effect of cisapride on patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). METHODS : Anorectal manometry was carried out in 30 CIC patients using the Synectics Visceral Stimulator combined with PcPolygraf before and after treatment with cisapride (10 mg three times daily for 4 weeks). Twenty age‐matched controls were also studied before cisapride therapy. RESULTS : Patients with CIC had lower anorectal sphincter squeeze pressures (P < 0.05), larger minimum relaxation volumes necessary to elicit the anorectal inhibitory reflux (P < 0.05), higher rectal defecation volume thresholds and higher rectal maximum tolerable volume thresholds (P < 0.01) compared with the controls. All of the abnormalities significantly improved and defecation frequency greatly increased after 4 weeks of cisapride therapy (P < 0.01). Cisapride was effective in 46.67% of patients with CIC. CONCLUSIONS : Patients with CIC have abnormalities of both anorectal motility and rectal visceral perception of balloon distention. Cisapride can improve these abnormalities and is effective in approximately one‐half of CIC cases.     

慢性便秘的分型和肛门直肠测压表现

目的：对慢性便秘按结肠传输时间（CTT）和传输指数（TI）进行分型，观察便秘及便秘各型肛门直肠动力学和敏感功能的变化。方法：采用一次口服20枚不透X线标记物于72h拍摄腹平片的方法，根据CTT和TI对慢性便秘进行传输分型；用肛门直肠测压的方法测定不同类型便秘的肛门直肠动力及感觉功能的变化。结果：慢性便秘的传输分型为四型：传输时间正常型（NTC）、慢传输型（STC）、出口梗阻型（OOC）和混合型（MC）。便秘组的肛管静息压和收缩压降低，最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）。NTC患者肛管静息压降低（P＜0．05）；STC患者静息压、收缩压降低，最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）；OOC患者最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）。结论：此种传输试验方法更简单；根据CTT和TI对便秘进行传输分型可体现便秘的动力学原因；不同类型的便秘存在不同的结肠、肛门直肠动力学改变和直肠感觉异常。     

Increased anal resting pressure and rectal sensitivity in crohn’s disease

Anal pathology occurs in 20 to 80 percent of patients with Crohn’s disease in which abscesses, fistulas, and fissures account for considerable morbidity. The etiology is not clearly defined, but altered anorectal pressures may play a role. This study was designed to investigate anorectal physiologic conditions in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty patients with Crohn’s disease located in the ileum (n = 9) or the colon (n = 11) without macroscopic proctitis or perianal disease were included. All were subjected to rectal examination, anorectal manometry, manovolumetry, and rectoscopy. Comparison was made with a reference group of 173 healthy controls of whom 128 underwent anorectal manometry, 29 manovolumetry, and 16 both examinations. RESULTS: Maximum resting pressure and resting pressure area were higher in patients than in controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.011, respectively), whereas maximum squeeze pressure and squeeze pressure area were similar. Rectal sensitivity was increased in patients expressed as lower values both for volume and pressure for urge (P = 0.013 and P = 0.014, respectively) as well as maximum tolerable pressure (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates how patients with Crohn’s disease without macroscopic proctitis have increased anal pressures in conjunction with increased rectal sensitivity. This may contribute to later development of anal pathology, because increased intra-anal pressures may compromise anal circulation, causing fissures, and also discharging of fecal matter into the perirectal tracts, which may have a role in infection and fistula development.     

Anorectal pressure gradient and rectal compliance in fecal incontinence

To study whether anorectal pressure gradients discriminated better than standard anal manometry between patients with fecal incontinence and subjects with normal anal function, anorectal pressure gradients were measured during rectal compliance measurements in 36 patients with fecal incontinence and in 22 control subjects. Anal and rectal pressures were measured simultaneously during the rectal compliance measurements. With standard anal manometry, 75% of patients with fecal incontinence had maximal resting pressure within the normal range, and 39% had maximum squeeze pressure within the normal range. Anorectal pressure gradients did not discriminate better between fecal incontinence and normal anal function, since, depending on the parameters used, 61%–100% of the incontinent patients had anorectal pressure gradients within the normal range. Patients with fecal incontinence had lower rectal volumes than controls at constant defecation urge (median 138 ml and 181 ml, P<0.05) and at maximal tolerable volume (median 185 ml and 217 ml, P<0.05). We conclude that measurements of anorectal pressure gradients offer no advantage over standard anal manometry when comparing patients with fecal incontinence to controls. Patients with fecal incontinence have a lower rectal volume tolerability than control subjects with normal anal function. Accepted: 5 June 1998     

溃疡性结肠炎患者肛门直肠动力学的研究

采用多导单囊肛门直肠功能测定仪检测21例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者的肛门直肠压力、直肠容量感知、疼痛阈值、耐受阈值等指标，并与12例健康人进行对照。结果：UC组活动期和 缓解期的直肠静息压、肛管括约肌静息压、最大缩窄压及肛管长度与对照组无显著性差异，但UC患者活动期的初始感觉阈值、疼痛阈值、排便阈值均低于正常对照组，而缓解期与正常对照组相比无统计学差异。认为UC患者肛门括约肌的功能是正常的，但活动期直肠粘膜对容量刺激的反应性增高。     

Anorectal manometry in patients with chronic constipation: a single-center experience

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Constipation is a common complaint, but its clinical presentation varies with each individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate anorectal physiology in a prospective group of patients with chronic constipation. METHODOLOGY: A total of 24 consecutive patients with constipation underwent solid-state anorectal manometry. Fifteen healthy controls were also studied. The anorectal parameters included resting and squeeze sphincter pressure, sensory thresholds in response to balloon distension, compliance of rectum, and rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR). RESULTS: The rectal sensitivity for urge and pain did not differ between the groups, but the threshold volume for first sensation was higher in patients with constipation (p < 0.05). There was no group difference in the volume threshold for RAIR. However, the prevalence of impaired RAIR was higher in constipated patients. Anal pressure was lower in patients for maximal squeeze (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the anal sphincter length and resting pressure in patients (r = 0.51, p = 0.03) and healthy controls (r = 0.72, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Constipated patients are characterized by impaired rectal sensitivity and decreased anal sphincter contractile pressure. Anorectal manometry is helpful for diagnosing anorectal dysfunction in patients with chronic constipation.