Current status of accelerated partial breast irradiation

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is a radiotherapy method used in breast-conserving therapy. In APBI, the tumor bed is topically irradiated over a short period after breast-conserving surgery. The fundamental concept underlying APBI is that more than 70% of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence occurs in the neighborhood of the original tumor, and that hypofractionated radiotherapy can be applied safely when the irradiated volume is small enough. It is expected to reduce the time and cost required for conventional whole breast irradiation while maintaining equivalent local control. Several techniques including multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy, intracavitary brachytherapy, intraoperative radiation therapy, and 3D conformal external beam radiation therapy have been proposed, and each of them has its own advantages and drawbacks. Although APBI is increasingly used in the United States and Europe, and the short-term results are promising, its equivalence with whole breast radiation therapy is not fully established. In addition, because the average breast size in Japan is considerably smaller than in the West world, the application of APBI to Japanese patients is technically more challenging. At this point, APBI is still an investigational treatment in Japan, and the optimal method of radiation delivery as well as its long-term efficacy and safety should be clarified in clinical trials.     

放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的价值

目的：进一步证实放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的重要性。方法：1994年12月～2001年12月本院共收治237例早期乳腺癌。其中83例做保乳手术。154例做改良根治术。保乳术后全部患者接受放疗。放疗的范围根据肿块的大小、部位、腋淋巴结是否受累而定。胸壁切线剂量予8MV—X线5000cGy。肿瘤瘤床加电子线1500cGy。改良根治术后仅3例作放疗。结果：保乳组和改良组局部复发各1人。保乳组区域淋巴结复发1例。改良组无区域淋巴结复发，有肝转移、肺转移各1人。两组各死亡1人。保乳组五年生存率96．49％，改良组98．61％。保乳组双侧乳房外形基本一致，柔软，有弹性。结论：早期乳腺癌保乳术加放射治疗，效果与改良根治术相似，并伴良好美容效果。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后加速部分乳腺照射的研究进展

早期乳腺癌保乳术后行全乳腺照射（whole breast irradiation,WBI）已成为乳腺癌的标准治疗模式之一，具有与根治术相似的效果。对于早期乳腺癌患者，加速部分乳腺照射（accelerated partial breast irradiation,APBI）作为全乳腺照射的替代治疗是临床研究热点，其特点是短时间内单纯对瘤床进行局部照射。本文将APBI的照射技术、剂量分割模式和人群选择作一综述。     

Bilateral breast-conserving therapy for bilateral breast cancer: Results and consideration of radiation technique

BACKGROUND: Although breast-conserving surgery followed by definitive irradiation is an established treatment for patients with early breast cancer, the role of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for patients with bilateral breast cancer has not been well studied and the radiation therapy technique is still under investigation. We examined the feasibility of breast-conserving therapy for bilateral breast cancer and present here our radiation therapy technique with CT simulator. METHODS: Between July 1990 and December 1998, we treated 17 patients with bilateral breast cancer who underwent bilateral breast-conserving surgery followed by definitive irradiation. Seven patients had synchronous bilateral breast cancer and ten had metachronous bilateral breast cancer. Radiation therapy consisted of 50 Gy to the bilateral whole breast in all patients but one. A CT simulator was used to plan a tangential radiation field to the breast in all patients. Boost irradiation of 10 Gy was administered to 8 tumors with close or positive margins. RESULTS: With a median follow-up periods of 95 months from each operation, no patients showed loco-regional recurrence on either side, and none suffered distant metastasis. Furthermore no serious late adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that BCT is feasible for bilateral breast cancer and the CT simulator is useful for determining the radiation field, especially when lesions are metachronous.     

