巨细胞病毒宫内感染状态与母婴垂直传播之间的关系

目的研究巨细胞病毒（HCMV）宫内感染状态即活动性与非活动性感染与母婴垂直传播之间的关系。方法对85例HCMV-IgM或HCMV-DNA阳性的母血标本用RT-PCR方法检测即刻早期（IE）mRNA和晚期（L）mRNA,并用PEP-PCR方法检测母血标本中分离出的胎儿细胞的HCMV-DNA。结果 85例母血标本中检测到IE-mRNA或L-mRNA的有57例,其中胎儿细胞HCMV-DNA呈阳性的有37例,宫内垂直传播率为64.91%。未检测到IE-mRNA和L-mRNA的28例样本中胎儿细胞HCMV-DNA呈阳性的有4例,宫内垂直传播率为14.29%。两组的垂直传播率经χ2检验有统计学差异（P〈0.001）。结论巨细胞病毒宫内感染处于活动期状态时,其发生母婴垂直传播的危险性显著高于非活动期感染状态,这对于采取正确的治疗措施和评估预后有重要的指导意义。     

Pre-eclampsia is associated with HLA-DR4 sharing between mother and fetus

Full HLA-A,B and DR typing was carried out on 92 women with proteinuric pre-eclampsia, 80 of their husbands and 46 of their babies. The results were compared with corresponding data from 65 normotensive pregnancies involving primiparous women. The frequency of HLA-DR4 was increased in the pre-eclamptic women (RR 3.1; p less than 0.005) and in the babies of pre-eclamptic pregnancies (RR 2.6; p less than 0.03). The strongest association, however, was with sharing of HLA-DR4 between mother and fetus (RR 4.2; p = 0.01). There was no increase in HLA antigen sharing in general between spouses or maternal-fetal pairs in pre-eclampsia. Nor did pre-eclamptic women exhibit increased homozygosity in general at any HLA locus. We conclude that genetic susceptibility to pre-eclampsia depends at least partly on fetomaternal compatibility for a gene or genes associated with HLA-DR4.     

Creatinine exchange between mother, fetus, and amniotic fluid.

Creatinine exchange between mother, fetus, and amniotic fluid was investigated in rhesus monkeys in late pregnancy in which a different radioactive-labeled form of creatinine was injected simultaneously into either of two of the three possible compartments. Creatinine specific activity was then determined for each isotope in each compartment over the ensuing 4-6 h. A rapid and extensive bidirectional exchange occurred between all three compartments. Maternal-fetal flux, while bidirectional, seemed to be predominately from mother to fetus. Approximately 35% of labeled creatinine originally injected into the fetus and 25% of labeled creatinine originally injected into the mother were present in the amniotic sac within 2 h. Creatinine pool size was calculated to be approximately 6 mg/kg in both mother and fetus. Comparison of experiments involving living had dead fetuses indicated that the route of creatinine transfer from mother to amniotic fluid was through the living fetus and directly across the chorioamnion in the dead fetus. In addition, the time required for 'mixing' of creatinine injected into the amniotic sac was longer with a dead than with a living fetus but its half-life averaged 4.5 h regardless of fetal status.     

Insular function of mother and fetus

Summary Insulin was extracted from blood plasma on strong sulfacationic ion-exchange resin, trade mark SDV-3, 60–80 mesh, swelling coefficient 3.0 in hydrogen form. Bio-assay for insulin activity was performed by rat epididymal fat pad technique. Insulin activity as assayed in maternal venous and umbilical venous blood at birth and mean error values of insulin activity were 226±26.3 and 223±25.7 U/ml respectively. There was no difference between insulin activity of maternal venous, retroplacental and umbilical venous blood either in mean values or individually. Since placenta is impermeable to insulin it is presumed that at birth insular function of fetus is relatively high and roughly equal to that of adult women at the end of pregnancy.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. G. Baranov) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 8, pp. 21–24, August, 1963     

At the innate frontiers between mother and fetus: linking abortion with complement activation

The intricate mechanisms regulating fetomaternal interactions are still largely uncharacterized. Recent papers have revealed a major role for the innate immune system during abortion. Different experimental conditions-deletion of a complement regulator, injection of anti-phospholipid antibodies into mothers, or allo-recognition of fetuses in the presence of an IDO inhibitor-all lead to complement activation, inflammation, and fetal loss. These observations also raise new questions on the relationship between the adaptive and innate systems during pregnancy.     

