淋巴结外Rosai-Dorfman病

目的探讨淋巴结外Rosai-Dorfman病的病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对2例结外Rosai-Dorfman病行HE和免疫组织化学(EnVision^TM)染色观察。结果光镜下见病灶内深浅不一结节状区域,浅染区体积较大的组织细胞,呈多边形或椭圆形,其直径为淋巴细胞的10—30倍左右,胞质丰富,淡嗜酸性,核膜光滑,有小的嗜碱性核仁,部分组织细胞之胞质内见较多淋巴细胞、浆细胞等,组织细胞表达S-100蛋白。结论结外Rosai-Dorfman是一种少见的组织细胞增生性病变,有一定的病理学特征。应与幼年性黄色肉芽肿、纤维组织细胞瘤、Langerhans组织细胞增生症、网状组织细胞瘤以及慢性炎症性病变等鉴别。     

耳鼻咽喉头颈部结外Rosai-Dorfman病临床病理特征

目的探讨耳鼻咽喉头颈部结外Rosai-Dorfman病的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集北京同仁医院5例耳鼻咽喉头颈部结外Rosai-Dorfman病例,并行常规HE、组织化学和免疫组化染色。结果患者年龄37～72岁,平均49岁。5例中原发于喉2例,原发于鼻腔2例,原发于鼻翼皮肤1例。组织病理学特征:①低倍镜下为上呼吸道黏膜下或皮肤真皮内肿瘤细胞弥漫浸润,呈不同程度淡染区和深染区相间交错;②高倍镜下窦组织细胞增生,伴有不同程度其它慢性炎症细胞浸润,可见"伸入现象",病变特征不如结内病变明显;③免疫组化染色结果显示窦组织细胞S-100和CD68阳性,CD1a、CD20、CD45RO阴性。结论耳鼻咽喉头颈部发生的结外Rosai-Dorfman病是一种少见的组织细胞增生性疾病,有特定的组织病理学特征,在诊断上需要和该部位的其他肿瘤和炎性病变鉴别。     

多发皮肤Rosai-Dorfman病临床病理分析

Rosai-Dorfman病（RDD）又称巨大淋巴结病性窦组织细胞增生症（sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy,SHML）,是一种病因不明的特发性组织细胞增生性疾病.1969年Rosai与Dorfman首次详细报道了这种疾病.RDD是以S-100蛋白阳性的组织细胞浸润并吞噬淋巴细胞、浆细胞为主要特点的淋巴结良性病变.此后又发现该病可以累及淋巴结以外的各种不同部位,甚至可以单独发生于淋巴结外并不伴有淋巴结肿大.皮肤是淋巴结外最常见的受累部位,国内报道也可见于鼻窦、脑膜 、肾脏等.单纯发生于淋巴结外的RDD很少见.在此就临床外检中遇到的1例皮肤RDD,探讨其临床特点、病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断,并对RDD研究的最新进展进行文献复习及讨论.[第一段]     

颅内原发Rosai-Dorfman病三例临床病理学观察

目的探讨颅内原发窦组织细胞增生伴巨大淋巴结病(Rosai-Dorfman病)的临床病理特征、免疫组织化学特点及鉴别诊断。方法收集南昌大学第一附属医院病理科2016年1月至2019年12月病理诊断为颅内Rosai-Dorfman病3例, 观察其临床特点、影像资料、病理学特点及免疫表型, 并复习相关的文献。结果原发于颅内的Rosai-Dorfman病3例, 均为男性, 年龄分别为37、44、55岁, 分别位于左侧颞枕部、右侧鞍旁、左颞叶, 镜下见组织细胞弥漫片状生长, 多量淋巴细胞、浆细胞灶片状聚集, 免疫组织化学示组织细胞S-100蛋白、CD68为阳性。结论原发于颅内的Rosai-Dorfman病较罕见, 临床特点及影像学检查缺乏特异性表现, 其诊断主要依据镜下的形态学特征及免疫组织化学。     

结外型Rosai-Dorfman病7例临床病理分析

目的 探讨Rosai-Dorfman病(Rosai-Dorfman disease,RDD)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析7例RDD临床病理学特征及免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断等,并复习相关文献。结果 RDD主要发病部位在颌面部、乳腺及皮下组织。镜下有大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞和组织细胞浸润;部分病例存在典型组织细胞吞噬现象,病变常有纤维组织、纤维母细胞和泡沫样组织细胞增生;病变可呈明暗区交替;还可见淋巴细胞和浆细胞围绕血管成靶环样。免疫表型:组织细胞中S-100、CD68均阳性,CD1a、IgG均阴性。7例患者中仅有2例复发。结论 结外型RDD见多量组织细胞增生和慢性炎细胞浸润,组织学缺乏典型伸入运动特征,易与郎格汉斯组织细胞增生症、结核和IgG4相关疾病混淆,需结合临床病史及免疫表型排除其他疾病后确诊。     

