THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION ON IRON ABSORPTION IN RATS

Alcoholics often have an increased amount of iron in the liverwhich may contribute to the development of alcoholic liver disease,although the mechanism is unknown. It has been shown that chronicethanol intake decreases the enterocyte turnover and enhancesgalactose absorption. Whether it affects iron absorption isstill controversial. The aim of this study was to investigatethe effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on whole body iron absorptionin rats. Twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed aliquid diet containing either ethanol as 36% of total caloriesor an isocaloric diet where fat was substituted, for ethanol.On the 28th day, four-hour fasted rats were given an oral doseof ⁵⁹Fe (0.5µCi) and were immediately counted by a wholebody counter. ⁵⁹Fe levels were then monitored over the followingnine days. Although ethanol- and control-fed rats had a similarhepatic iron content (59.5±5.8 vs 60.2±7.4 µg/100mg dry liver weight) (mean±S.E.M.), the ⁵⁹Fe total bodycontent was greater in the ethanol group (75%±3%) comparedwith the control group (45%±4%). These results show thatchronic ethanol ingestion increased iron absorption in rats.A reduction of enterocyte turnover may play a role in determiningthis effect.     

INFLUENCE OF DIET ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF RED CELL AND NEURAL MEMBRANES

Increasing dietary 18:2 n-6/18:3 n-3 causes similar relative changes in fatty acid profiles of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine from rat neural and erythrocyte membranes.     

油菜花粉对大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和脂肪酸的影响

本文通过动物实验,观察了油菜花粉对大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和脂肪酸的影响。结果表明,油菜花粉具有阻止膳食诱致血清胆固醇和甘油三酯升高的作用。同时,油菜花粉还能使血清脂肪酸中油酸的含量降低;花生四烯酸的含量升高。     

饲料脂肪酸组成对大鼠胃肠等肿瘤生成的影响

目的：　研究脂肪酸组成对甲基亚硝基脲（ Ｍ Ｎ Ｕ） 诱导的大鼠结肠等肿瘤生成的影响。方法：　雄性 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠喂以用牛油、豆油、紫草油、玉米油和鱼油按不同比例调配，含脂肪量为１５ ％ 的半合成饲料，分５ 组。各组脂肪酸组成为：１ 组以牛油为主富含饱和脂肪酸；２ 组以豆油为主富含亚油酸，１ 组和２ 组基本不含有ｎ ３ 系列多不饱和脂肪酸；３ 组以紫草油为主富含亚油酸，α和γ亚麻酸，ｎ ６／ｎ ３ 脂肪酸之比为４ ．５３ ；４ 组以鱼油为主富含ｎ ３ 系列多不饱和脂肪酸，ｎ ６／ｎ ３ 脂肪酸之比为０ ．７３ ；５ 组为混合油组，ｎ ６／ｎ ３ 脂肪酸之比为１ ．９５ 。对照组和实验组分别经腹腔注射磷酸盐生理盐水缓冲液和３０ ｍｇ／ｋｇ ．ｂｗ 的 Ｍ Ｎ Ｕ，每周一次，共６ 次，喂养１８０ 天。实验期控制了影响肿瘤产生的因素。结果：１ 、２ 和３ 组产生的结肠肿瘤均显著高于４组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ，也相对高于５ 组（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ；１ 、２ 、３ 和５ 组产生的胃肿瘤也相对地高于４ 组，但是，各组之间无显著的统计学差异。除了４ 组和１ 组外，其它各组在其它部位也产生了肿瘤。结论：　 Ｍ Ｎ Ｕ 能诱导喂以不同脂肪酸组成的大鼠产生以结肠癌为主的癌症；饲?     

两种共轭亚油酸对肥胖大鼠血清脂蛋白组成影响的比较研究

目的比较研究两种主要共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)异构体对肥胖大鼠血脂不同粒径脂蛋白水平的影响。方法以OLETF(Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats)肥胖大鼠为实验动物,对照组喂食AIN76合成饲料,CLA组在饲料中分别添加1%(以质量计)的9c,11t-CLA(9ct组)和1%(以质量计)的10t,12c-CLA(10tc组),喂食2w。以试剂盒方法测定血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-c)浓度。采用HPLC方法按脂蛋白粒径大小,对血清脂蛋白进行细化分析,测定不同粒径中TC和TG浓度。结果 10t,12c-CLA使血清各脂蛋白中TG浓度均显著下降,总TG浓度降低了22.5%,血清小粒径LDL和大粒径HDL中TC浓度显著增加,总TC浓度增加了26.1%。而9c,11t-CLA使血清总TG增加了22.6%,对总TC浓度无显著影响。结论 10t,12c-CLA具有降低血清TG,升高血清HDL-c的效果,但其对动脉粥样硬化的影响仍有待深入研究。     