Predictive factors for local recurrence in 2006 patients with surgically resected small breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Analyses of predictive factors for local recurrences are important, as an increasing number of patients with early breast cancer opt for a breast-conserving procedure. This study investigates whether factors predictive of local recurrence differ between patients treated with conservative or radical surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two thousands and six patients with invasive breast carcinoma (< or =25 mm) were included. Of these patients, 717 were treated conservatively (lumpectomy and breast irradiation) and 1289 were treated with total mastectomy. All patients had axillary dissection and received lymph node irradiation if axillary nodes were positive. Most patients did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy or additive hormonal treatments. The mean duration of follow-up was 20 years. The main end point was the total local recurrence rate. The risk factors of local recurrence were estimated by multivariate analyses and interaction tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS: Statistically significant predictive factors for mastectomized patients were histological grade, extensive axillary node involvement (10 nodes or more), and inner quadrant tumors, which were of borderline significance. Young age, however, was not a prognostic indicator for local recurrence. The main statistically significant factor for patients treated with a conservative approach was young age (< or =40 years). These younger patients had a five-fold increased risk of developing a breast recurrence compared with patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients with early breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery should in particular be followed up at regular intervals so that any sign of local failure can be diagnosed early.     

Breast-Conserving Therapy in Women with BRCA1/BRCA2-Associated Breast Cancer

In this article, the controversial issue of breast-conserving therapy (i.e., lumpectomy followed by whole breast irradiation) is reviewed. Given the relatively recent identification of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the mid-1990s, the expense associated with testing, and the inherent selection biases, the available literature has inherent limitations with relatively small patient numbers and lack of prospective randomized trials in this subset of patients. However, a number of retrospective and case-control studies have demonstrated acceptable results with breast-conserving surgery and radiation, although without active prophylactic measures to reduce secondary malignancies, late local in-breast relapses and contralateral secondary breast cancer events remain an issue. Acknowledging the limitations in the available data, there does not appear to be any evidence of compromised normal tissue reactions or compromised long-term survival rates in women electing breast-conserving surgery and radiation.     

Update on Partial Breast Irradiation

For early-stage breast cancer, partial breast irradiation (PBI) allows for reduction in the irradiated volume of normal tissues by confining the radiation target to the area surrounding the lumpectomy cavity after breast-conserving surgery. This approach has been supported by phase 2 data. However, widespread adoption of PBI has awaited the results of randomized controlled trials. This review discusses the results of randomized controlled trials comparing whole breast irradiation to PBI, including the recently published National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B39/Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0413, and the Canadian RAPID trials. PBI techniques, dose/fractionation schedules, and patient selection are also reviewed.     

左侧乳腺癌放疗相关心脏毒性的危险因素分析

 放射治疗是乳腺癌的重要治疗手段,由于左乳与心脏位置毗邻,设计照射野时常不能完全避开心脏。乳腺癌放射治疗增加了患缺血性心脏病、心包炎和瓣膜病的风险。年轻、高体重指数（body mass index, BMI）、肿瘤位于中央象限和胸骨旁区域与心脏受到高剂量辐射有关。放疗心脏毒性与放疗技术有很大关系,对于左乳切除术后放疗,多野调强适形放疗（IMRT）能够平衡靶区覆盖和正常组织受量,而左乳保乳术后放疗,采用双弧度容积旋转调强（VMAT）较多野IMRT更具优势。相比全乳照射,加速部分乳腺照射能够显著降低心脏剂量;而对于需要照射区域淋巴结的患者,采用容积旋转调强或螺旋断层放疗在减少心脏受量方面则显示出优势。相比自由呼吸,深吸气屏气放疗能够显著减少心脏和冠状动脉左前降支剂量;尤其是对于胸壁+区域淋巴结（包括内如淋巴结）放疗的患者采用深吸气屏气（deep inspiration breath hold, DIBH）放疗获益更多,而对于保乳术后仍为大乳腺的患者,采用俯卧位能减少心脏毒性。另外,左乳放疗期间同步曲妥珠单抗靶向治疗、芳香化酶抑制剂（aromatase inhibitors, AI）会影响心脏事件的发生。基于上述因素,在给左侧乳腺癌患者制定放疗计划时,应结合患者年龄、BMI、原发肿瘤位置、体型、术后乳腺大小、是否需要区域淋巴结照射,根据现有放疗设备,给予最优的放疗方案,同时减少增加心脏毒性的同步治疗,从而最大程度减少治疗导致的心脏不良反应。     

Early-stage bilateral breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation: The university of pennsylvania experience

: To determine whether patients with early-stage bilateral breast cancer can be treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery with acceptable survival, local control, complications, and cosmesis.