成人Still病的淋巴结病理诊断及临床意义

目的 探讨成人Still病(adult onset Still's disease,AOSD)淋巴结的病理形态学特点及临床意义.方法 收集3例AOSD患者的临床资料,对其活检的淋巴结行组织学观察及免疫组织化学分析.结果 (1)临床特点:高热、皮疹和关节痛,伴肝、脾及淋巴结肿大;辅助检查:血WBC≥15×109/L,N≥0.8,SF>1 200 ng/ml.(2)AOSD肿大淋巴结呈高度增生改变.淋巴结结构部分保存,副皮质区免疫母细胞和(或)Langerhans细胞弥漫增生,同时伴有组织细胞、小淋巴细胞及炎细胞的混杂性增生,增生细胞异型性明显,核分裂象多见;免疫组化染色:增生的免疫母细胞T、B淋巴细胞标记混合阳性,Langerhans细胞S-100蛋白、CD1α和vimentin阳性,组织细胞表达CD68,活化的淋巴细胞CD30阳性.结论 临床表现与辅助检查对AOSD的诊断至关重要.肿大淋巴结过度的免疫反应表现对诊断也有重要提示意义和鉴别诊断价值.     

原发性颅内Rosai-Dorfman病

目的 探讨原发性颅内Rosai-Dorfman病的临床病理特征。方法 对1例术前经影像学诊断为原发性颅内脑膜肿瘤患者，复习病史和影像学资料，手术标本常规病理制片，组织学检查和免疫组织化学标记S-100蛋白、CD68、GFAP、CKpan、EMA、vimentin、CD20、CD79α、CD3和CD43，并复习文献。结果 患者为老年女性，MRI显示病变位于左侧颅顶部脑膜并累及脑实质，组织学显示多量淡染的组织细胞、浆细胞和淋巴细胞组成的背景伴纤维化，同时组织细胞内有多量吞噬的淋巴细胞，免疫标记显示组织细胞表达S-100蛋白和CD68。结论 原发于颅内Rosai-Dorfman病是一种极其少见组织细胞异常增生性病变，病理诊断时需与颅内非特异性炎性病变和浆细胞肉芽肿等鉴别，该病变组织细胞S-100蛋白和CD68表达阳性是诊断本病的可靠依据。     

肺Rosai-Dorfman病1例

Rosai-Dorfman病是一种少见的良性组织细胞增生性疾病, 多发生于淋巴结, 原发于肺孤立性Rosai-Dorfman病十分罕见, 本文报道1例32岁男性, 体检发现右肺下叶结节行右中下肺叶切除术, 右下叶支气管根部见肿块, 大小4.0 cm×3.5 cm×2.5 cm, 灰白灰黄色, 质硬, 界尚清。低倍镜下见肺组织结构破坏, 淡染区和深染区明暗相间分布。高倍镜下见淡染区主要为体积增大的组织细胞呈簇状分布, 胞质淡染嗜酸性或空泡状, 胞质内可见吞噬一至数枚形态完整的淋巴细胞。深染区主要是成熟的浆细胞和淋巴细胞。免疫组织化学组织细胞S-100蛋白、CD68及CD163阳性。分子检测KRAS基因G12D突变。术后随访21个月无复发。肺Rosai-Dorfman病术前常被误诊为肺癌, 病理诊断需要与多个疾病鉴别, 免疫组织化学S-100蛋白对正确诊断有帮助。     

肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的病理诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肺郎格汉斯(Langerhans)细胞组织细胞增生症诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 常规HE染色及免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(SP)法染色观察7例肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的形态学及S-100、CD68、CD1a免疫组织化学表达特点并分析其临床资料。结果 7例均可见明确郎格汉斯细胞性肉芽肿改变,并可见中等量炎细胞浸润、局灶间质纤维化及灶性坏死。免疫组织化学阳性检出情况分别为S-100 7／7、CD68 3／7、CD1a 5／5。结论 临床及影像学检查(X线及CT)怀疑郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症患者应尽早行开胸或胸腔镜肺活组织检查,病理学确诊对肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的治疗和控制其发展有很重要作用,免疫组织化学S-100及CD1a染色对鉴别诊断有意义。     