长期酒精摄入对大鼠胰岛素分泌功能的影响

目的:研究长期酒精摄入对大鼠血糖、血清胰岛素及胰岛素基因表达影响。方法:清洁级Wistar大鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组和低、中、高剂量组,摄入酒精剂量分别为0、0.8、1.6和2.4g/(kgbw?d)。给予酒精18w后,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),第19w末,断头处死,测定空腹血糖和血胰岛素水平,计算Homa-β功能指数(HBCI)。提取胰腺总RNA,半定量RT-PCR测定胰岛素mRNA表达水平。结果:雌性大鼠高剂量组空腹血糖升高、空腹血清胰岛素下降,中、高剂量组HBCI及胰岛素基因表达均降低;雄性大鼠OGTT高剂量组0和1.5h血糖升高,空腹血糖高剂量组升高,低、中剂量组空腹血胰岛素升高,随着剂量增加,HBCI及胰岛素基因表达先升高后降低。结论:长期高剂量酒精摄入可导致胰岛素mRNA基因表达改变,胰岛β细胞功能受损。     

丙酮酸钙对大鼠脂肪酸代谢的影响

目的研究丙酮酸钙对大鼠脂肪酸代谢的影响及其机制。方法选取32只体重150g左右的雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照和丙酮酸钙低、中和高剂量(calcium pyruvate:0、100、500和1000mg/(kg.d)),灌胃方式给予,持续4w后处死并采样。用生化分析仪测定大鼠血脂和血糖指标,毛细管气相色谱法测定脂肪、肝脏和肌肉组织中脂肪酸C16:0、C18:0、c9-C18:1、c9,c12-C18:2、α-C18:3、C20:4含量,RT-PCR法测定肝脏中ACCαmRNA表达水平。结果实验组的体重和食物利用率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。高、中剂量组的总胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组间的血糖和甘油三酯含量变化不明显。脂肪酸测定表明脂肪中除C18:0,肝脏中除C18:0和c12-C18:2无统计意义,其余脂肪酸含量与对照组比显著减少(P0.05);背长肌中的脂肪酸含量变化不明显。肝脏中高剂量组ACCαmRNA表达水平显著低于与对照组(P0.05)。结论丙酮酸钙能控制体重增长,降低脂肪酸含量,可能是通过调节肝脏ACCαmRNA转录水平和增加机体能量消耗实现的。     

脂肪乳剂对完全胃肠外营养大鼠血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响

为研究脂肪乳剂对机体脂肪代谢的影响，用气相色谱法观测了完全胃肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）大鼠血清游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）谱的变化。将４０只雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分成５组，每组８只：（１）ＳＨ（Ｓｈａｍｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）组，仅进行颈外静脉结扎，正常饲养；（２）ＮＳ（Ｎｏｔｍａｌｓａｌｉｎｅ）组：正常饲养，输入生理盐水；（３）ＧＳ（Ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ）组：全部能量由葡萄糖提供，即不含脂肪乳剂ＴＰＮ组；（４）ＬＣＴ（Ｌｏｎｇｃｈａｉｎｔｒｉｇｌｙｃｅｒｉｄｅ）组：含１０％Ｉｎｔｒａｌｉｐｉｄ脂肪轧的ＴＰＮ组；（５）ＭＣＴ（Ｍｅｄｉｕｍｃｈａｉｎｔｒｉｇｌｙｃｅｒｉｄｅ）组：含１０％Ｌｉｐｏｆｕｎｄｉｎ脂肪乳ＴＰＮ组。ＴＰＮ各组大鼠等能量等氮量等液量匀速连续输入“生合一”营养液（即将所有营养物混合在一个溶器内）。于第７天取血标本进行血清ＦＦＡ测定。结果表明：不含脂肪乳的ＴＰＮ大鼠血清各种ＦＦＡ下降，并出现必需脂肪酸缺乏（ＥＦＡＤ）症状，如精神不振活动少，毛发无光泽、脱落等；脂肪乳剂的使用，使大鼠血清各种ＦＦＡ升高，对机体的代谢和功能有着不同的生理、药理作用。     

EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION ON GLYCOSYLATION PROCESSES IN RAT LIVER MICROSOMES AND GOLGI APPARATUS

Previous studies have demonstrated that acute ethanol intoxicationaffects various steps of protein glycosylation at the levelof rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Theaim of this investigation was to demonstrate whether chronicethanol intake can induce definitive changes of liver glycoproteinprocessing. Rats were given ethanol by liquid diet for 8 weeks.At the end of this period the triglyceride levels in liver homogenateand microsomes were significantly higher than in controls. Isolatedhepatocytes prelabelled with [³H]Na palmitate and [¹⁴C]glucosamineshowed a significant storage of the lipid and carbohydrate radioactivityin microsomes and Golgi apparatus and a significant impairmentof labelled glycolipoprotein secretion. Changes of the glycosylationsteps were observed both in endoplasmic reticulum and in Golgiapparatus: in the former the levels of dolichyl phosphate, whichis rate-limiting for the synthesis of glycoprotein, showed asignificant reduction; in the latter the activity of the mainenzymes responsible for the terminal glycosylation process wassignificantly decreased. These data suggest that an impairmentof glycoprotein maturation may be involved in the pathogenesisof liver injury induced by chronic ethanol intake.     

THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL FEEDING ON BODY AND PLASMA COMPOSITION AND RATES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEIN TURNOVER IN THE RAT

(1) Sexually immature and mature rats were fed a nutritionally-completeliquid diet or isovolumetric quantities of the same diet inwhich 36% of the calories as glucose were substituted by isocaloricethanol. (2) After 6 weeks ethanol feeding, significant reductionsin body weight (approx. 15%) occurred in both groups of rats.In immature rats there were significant reductions (7–21%)in bone, gastrocnemius, liver, and skin weights. The total skeletalmuscle mass was reduced by 20%. Lung and kidney weights werenot significantly altered. In mature rats smaller decreasesin organ weights were found, which were only significant forskeletal muscle and skin. The gastrocnemius protein contentwas significantly reduced in immature but not in mature rats.Plasma protein concentrations were unaltered in both groups.(3) Plasma aspartate aminotransaminase, glutamyl transferaseand creatine kinase activities in immature and mature rats werenot significantly altered by ethanol feeding, but there wereincreases in plasma alkaline phosphatase activities in immature,but not in mature, rats. Plasma glucose was slightly raisedby ethanol feeding in immature but not mature rats. Plasma triglyceridesand insulin were unaltered in both groups of rats. (4) Proteinsynthesis was measured with a flooding dose of L[4³H]-phenylalanine.Rates of protein breakdown were calculated from the differencebetween synthesis and growth. Fractional and absolute ratesof skeletal muscle protein synthesis were reduced by 13–30%by ethanol treatment, in immature and mature rats. Fractionalrates of protein breakdown were also reduced by ethanol, by13 and 19% in immature and mature rats, respectively.     

EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION ON IN VIVO PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN LIVERS FROM FEMALE AND MALE RATS FED TWO DIFFERENT DIET REGIMENS

Hepatic protein synthesis was studied in male and female ratsfed ethanol-supplemented diets for 6–7 weeks. In one group(group 1), male rats were fed an all-liquid diet with 36% ofthe energy as ethanol. The controls were pair-fed with carbohydratereplacing ethanol isoenergetically. The second group of malerats (group 2) was given a mixture of solid and liquid diets.The solid food was given ad libitum and was supplemented witheither an ethanol-containing liquid (20–30% of energyas ethanol) or isoenergetic amounts of lipid. Female rats (group3) received the same diet regimen as group 2. Rates of hepaticprotein synthesis were measured after a 12–18 hr fastby a 32 min continuous infusion of ³H-valine. Specific precursorradioactivity (valyl tRNA) was calculated from valine specificradioactivities and concentrations in intra- and extracellularwater at 12, 22 and 32 min. The rates of protein synthesis were lower in all three groupsof ethanol-treated rats than in controls. In group 1, ethanolfeeding resulted in protein accumulation, and the plasma proteinconcentration was significantly lower at 20 and 32 min. In conclusion,female and male rats fed various diets were susceptible to thesame inhibitory effect of chronic ethanol consumption on hepaticprotein synthesis.     

EFFECT OF TRANS FATTY ACIDS ON THE LINOLEIC ACID REQUIREMENT OF RATS

Heart and liver mitochondrial function in rats was not changed by the amount of dietary linoleic acid or the additon of trans fatty acids, although the fatty acid composition of the mitochondrial phospholipids was altered.     

