Hoffa骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨手术治疗Hoffa骨折的技巧及评价其疗效。方法 2005—2010年手术治疗12例Hoffa骨折患者,其中,男9例,女3例;年龄21～60岁,平均38.4岁。手术中取侧后方切口,骨折复位后,以松质骨螺钉由后向前固定。术后常规功能锻炼。结果随访时间1～3年,平均18.6个月,骨折临床愈合时间3～5个月。功能恢复参照Letenneur方法进行评估,12例患者中优良10例,可2例。结论 Hoffa骨折需积极处理,宜行切开复位内固定,疗效较好。     

Hoffa骨折的治疗

股骨单髁或双髁冠状面骨折称Hoffa骨折，在四肢骨折中发生率低，但其属关节内骨折，合理的治疗关系到膝关节功能的恢复，故应值得重视。1996年1月至2005年10月共治疗Hoffa骨折12例，现报告如下。     

Hoffa骨折的治疗

1904年,Hoffa首先描述了Hoffa骨折——股骨髁冠状面骨折。Hoffa骨折发病率较低,临床对其尚无全面的认识。Hoffa骨折位于膝关节内,创伤本身及手术操作过程均会对膝关节及相邻软组织造成不同程度的损伤,因此,骨折愈合质量不理想。我们结合国内外经验,对近年来我院治疗的Hoffa骨折     

8例Hoffa骨折手术治疗临床疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗Hoffa骨折的临床疗效。方法自2011-01—2015-10共诊治8例Hoffa骨折。对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折采用2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定;对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折,3例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加锁定钢板支撑固定,2例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定。结果本组8例均获得随访8~37个月,平均20.3月,术后切口均一期愈合,术后3个月骨折均骨性愈合,随访过程未见骨折移位、内固定物失效、骨折不愈合、骨折畸形愈合等并发症。末次随访疗效用Letenneur评估系统进行评定:优4例,良3例,差1例。结论 Hoffa骨折行手术治疗时,对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折行2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定,对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折、粉碎性Hoffa骨折或伴有严重骨质疏松症患者加用锁定钢板支撑固定或横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定,可达到固定牢固、能早期功能练习、术后并发症少、术后效果满意的疗效。     

12例急性膝关节后外侧结构损伤的手术治疗

目的:探讨急性膝关节后外侧结构(posterolateral structures,PLS)损伤的手术方法及疗效。方法:2006年5月至2008年10月收治急性PLS损伤患者12例(12膝),男9例,女3例;年龄23～47岁,平均31岁。其中合并后交叉韧带损伤9例,前后交叉韧带损伤3例,关节囊撕裂7例。首先在关节镜下探查,修复损伤半月板,前后交叉韧带损伤者与PLS同期重建,根据PLS损伤程度采用异体肌腱解剖重建腘肌腱单位(popliteus muscle tendon unit,PMTU)和(或)外侧副韧带(lateral collateral ligament,LCL),PLS重建完成后进行交叉韧带的重建固定,合并关节囊撕裂的采用局部加强缝合的手术方法治疗,术后根据IKDC及Lysholm功能评定标准评定膝关节功能恢复情况。结果:12例均获随访,时间12～24个月,平均(16.5±3.2)个月。根据IKDC综合评定标准,正常(A级)8膝,接近正常(B级)3膝,异常(C级)1膝。Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前的(39.6±3.1)分增加到术后的(85.1±2.2)分,患膝红、肿、疼痛均消失。结论:急性PLS损伤需手术解剖重建PMTU、LCL等结构,手术操作的要求精度较高,不仅需要精确地建立骨隧道,还要注意保护腓总神经和避免植入的异体肌腱切割,使重建的膝关节后外侧结构更加稳定。     