结外Rosai-Dorfman病6例临床病理学观察

目的探讨结外Rosai-Dorfman病(Rosai-Dorfman disease,RDD)的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析6例结外RDD的临床病理学及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果镜下慢性炎症细胞背景中可见由交替分布的组织细胞淡染带和混合性炎症细胞组成的深染带,伴有特征性的窦组织细胞(Rosai-Dorfman细胞)增生和淋巴细胞伸入;免疫表型:组织细胞均弥漫强阳性表达S-100蛋白。结论结外RDD有较典型的病理学特征,组织学上应与非特异性慢性炎症、纤维组织细胞肿瘤、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症、炎性假瘤等进行鉴别。     

HMB-45, S-100, NK1/C3, and MART-1 in metastatic melanoma

The diagnosis of melanoma metastatic to lymph node remains a difficult problem given its histological diversity. We examined the staining patterns of S-100, NK1/C3, HMB-45, and MART-1 (DC10) in melanoma metastases to lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on tissue sections of 126 formalin-fixed lymph nodes from 126 patients with an established diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. A total of 98% of cases (123 of 126) stained positive for S-100, 93% (117 of 125) stained positive for NK1/C3, 82% (103 of 126) stained positive for MART-1, and 76% (95 of 125) stained positive for HMB-45. The distribution and intensity of staining varied among these markers. A diffuse staining pattern, defined as >50% of tumor cells stained, was observed in 83% of MART-1-positive cases but in only 56% of S-100-positive cases, 48% of NK1/C3-positive cases, and 34% of HMB-45-positive cases. A maximally intense signal was almost always observed for MART-1 (83% of positive cases) but was rarely observed for NK1/C3 (20%). S-100 and HMB-45 showed maximally intense staining in 50% and 54% of cases, respectively. S-100 and NK1/C3 stained both histiocytes and melanocytes, whereas MART-1 and HMB-45 stained only melanocytes. Seventy-eight cases (63%) stained positive for all 4 markers, 17 cases (14%) stained for all markers except HMB-45, 13 cases (10%) stained for all markers except MART-1, 6 cases (5%) stained only with S-100 and NK1/C3, 4 cases (3%) stained only with S-100 and HMB-45, and 2 cases stained for all markers except S-100. One case each stained for the following: only S-100, only S-100 and HMB-45, and all markers except NK1/C3. One case exhibited absence of staining for any of these markers. We demonstrate that lymph node metastases of melanoma are heterogeneous with regard to tumor marker expression. S-100 and NK1/C3 were the most sensitive stains for detecting metastatic melanoma; however, they both also stain other nontumor cells in lymph nodes. MART-1 did not stain histiocytes and exhibited a more frequently intense and diffuse staining pattern than NK1/C3. HMB-45 was less sensitive and demonstrated less diffuse staining than MART-1.     

淋巴结外Rosai-Dorfman病7例临床病理分析

目的探讨淋巴结外Rosai-Dorfman病(Rosai-Dorfman disease,RDD)的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对7例结外RDD患者进行HE染色和免疫组化检查,并复习相关文献。结果 7例结外RDD患者中男性4例,女性3例,年龄21～57岁(平均41岁),4例位于中枢神经系统,胫骨、甲状软骨和皮下组织各1例,均为结外单发病变。组织学改变:病变组织在低倍镜下呈大小不一的不规则结节样结构,结节内"明暗"相间。高倍镜下"暗区"为浸润的淋巴细胞、浆细胞等;"明区"是散在、成簇或片状分布的组织细胞。后者体积大,胞质丰富,泡状核,可见小核仁。部分组织细胞胞质内见吞噬完整的淋巴细胞和浆细胞等("伸入"现象)。免疫表型:组织细胞S-100蛋白和CD68均阳性,CD1a阴性。结论结外RDD少见,因组织细胞吞噬现象不明显且临床及影像学特征缺乏特异性,易被误诊。结节状分布的结构特点以及低倍镜下明暗相间的组织学特征是诊断RDD的重要线索。免疫组化标记有助于明确诊断。     