: During the period 1977–1992, 55 women with State 0, I, or II concurrent (n = 12) or sequential (n = 43) bilateral breast cancer were treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery. The records of these 55 patients with 110 treated breasts were reviewed for tumor size, histology, pathologic axillary lymph node status, first and overall site(s) of failure, and adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Curves for survival, local control, and regional control were determined. Cosmetic outcome, complication rates, and matching technique were analyzed. The median total radiation dose delivered was 64 Gy *range 42–72) using tangential whole-breast irradiation followed by an electron or iridium implant boost. The tangential fields were matched with no overlap in 40 patients (73%); there was overlap on skin of up to 4 cm in 14 patients. (25%); and the matching technique was unknown in 1 patient (2%). The median follow-up for the 12 women with concurrent bilateral breast cancer was 4.0 years. The median follow-up for the other 43 women with sequential cancer was 9.3 and 4.9 years, respectively, after the first and second cancers.

: For the overall group of 55 patients, the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 96% and 94%, respectively, after treatment of the first cancer, and 96% and 92%, respectively, after treatment of the second cancer. The 5- and 10-year actuarial relapse-free survival rates were 90% and 75%, respectively, after treatment of the first cancer, and 83% and 72%, respectively, after treatment of the second cancer. For the 110 treated breast cancers, th 5- and 10-year actuarial local failure rates were 5% and 15%, respectively. Complication rates were: 28% breast edema, 8% arm edema, 4% pneumonitis, 3% cellulitis, 1% rib fracture, and 1% brachial plexopathy; no patients developed matchline fibrosis. For patients with a minimum of 3 years of relapse-free follow-up, the rate of excellent or good cosmetic outcome for 104 treated beasts was 85%.

: Definitive irradiation after breast-consercing surgery is technically feasible for selected patients with concurrent or sequential early-stage bilateral breast cancer. Survival, local control, complication rates, and cosmetic outcomes appear comparable to historical reports of breast conservation treatment for unilateral disease. Bilateral definitive breast irradiation after breast-conservation surgery should be considered an acceptable alternative treatment to bilatera; mastectomy for selected patients with concurrent or sequential early-stage bilateral breast cancer.     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳放疗替代模式

全乳房照射已被用于降低早期乳腺癌保乳术后同侧乳腺肿瘤复发的风险,并且多项随机临床试验和荟萃分析已经证明这一放疗模式安全有效,但随着放疗技术的进步以及患者生存期的延长,这种标准治疗模式目前也面临着一些挑战,其替代模式受到了越来越多的关注.其中部分乳腺照射、全乳大分割放疗、省略放疗针对不同的乳腺癌患者,疗效与全乳腺常规照射相当,且降低了不良反应,同时缩短了治疗时程,减轻了患者负担,值得在临床推广应用.     

Repeat breast-conserving surgery for in-breast local breast carcinoma recurrence: the potential role of partial breast irradiation

Mastectomy is the current standard of care for in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to critically review the rationale for and the theoretic and actual risks and benefits of repeat breast-conserving surgery followed by partial breast irradiation (PBI) for in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The main outcomes of interest were local control and survival after in-breast local recurrence and side effects, complications, and cosmesis after reirradiation of the breast. The risk of local recurrence was not found to be eliminated with mastectomy; approximately 2-32% of patients treated with mastectomy develop a chest wall recurrence. The interpretation of local control rates in evaluating repeat breast-conserving surgery studies is difficult because of the lack of information regarding preoperative diagnostic mammography to rule out concurrent multicentric disease and microscopic margin status after surgery. Rates of subsequent local recurrence in these studies appeared to be between 19-50%, similar to reported rates of in-breast local recurrence in patients with a first diagnosis of breast carcinoma who were treated with conservative surgery without irradiation. Early follow-up studies of breast reirradiation suggest that catheter-based interstitial brachytherapy and standard external beam radiation therapy can be delivered to the breast more than once without significant side effects in most patients and with acceptable cosmesis in some patients. Mastectomy may not be necessary in all patients with an in-breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. Recent advances in conformal radiation delivery and single-center published reports concerning repeat breast-conserving therapy support well designed prospective trials to formally test this hypothesis.     