肝损伤59例手术治疗效果分析

目的探讨肝损伤手术治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析我院1991年1月-2007年10月手术治疗59例肝损伤的临床资料。其中，行经肝缝合修补术16例，肝缝合修补加肝动脉结扎3例，肝切开缝合修补术14例，清创性肝切除术21例，规则性肝切除术5例。结果本组死亡6例，死亡率为10．2％。其余病例均救治成功，无严重术后并发症发生。结论提高肝外伤疗效的关键是依据肝外伤的具体情况选择合理的手术方式。     

空收钉治疗Hoffa骨折

Hoffa骨折为股骨髁冠状面骨折，临床较为罕见容易漏诊，且对如何治疗此类骨折及治疗效果评价报道很少。本院于1999年3月-2005年6月收治Hoffa骨折患者6例，均采用空心钉内固定，效果良好，现报告如下。     

创伤性浮肩的手术治疗与重建

目的 :探讨浮肩损伤的外科治疗策略及临床效果。方法 :自2010年3月至2013年12月,采用切开复位钢板螺钉内固定治疗12例浮肩患者,其中男10例,女2例;年龄22~45岁,平均31.7岁。术前X线及二三维CT提示11例为同侧锁骨骨折并肩胛颈骨折,1例为肩胛颈骨折合并同侧肩锁关节脱位。观察其术后并发症,并采用Herscvici功能评价标准进行疗效评价。结果:12例患者均获得随访,时间8~26个月,平均15个月。患者均获得骨性愈合,术后无感染、钢板及螺钉松动和断裂发生。根据Herscvici等功能评价标准,肩关节功能恢复优9例,良2例,可1例。结论:外科治疗重建浮肩患者肩关节及周边的解剖结构和稳定性,可以缩短肩关节制动及固定时间,取得满意疗效。     

手术治疗Hoffa骨折的临床体会

[目的]探讨治疗Hoffa骨折的治疗方法并评价其疗效.[方法]对收治的11例Hoffa骨折给予切开复位松质骨螺钉或可吸收螺钉固定,粉碎性或有骨质压缩的结合钢板固定,并观察其疗效.[结果]随访时间14 ～ 52个月,平均28.4个月.手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无血管、神经损伤.术后X线片见骨折均解剖复位,定期复查X线片无再次移位.骨折均获愈合,骨折愈合时间8 ～12周.本组优6例,良2例,可3例.随访其间未见股骨髁坏死及创伤性关节炎征象.[结论]根据不同的骨折类型给予个性化治疗,是保证Hoffa骨折治疗效果的重要手段.     

结肠损伤的一期手术治疗

结肠损伤是腹部外伤中较常见的损伤之一,占腹部损伤的10%～22%.目前还没有理想统一的手术方式.对结肠损伤患者43例均行一期手术,报道如下.     

空心钉治疗股骨外髁冠状面骨折

2009年8月～2010年12月,我科应用空心钉治疗11例股骨外髁冠状面骨折患者,取得良好疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组11例,男8例,女3例,年龄18～56岁。均为闭合性骨折。骨折按Letenneur et al分类[1]:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型1例。术前患者均     

股骨髁冠状面骨折的分型与治疗

目的 探讨股骨髁冠状面骨折的分型与治疗方法。方法 对1999年3月-2005年12月治疗的9例（12髁）股骨髁冠状面骨折患者，采用改良Letenneur分型：Ⅰ型5例6髁，Ⅱ型2例2髁，Ⅲ型2例4髁。根据骨折类型和伤情特点分别行前外（内）侧、后外（内）侧及膝前马蹄形切口入路显露，直视下复位，松质骨拉力螺钉或克氏针内固定。结果 所有患者获得6个月～2年随访，骨折均获骨性愈合，愈合时间为6～12周，无骨不愈合及骨坏死发生。根据Letenneur等的Hoffa骨折术后功能评估标准：优良5例，可4例。结论 切开复位拉力螺钉内固定是治疗股骨髁冠状面骨折的主要方法，Ⅰ、Ⅲ型骨折宜用前外侧或内侧入路，Ⅱ型骨折则宜用后外侧或内侧入路。合并伸膝装置损伤的双髁骨折，则膝前马蹄形切口显露较充分。     

Gerdy's tubercle osteotomy for the treatment of coronal fractures of the lateral femoral condyle

Coronal fractures of the femoral condyle (Hoffa fractures) are intraarticular fractures that are commonly treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation. Surgical fixation is demanding because anatomic reduction is mandatory and adequate exposure is often difficult. Herein we describe a new technique that permits excellent visualization and fixation of lateral Hoffa fractures based on osteotomy of Gerdy's tubercle and reflection of the attached iliotibial band.     