Rosai-Dorfman病的临床病理、免疫表型和病原学观察

目的观察Rosai—Doffman病的临床病理特征,探讨多种抗原标记的免疫表型及HHV8-DNA、HPV—DNA和EBER的表达及其与病因的关系,并比较国内外Rosm—Doffman病的发病特征。方法对16例Rosm-Doffman病进行临床病理回顾性研究;9例行免疫表型检测,包括CD163、CD68（PG—M1）、CD21、CD1a、CD20、CIMSRO、CD8、CIM、S100、M—CSF和HHV8;用原位杂交技术进行EBV—mRNA和HPV—DNA检测。结果（1）男女之比为4．33：1。只有淋巴结病变的占62．5％（10／16）,颈淋巴结多见,50％的病例有多部位淋巴结累及;结外病变占37．5％（6／16）。结外病变者的局部复发率较高。（2）淋巴结病变以明显扩张的淋巴窦内有不等量体积大、多角形、胞质内含有淋巴细胞和浆细胞的组织细胞为特征;结外病变均有不同程度纤维组织增生和以浆细胞为主的混合炎细胞浸润,胞质内含有淋巴细胞和浆细胞的大多角形组织细胞数量多寡不一,呈簇状或散在分布,且随病程进展,纤维组织的量渐多,特征性组织细胞数量渐少。（3）病变组织中大多角形组织细胞均表达S—100蛋白,以及CD68PG—M1、CD163和M—CSF,均不表达CD1a和CD21;组织细胞吞入的有T和B细胞,以T细胞为多,且CIM和CD8表型细胞均有。9例均为HHV8和EBEV阴性。（4）国内报道共62例,其中仅淋巴结病变34例,仅结外病变18例,淋巴结和结外同时存在病变10例。比较国内外文献,国外患者年龄较国内的年轻10岁以上,且女性比例较高。结论Rosai—Dofman病在国内较少。结外Rosai—Dorfman病的诊断有一定难度。HHV8-DNA、HPV—DNA和EBER的表达与病因关联不明确。国内外患者的发病年龄和性别构成不同。     

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai Dorfman disease): evidence for a dendritic cell derivation?

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder of unknown origin. Both dendritic cell and monocyte-macrophage lineage have been considered as the origin of the histiocytes that are classical of the disorder. We analyzed seven cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease to determine the immunophenotypic profile of these cells. Immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken by using: (a) fascin as a novel mature dendritic cell marker; (b) S-100 protein; (c) CD68 (both KP1 and PGM1) as macrophage related markers; (d) CD79a and (e) CD3. The Rosai-Dorfman histiocytes exhibited strong cytoplasmic staining for fascin in all the cases and demonstratedformation of a meshwork of fine dendritic processes emanating from the cell cytoplasm. S-100 protein was uniformly expressed in all the cases. Expression of both KP1 and PGM1 epitopes of CD68 was found to be weak and variable. The phagocytosed lymphocytes were composed of an admixture of both B and T-lymphocytes. The characteristic expression pattern of the histiocytes for fascin along with co-expression of S-100 protein and a consistently weaker and variable expression of macrophage-lineage markers point more towards a dendritic cell ontogeny of these cells. Further, abundant fascin expression and presence of dendritic processes indicate a differentiated or mature dendritic cell phenotype for these cells.     

Rosai-Dorfman disease of the breast: a mimic of breast malignancy

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is primarily a nodal-based, idiopathic, benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes with 43% of these cases also involving extranodal sites. The breast is an unusual site of occurrence of RDD. We report two cases of this exceptional event. The first represents an intramammary nodal Rosai-Dorfman disease, while the second is an extranodal disease with sole involvement of the breast. In both, the possibility of malignancy was raised. Histological examination of the two breast lesions revealed sheets of characteristic large histiocytes displaying emperipolesis, a microscopic hallmark of this disease. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were also performed; the former showed cytoplasmic staining of histiocytes for S-100 protein, while histiocytes that engulfed lymphocytes and plasma cells were identified on electron microscopy.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) of bone in children

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of three cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma [EG]) of bone in children (mean age--8.3 yr; range 5-11 yr) is presented. Two patients presented with vertebral lesions and the third had a femoral mass. Cytomorphologic features of EG were seen in all cases including Langerhans' cell histiocytes having oval to reniform shape nuclei with nuclear grooving and abundant pale cytoplasm. The background showed a polymorphic population of cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, foamy histiocytes, and osteoclasts. Moderate numbers of eosinophils were seen in two cases, while eosinophils were sparse in the third case. Ancillary immunocytochemical (ICC) studies performed on the aspirated material demonstrated positive staining for S-100 protein (all three cases) and T-6 antigen (one case). Ultrastructural examination (EM) performed in one case demonstrated characteristic Birbeck granules in the histiocytes. A specific cytologic diagnosis was made in all cases, enabling proper chemotherapy in one case, surgical excision in another and spontaneous resolution in the third case. Our experience demonstrates that FNA cytology can make a definitive diagnosis of EG, especially when coupled with ancillary studies such as ICC and EM on the aspirated material.     