Bilateral breast carcinoma treated with definitive irradiation

From 1977 to 1987, 30 women were treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery for bilateral carcinoma of the breast for a total of 60 treated breasts. Eleven women presented with concurrent bilateral carcinoma, and 19 women had sequential bilateral carcinoma. Pathologic axillary staging was performed in 51 of the 60 treated breasts. A total dose of greater than or equal to 6,000 cGy was delivered from breast tangential irradiation plus an electron or Iridium boost to 95% (57/60) of the treated breasts. A third field was used to treat the regional axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes bilaterally in three women (10%) and unilaterally in ten women (33%). Tangential fields were matched at midline in 17 patients, and in ten patients, the tangential fields overlapped by up to 3 cm on skin. In two patients, the tangential fields were matched to an internal mammary nodal field, and in one patient, tangential fields were matched to a mediastinal field given for postoperative radiotherapy for lung cancer. For the overall group of 30 patients, the 5-year actuarial NED survival following treatment of the first breast cancer was 79%, and the 5-year actuarial relapse-free survival was 72%. For the 60 treated breasts, the 5-year actuarial local failure rate was 6%. An analysis of complications and cosmesis showed results similar to previously reported results for unilateral breast cancer. These results show that definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery for patients with bilateral breast cancer can technically be delivered with low complication rates and with acceptable survival and local control rates. Definitive irradiation should be considered as an acceptable alternative treatment to bilateral mastectomy for appropriately selected patients with concurrent or sequential bilateral early stage carcinoma of the breast.     

The treatment outcome of patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy: the clinical role of postoperative radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Treatment outcome was evaluated in patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy and tangential irradiation. After verifying background factors including systemic therapy, the clinical efficacy of postoperative irradiation was investigated. METHOD: There were 708 study subjects, all of whom had early breast cancer treated between 1992 and 2002. The median follow-up period was 83 months. After breast-conserving surgery, in patients with negative surgical margins, only tangential irradiation at 48 Gy/24 fr was performed. In contrast, in those with positive surgical margins, 10 Gy of radiation boost to the tumor bed with electrons was administered after tangential irradiation with 50 Gy/25 fr. Treatment outcome was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The disease-free survival and no-recurrence rates within the ipsilateral breast after 5 years were 93.4 and 97.2%, respectively. Risk factors for recurrence within the ipsilateral breast included younger age of patient, the number of positive lymph nodes, and no endocrine therapy. However, the surgical margin was not a risk factor. Risk factors for relapse outwith the ipsilateral breast included younger age, the number of positive lymph nodes, and recurrence within the ipsilateral breast. CONCLUSIONS: From our analysis of 708 Japanese women who received breast-conserving therapy, which can be regarded as a standard method in Japan, the treatment outcome was compatible with previous reports from other countries.     

The treatment outcome of patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy: the clinical role of postoperative radiotherapy

Background  Treatment outcome was evaluated in patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy and tangential irradiation. After verifying background factors including systemic therapy, the clinical efficacy of postoperative irradiation was investigated. Method  There were 708 study subjects, all of whom had early breast cancer treated between 1992 and 2002. The median follow-up period was 83 months. After breast-conserving surgery, in patients with negative surgical margins, only tangential irradiation at 48 Gy/24 fr was performed. In contrast, in those with positive surgical margins, 10 Gy of radiation boost to the tumor bed with electrons was administered after tangential irradiation with 50 Gy/25 fr. Treatment outcome was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. Results  The disease-free survival and no-recurrence rates within the ipsilateral breast after 5 years were 93.4 and 97.2%, respectively. Risk factors for recurrence within the ipsilateral breast included younger age of patient, the number of positive lymph nodes, and no endocrine therapy. However, the surgical margin was not a risk factor. Risk factors for relapse outwith the ipsilateral breast included younger age, the number of positive lymph nodes, and recurrence within the ipsilateral breast. Conclusions  From our analysis of 708 Japanese women who received breast-conserving therapy, which can be regarded as a standard method in Japan, the treatment outcome was compatible with previous reports from other countries. Presented in part at the 19th meeting of the Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (JASTRO), 23–25 November 2006, Sendai, Japan.     