Immunological relationship between infectious cough in horses and human influenza A

Summary High CF antibody titers against the soluble (CAM) antigen of influenza A have been demonstrated in a large proportion of sera from horses suffering from an epizootic febrile cough. Significant rises in titers were found in 4 out of 5 cases in which acute phase serum samples could be obtained. The hemagglutination-inhibition test failed to reveal the presence of significant amounts of strain-specific antibodies against several known influenza A virus strains.     

促酰化蛋白水平与胎儿生长发育的关系研究

目的探讨脐血促酰化蛋白（ASP）水平与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法研究对象为大于胎龄儿（LGA）、适于胎龄儿（AGA）和小于胎龄儿（SGA）各30例。应用ELISA法测定血清和羊水ASP浓度、血清脂联素浓度,RIA法测定血清胰岛素和瘦素水平,用免疫比浊法测定血脂水平;并分析脐血ASP水平与母血和羊水ASP水平、胎盘重量、新生儿身长、性别、体质量、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、血脂、胰岛素、瘦素和脂联素水平,孕妇的体质量和BMI、血脂水平的相关性。结果①LGA的脐血ASP水平高于AGA,AGA的脐血ASP水平高于SGA,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;三组新生儿血脂水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②脐血ASP水平与新生儿出生体质量、身长、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、胰岛素、瘦素、脐血甘油三酯水平呈显著正相关（P〈0.001）,与血脂联素水平呈显著负相关（P〈0.001）,与母血和羊水ASP水平、胎盘重量无相关性（P〉0.05）。③男、女婴脐血ASP、血脂各成分水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论促酰化蛋白参与胎儿生长发育调节,脐血ASP水平可反映胎儿的生长发育状况。     

Experimental investigation of the passage of agglutinins from mother to fetus

Summary The agglutinin content of the blood of newborn and their mothers was studied in order to investigate the problem of the transplacental passage of antibodies.The investigations were carried out post partum in a lying-in hospital. There were observed 100 mothers and the same number of newborn. The results were checked experimentally in female rabbits and their offspring.It was established that transplacental passage of agglutinins from mother to fetus takes place. However, the titers of antibodies in the blood of the newborn were, as a rule, lower than the corresponding titers in the maternal blood. Consequently this passage of antibody cannot be considered to be simple filtration of antibodies through a semipermeable membrane.Presented by Active Member of the USSR Acad. Med. Sci. N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov     

胎儿脐膨出和腹裂的发生情况及胎儿结局比较

目的探讨并比较当前胎儿脐膨出和腹裂的发生情况及胎儿结局比较。方法对北京市海淀区妇幼保健院2005年1月1日至2008年12月31日期间20例诊断为胎儿脐膨出和腹裂的孕妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 （1）8例胎儿脐膨出,孕妇平均年龄32.60岁,12例胎儿腹裂,孕妇平均年龄29.4岁;胎儿脐膨出孕妇平均孕次2.2次,胎儿腹裂孕妇平均孕次3次,仅1例胎儿腹裂孕妇有1次自然流产史,其它无不良孕产史记录。在性别方面无差异,脐膨出发生率为1.8/万（8/44094）,胎儿腹裂的发生率为2.7/万（12/44094）。（2）4例脐膨出伴发其它结构异常（50%）,3例伴有心脏畸形,2例腹裂伴发其它结构异常（16.7%）;1例脐膨出胎儿染色体检查异常（12.5%）,无腹裂胎儿染色体检查异常。（3）脐膨出首次发现孕周为12～31周,腹裂首次发现孕周为14～37周,脐膨出产前B超诊断率100%,腹裂的诊断率为75%。3例诊断胎儿脐膨出时为死胎（37.5%）,其中1例为围产儿死亡（12.5%）,18例孕妇选择引产终止妊娠。结论脐膨出常伴有其他先天畸形及染色体异常,围产儿死亡率高。近年来胎儿腹裂的发生率高于脐膨出,由于腹裂胎儿预后好于脐膨出胎儿,应加强脐膨出与腹裂之间的B超鉴别诊断,从而降低围产儿死亡率。     

Immunological relationship between delta-hemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative strains of staphylococci.

Delta-hemolysin of coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains was immunologically identical to delta-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (Newman) but distinct from delta-hemolysin from a canine strain of S. aureus.