累及骨和软骨Rosai–Dorfman病2例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨2例累及骨和软骨的结外罗道(Rosai–Dorfman)病的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法:复习分别位于右胫骨近端及甲状软骨的2例Rosai–Dorfman病患者的临床和影像学资料,行组织学观察及免疫组织化学分析,并复习相关文献。结果:39岁女性,右胫骨占位及38岁男性,甲状软骨肿物。影像学示前者右胫骨上段溶骨性骨质破坏;CT示后者甲状软骨前实性占位,与甲状软骨界限不清。光镜下前者病变在破碎骨小梁间生长,后者病变包绕并侵犯甲状软骨,并在软骨化骨骨小梁间侵袭性生长。低倍镜下组织细胞显著增生,与浸润的淋巴细胞、浆细胞形成明暗相间的结构,部分组织细胞体积较大,呈多边形或椭圆形;胞浆淡嗜酸性或空亮,泡状核,可见小核仁;部分胞浆内见吞噬完整的淋巴细胞和(或)浆细胞、中性粒细胞等。免疫组织化学标记组织细胞表达S–100蛋白和CD68,不表达CD1a。结论:累及骨和软骨的Rosai–Dorfman病罕见,临床及影像学检查均容易误诊。组织学形态及免疫组织化学检查是确诊的唯一依据。     

HIV-associated Waldeyer's ring lymphoid hyperplasias: characterization of multinucleated giant cells and the role of Epstein-Barr virus

Lymphoid hyperplasia of Waldeyer's ring (WR) is an often-symptomatic complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A characteristic but not well explained finding is the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) adjacent to crypt or surface epithelium. To further elucidate the MNGCs and assess their relationship to HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 12 specimens from 11 HIV-positive patients were stained with antibodies to HIV-1 p24, EBV (latent membrane protein, LMP-1), histiocytes (CD68), and other antigen-presenting cells: S-100 protein, the Langerhans cell (LC) marker CD1a, and the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) marker (CD21). Double immunofluorescent staining to assess co-expression of p24 and cell-specific markers was performed and analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy with 3-dimensional reconstruction. In situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) was performed in all cases. Immunostains showed MNGCs labeled for p24, S-100, and CD68, but not CD1a. In 1 case, rare MNGCs were CD21-positive. EBV LMP-1 was uniformly negative, although EBER-positive lymphocytes were seen by in situ hybridization in 9 of 12 specimens (numerous in only 3 specimens). Double immunofluorescent staining showed co-localization of p24 with CD68 and S-100. Our results suggest that MNGCs are generally HIV-infected, EBV-negative, and most likely represent an unusual S-100-positive histiocyte subset (not LC or FDC). Their exact pathophysiologic role remains uncertain. EBV does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of WR lymphoid hyperplasias in HIV infection.     

Nestin expression as a new marker in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) can be difficult to diagnose because it lacks specific immunohistochemical markers. S-100, which is a useful marker of MPNST, has limited diagnostic utility. Recent studies suggest that nestin, which is an intermediate filament protein, is expressed in neuroectodermal stem cells. The diagnostic utility of immunostains for nestin and three other neural markers (S-100, CD56 and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)) were evaluated in 35 cases of MPNST and in other spindle cell tumors. All MPNST cases were strongly positive for nestin and had cytoplasmic staining. Stains for S-100, CD56, and PGP 9.5 were positive in fewer cases (17/35, 11/35, and 29/35 cases, respectively), and had less extensive staining. Nestin was negative in 10/10 leiomyomas, and weak nestin expression was seen in 10/10 schwannomas, 3/10 neurofibromas, 2/8 synovial sarcomas, 2/10 liposarcomas, 4/7 carcinosarcomas and 3/7 malignant fibrous histiocytomas. In contrast, strong nestin positivity was seen in 10/10 rhabdomyosarcomas, 15/19 leiomyosarcomas, and 9/9 desmoplastic melanomas. Nestin is more sensitive for MPNST than other neural markers and immunostains for nestin in combination with other markers could be useful in the diagnosis of MPNST.