植物固醇对酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用以及对肠道菌群的影响研究

目的探讨酒精性肝损伤大鼠肠道菌群的影响,以及植物固醇能否通过改善肠道菌群发挥对酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法 Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分组,正常对照组;酒精模型组;植物固醇低[200 mg/(kg·d)]、高剂量组[400 mg/(kg·d)]。8 w后,末次灌胃后使用代谢笼留取大鼠1 h粪便3～5粒冻存备测;禁食12h后麻醉处死,腹主动脉取血,剥取肝组织及小肠组织。检测肝功能,血脂,血清炎症因子水平。HE染色观察大鼠肝脏组织病理学改变。透射电镜观察大鼠小肠上皮细胞超微结构。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术定量分析粪便中大肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌及乳杆菌的含量。结果 HE染色结果显示酒精模型组中央静脉出现大量炎性细胞浸润,脂肪变性,肝细胞索排列紊乱。植物固醇低、高剂量组没有或较少发现典型脂肪变性和炎性细胞浸润。透射电镜结果显示酒精模型组中小肠绒毛结构发生明显萎缩,植物固醇低、高组有不同程度的改善。植物固醇干预后炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α的水平显著下降(P0.05),菌株定量分析显示酒精模型组大肠杆菌(P0.05)数量显著升高,粪肠球菌数量呈上升趋势(P 0.05)。植物固醇低、高剂量组大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P0.05)。酒精模型组乳酸杆菌与双歧杆菌数量都显著下降(P 0.05),植物固醇高剂量组乳酸杆菌数量呈上升趋势,双歧杆菌数量显著升高(P0.05)。结论植物固醇对慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠具有改善作用,对大鼠小肠屏障具有保护效果;定量分析证明植物固醇的保肝效果与其调节肠道菌群有关。[营养学报,2019,41(4):367-373]     

泛酸钙对全饥饿大鼠血清酮体、游离脂肪酸的影响

目的探讨泛酸钙对全饥饿大鼠可利用能源物质酮体(KB)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)的影响及可能的保护作用,为研制延长饥饿耐受时间的营养剂提供科学依据.方法以饥饿SD大鼠为模型,灌胃补充泛酸钙,观察饥饿后不同时期血清酮体和游离脂肪酸的变化.结果血清KB和FFA水平在饥饿后逐渐升高,分别于禁食4 d和2 d达到峰值(2.67±0.30)mg@100 ml-1和(793.75±99.85)μmol@L-1,之后开始下降.泛酸钙补充后FFA峰值显著降低(655.92±135.12)μmol@L-1,禁食9 d的KB(0.48±0.08)mg@100 ml-1和FFA(290.46±96.49)μmol@L-1水平显著高于全饥饿对照组的(0.40±0.07)mg@100 ml-1和(167.43±46.78)μmol@L-1,(P＜0.05,＜0.01).结论泛酸钙能延缓饥饿动物能源物质的消耗,可能对饥饿动物有一定的保护作用.     

EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND ABSTINENCE ON SERUM THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN RATS WITH HIGH AND LOW ETHANOL INTAKE

Serum anterior pituitary hormone levels of genetically selectedAA and ANA rats of Wistar origin as well as those of experimentallyselected heavy drinkers (HD) and light drinkers (LD) among normalWistar rats were studied. AA and HD rats consumed high doseswhile ANA and LD rats preferred low doses of ethanol. Serumthyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin and growth hormone(GH) concentrations were measured by specific radio-immunoassaysbefore chronic ethanol administration, during physical dependenceand on subsequent withdrawal. Basal TSH levels and TSH responsesto cold were as a rule decreased in the course of ethanol intakeand abstinence, whereas the TRH-induced TSH elevation becamemore consistent than before ethanol. There was no differencein basal prolactin levels between ethanol preferring and non-preferringrats at abstinence, whereas 30 min cold-exposure seemed to decreasethem in HD and LD rats. The high prolactin levels before ethanoland during physical dependence appear to be caused by stressfactors involved in the blood collecting procedure. GH levelswere not significantly different in ANA, AA, LD and HD ratsand neither ethanol intake nor subsequent withdrawal consistentlymodified GH levels. It is concluded that the observed minoralterations in the levels of anterior pituitary hormones hardlyplay any significant role in the development of alcohol dependence.     