乳房保留术后野中野正向调强全乳房照射的腋窝淋巴结剂量学研究

目的 研究早期乳腺癌患者保乳术后采用野中野正向调强技术进行单纯乳房照射时各站腋窝淋巴结剂量分布及影响因素。方法 37例乳腺癌患者保乳术后采用“野中野”技术照射乳房,在定位CT图像上勾画患侧第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站和胸肌间淋巴结靶区,并勾画腋静脉,在三维放疗计划软件上逐站分析其所接受的剂量。配对t检验分析影响腋窝淋巴结剂量分布的因素。结果 在全乳PTV处方剂量50 Gy分25次情况下,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站和胸肌间淋巴结被95%处方剂量所包括体积比平均值分别为34.7%、6.1%、0.4%和39.6%,D_mean分别为30.8、15.7、5.0 Gy和28.8 Gy;腋静脉以下和以上淋巴结区域被95%处方剂量包括的体积比为45.6%和0.7%,D_mean为38.2 Gy和6.7 Gy。乳房照射野的上界距离肱骨头的距离是影响腋静脉以下淋巴结区域D_mean的唯一有意义因素(P=0.037)。结论 全乳正向调强野中野技术对腋静脉以下腋窝淋巴结的实际照射剂量是不可忽略的,必须在分析保乳术后腋窝淋巴结控制率时予以考虑。     

A case of metachronous bilateral Breast Cancer with bilateral radiation pneumonitis after breast-conserving therapy

We report a patient with metachronous bilateral breast cancer who has twice developed radiation pneumonitis after breast-conserving therapy for each breast. The patient was a 48-year-old woman, who presented with Stage I right breast cancer. After wide excision of the right breast tumor and dissection of level I axillary lymph nodes, systemic therapy with oral 5-FU and tamoxifen was started. Subsequently, tangential irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was given. Seven months after irradiation, she developed respiratory symptoms and radiation pneumonitis was diagnosed. The symptoms resolved with oral prednisolone. Thirty months after the right breast cancer treatment, Stage I left breast cancer was diagnosed. After wide excision of the left breast tumor and partial removal of the level I axillary lymph nodes, the same oral systemic chemo-hormonal therapy was initiated. Thereafter, tangential irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was given. Four months after irradiation, she developed respiratory symptoms. A chest X-ray showed an area of increased density in the left lung consistent with radiation pneumonitis. The symptoms were mild and they improved spontaneously without medication. Although there is insufficient evidence to justify or withhold whole breast radiation therapy from patients with a history of contralateral breast cancer and radiation pneumonitis, it is essential to discuss the adequacy of whole breast irradiation and the possibility of alternative approaches, such as breast-conserving surgery without irradiation or partial breast irradiation for this rare condition.     

Current status and perspectives of brachytherapy for breast cancer

Before the era of breast-conserving therapy, brachytherapy implants were used to treat large inoperable breast tumors. In later years, interstitial brachytherapy with rigid needles or multiple flexible catheters has been used to deliver an additional (boost) dose to the tumor bed after breast-conserving surgery and whole-breast irradiation. Reexcision followed by reirradiation using interstitial breast implants has also been implemented as an alternative to mastectomy to treat ipsilateral breast local recurrence after previous breast-conserving therapy. In the past two decades, the new concept of accelerated partial breast irradiation opened a new perspective for breast brachytherapy. The first technique utilized in early accelerated partial breast irradiation studies was multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy. Beyond classical interstitial brachytherapy, recently, new intracavitary applicators have been developed in the United States to decrease the existing barriers against the widespread use of multicatheter brachytherapy. Furthermore, interstitial low-dose-rate seed implants have also been implemented as an alternative for stepping-source multicatheter brachytherapy. In this article, we give an overview of the past achievements, current status, and future perspectives of breast brachytherapy.     