Two cases of missed Salter-Harris III coronal plane fracture of the lateral femoral condyle

Coronal plane fractures of the lateral femoral condyle can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children with open physis. Two adolescents who sustained this uncommon Salter-Harris III fracture of the knee were misdiagnosed after initial clinical examination and standard x-rays. Oblique x-rays, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were valuable in arriving at the correct diagnosis and in decision making.     

Nonunion of coronal shear fracture of femoral condyle

Isolated coronal fractures of femoral condyle are rare in adults and nonunion of Hoffa fracture is reported only a few times in the literature. We analyzed six cases of nonunion of Hoffa fractures over a period of three years. Three patients were treated conservatively and three patients had fixation failures. Delay of presentation was 2 months to one year. Treatment protocol consisted of open reduction, excision of pseudoarthrosis, bone grafting and internal fixation along with knee arthrolysis. Union was achieved in all patients at mean 16 weeks. The treatment of nonunion of Hoffa fractures requires careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique. The literature regarding the controversies in fracture management and surgical technique are reviewed.     

Nonunion of coronal shear fracture of femoral condyle

Isolated coronal fractures of femoral condyle are rare in adults and nonunion of Hoffa fracture is reported only a few times in the literature. We analyzed six cases of nonunion of Hoffa fractures over a period of three years. Three patients were treated conservatively and three patients had fixation failures. Delay of presentation was 2 months to one year. Treatment protocol consisted of open reduction, excision of pseudoarthrosis, bone grafting and internal fixation along with knee arthrolysis. Union was achieved in all patients at mean 16 weeks. The treatment of nonunion of Hoffa fractures requires careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique. The literature regarding the controversies in fracture management and surgical technique are reviewed.     

Coronal fractures of the lateral femoral condyle

We reviewed seven patients with coronal fractures of the lateral femoral condyle and studied the mechanism of injury and the radiological features. The influence of soft tissue attachments on the displacement and the blood supply were investigated by clinical and cadaveric studies. All three fractures which were initially undisplaced lost position early during conservative management. Internal fixation gave good results at review, and is recommended to avoid the risk of malunion and possible secondary osteoarthritis.     

Stress fractures of the medial femoral condyle

Three military recruits who presented with medial joint line pain and positive Appley grinding tests were found on the basis of scintigrams plus arthroscopy and/or arthrogram to have no intra-articular pathology, but rather medial femoral condyle stress fractures. The importance of the differential diagnosis is emphasized.     

Coronal fractures of the femoral condyle: a brief report of five cases

Coronal fractures of the femoral condyle (Hoffa fractures) are uncommon injuries that have a better outcome when treated surgically. We report a series of five Hoffa fractures (including one nonunion) treated at a Level 1 trauma center by one surgeon employing a protocol of open reduction and internal fixation with lag screws through a formal parapatellar approach. Postoperatively, all patients began immediate unrestricted range of motion. Initial weight bearing was limited, but all patients were permitted full weight bearing by 10 weeks. All fractures healed within 12 weeks without complications. The final range of motion for the patients with acute fractures was at least 0 degrees to 115 degrees. The patient with a nonunion had a preoperative flexion contracture of 20 degrees and a final range of motion of 20 degrees to 125 degrees. Long-term follow-up (average 37 months, range 18-57 months) was available for 3 of the 5 patients, and Knee Society scores were calculated for these patients (average 173 of 200 points, range 160-180 points). The literature regarding the management of Hoffa fractures is reviewed.