高脂饲料对OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

目的:观察高脂饲料对自发性2型糖尿病模型OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响。方法:将20只14w雄性OLETF大鼠随机分为两组,分别以高脂及标准饲料喂饲10w,两种饲料中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的百分含量相似。大鼠第24w龄时进行口服糖耐量试验,同时测定大鼠的胰岛素水平和血清磷脂脂肪酸组成。结果:实验期间两组大鼠总进食量无统计学差异,但高脂饲料组大鼠体重明显高于标准饲料组(P<0.01);口服糖耐量试验和胰岛素水平测定结果表明,两组大鼠的糖代谢状态无统计学差异;血清磷脂脂肪酸组成中,除总n-6PUFA和18:3(n-3)的百分含量无统计学差异外,其他各脂肪酸组分在两组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:在饲料脂肪酸组成保持可比的情况下,饲料脂肪量的增加可使OLETF大鼠的体重明显增加,而对糖代谢的影响不明显,同时对OLETF大鼠血清磷脂脂肪酸组成产生明显影响。     

鱼油对小鼠脑磷脂中脂肪酸组成的影响

昆明种小鼠随机分成两组，对照组和鱼油组，按小鼠处死时间，对照组分三个亚组，鱼油组分四个亚组。取小鼠脑组织，采用气相色谱法测其脑磷脂中脂肪酸组成，考察鱼油中ｎ一３系多不饱和脂肪酸对小鼠大脑的影响，结果表明：鱼油可使小鼠脑重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），使脑磷脂中饱和脂肪酸，单不饱和脂肪酸和ｎ一６系多不饱和脂肪酸水平降低，使ｎ一３系多不饱和脂肪酸水平上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）。停用鱼油两周后，其脑磷脂中脂肪酸水平与对照组的水平接近，即鱼油对脑磷脂中脂肪酸组成的影响作用逐渐减弱。由此推论，在人脑早期形成发育过程中，适时、适量、持续补充人体必需ｎ一３系多不饱和脂肪酸是必要的。     

EFFECT OF PARENTERAL LINOLEATE ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF INFANT BRAIN AND LIVER

Total parenteral nutrition of newborn infants with Intralipid increased the 18:2 n-6 content and decreased the 22:6 n-3 levels of liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.     

不同膳食脂肪酸构成影响MNU诱导大鼠乳腺肿瘤发生的研究

目的:探讨不同膳食脂肪酸对甲基亚硝基脲(MNU)诱导的大鼠乳腺肿瘤发生的影响。方法:用含15%脂肪(wt/wt)的半合成饲料喂养雌性SD大鼠。大鼠50d龄时,分8组喂养8种不同膳食脂肪酸组成的饲料,即SFA、MUFA、n-6PUFA、n-3PUFA、1∶1n-6/n-3、5∶1n-6/n-3、10∶1n-6/n-3和S/M/P为1∶2∶(1其中n-6/n-3为1∶1),每组又分肿瘤组和对喂组,肿瘤组,单次腹腔注射MNU(50mg/kgbw),相应的对喂组注射生理盐水,持续喂养18w。观察各组大鼠体重增长、乳腺肿瘤发生率、肿瘤多发率及肿瘤潜伏期等。结果:除喂养n-3PUFA的大鼠在实验6w后出现体重增长受阻外,其它组别的大鼠体重增长无明显差异。各对喂组大鼠均无乳腺肿瘤发生,而在MNU注射组中,喂养n-3PUFA的大鼠也无乳腺肿瘤发生,但喂养SFA、MUFA、n-6PUFA、5∶1n-6/n-3、10∶1n-6/n-3和S/M/P(1/2/1)大鼠乳腺肿瘤诱发率是1∶1n-6/n-3的2倍,且喂养1∶1n-6/n-3的大鼠,其肿瘤发生的潜伏期也最长。结论:不同膳食脂肪酸构成对MNU诱导的大鼠乳腺肿瘤发生影响不同。,1∶1n-6/n-3膳食脂肪酸构成能有效抑制MNU诱导的乳腺肿瘤发生。     

枸杞多糖联合有氧运动对非酒精性脂肪肝伴发糖尿病前期模型大鼠血浆游离脂肪酸谱的影响

目的 探讨枸杞多糖联合有氧运动对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)伴发糖尿病前期(IGR)模型大鼠血浆游离脂肪酸谱的影响,为代谢性疾病的预防提供理论依据.方法 方法30只SPF雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、枸杞多糖组、枸杞多糖联合有氧运动组,每组6只.模型组、枸杞多糖组、有氧运动组和枸杞多糖联合有氧运动组饲喂高脂饲...