Altered fractionation: rationale and justification for whole and partial breast hypofractionated radiotherapy

Over the last 2 decades, we have seen major advances in the application of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. Two important contributions are the use of whole-breast hypofractionation and accelerated partial-breast irradiation. Three large randomized trials comparing whole-breast hypofractionation versus conventional fractionation for early breast cancer have shown similar rates of local recurrence and morbidity. As a result, whole-breast hypofractionation is now an option for selected patients after breast-conserving surgery. The delivery of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) has been studied using techniques of multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy, balloon-based brachytherapy, external-beam radiotherapy, and intraoperative radiotherapy. Multiple single and multi-institutional data have been published indicating good long-term results with APBI (in highly selected, low-risk patients) in terms of tumor control and toxicity. However, the long-term results of large, phase III trials comparing APBI with whole-breast irradiation are still pending.     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后大分割放疗Ⅱ期临床研究——中期安全性及有效性分析

背景与目的：乳腺癌保乳术后全乳大分割放疗的安全性和有效性在多项随机临床试验中已经得到证实，但全乳大分割瘤床同期加量的放疗模式目前仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨中国人群早期乳腺癌保乳术后大分割放疗同期瘤床加量的安全性及有效性。方法：前瞻性入组保乳术后切缘阴性、病理诊断为浸润性癌、分期pT_1-2N₀M₀、术中瘤床钛夹标记的患者接受全乳大分割同期瘤床加量放疗（ClinicalTrail.gov: NCT02617043）。放疗处方剂量为全乳计划靶体积（planned target volume，PTV） 40 Gy/15次/3周，同期瘤床加量至48 Gy/15次/3周。放疗后评估急性不良反应、美容效果以及预后。结果：2015年1月—2016年8月，共计358例患者前瞻性连续性入组本研究。患者中位年龄45岁（25~71岁），71.2%（255例）为绝经前的年轻女性，其中T1和T2患者分别为276例（77.1%）和82例（22.9%）。放疗期间及放疗后3个月内，53.6%和8.1%的患者出现Ⅰ~Ⅱ度的放射性皮炎，主要表现为放疗区红斑（38.8%）以及放疗后干性脱皮（41.3%）。13例（3.6%）患者出现湿性脱皮，主要位于乳头、乳晕区，无Ⅲ度以上放射性皮炎。4例Ⅰ度放射性肺炎，1例Ⅲ度放射性肺炎。美容效果自评“极好”和“好”率分别为37.0%和44.8%。中位随访28.3个月（6.0~40.7个月），3例患者出现局部区域复发，4例远处转移（2例合并复发），2年无病生存率（disease-free survival，DFS）为98.6%。结论：对于早期乳腺癌保乳术后患者，全乳大分割同期瘤床加量放疗不良反应轻、耐受性好，具有一定的安全性及有效性，其晚期不良反应以及对疾病局部控制的有效性仍需长期随访来证实。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术后10年局部复发与部分乳腺放疗

目的:总结早期乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发的表现,分析全乳放疗的作用。方法:1990年4月至1995年12月保乳治疗原发性早期乳腺癌49例。行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术40例,单纯肿块局部广泛切除术9例。术后全乳切线加瘤床放疗39例,全乳切线照射整个乳房,6-MVX线,中平面剂量45GY,瘤床补加电子束剂量15GY。结果:本组10年复发3例,占6.12%(3/49),均为非浸润性癌。术后不加全乳放疗组局部复发率高(2.56%与20.00%)。行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫手术组局部复发率低于单纯肿块局部广泛切除术组(2.5%与22.22%)。局部复发病例100%为原位复发。结论:保乳术后放疗是必要的,只限于肿瘤邻近区域足够剂量的放疗方式应该是可行的。