丙硫咪唑治疗后绵羊细粒棘球蚴囊壁的透射电镜观察

透射电镜观察到丙硫咪唑治疗后绵羊原发性细粒棘球蚴囊壁角质层疏松,局域性坏死;生发膜皮层区微绒毛脱落或消失,远端胞浆中出现巨大空泡;生发膜细胞胞浆疏松,细胞器排列紊乱,微管局限性扩张、破裂,线粒体空泡化,高尔基复合体解体,核膜完整性受损,溶酶体增大、增多。提示丙硫咪唑对绵羊原发性细粒棘球蚴有广泛的细胞内效应。     

小鼠腹腔继发性细粒棘球蚴的透射电镜观察

本文用透射电镜观察了感染2个月、3个月和6个月的小鼠腹腔继发性细粒棘球蚴。重点描述了6个月的细粒棘球蚴囊壁的超微结构。在生发膜皮层区基部见到线粒体;微毛间见到“吞饮泡”样质膜凹陷,推测细粒棘球蚴生发膜的皮层区不仅是一个简单的物理屏障,而且很可能也是一个复杂的生理、生化屏障。     

放射治疗对子午沙鼠骨棘球蚴囊病理改变的影响

目的 观察骨棘球蚴病在放射治疗后棘球蚴囊的病理改变,探讨放射治疗骨棘球蚴病的临床效果.方法 从自然感染细粒棘球蚴的羊肝脏中无菌取出子囊,剪碎、去除囊皮,用0.9％无菌生理盐水冲洗、沉淀,反复3次,HE染色计数,制成含头节为12×106个/L的混悬液20ml.健康子午沙鼠(简称沙鼠)140只,雌雄各半,鼠龄2～3个月,体质量(38±6)g.将含棘球蚴头节悬液按每只0.2 ml注入沙鼠后腿胫骨骨膜下,12个月后拍摄X光片.根据接种部位骨骼破坏情况,以沙鼠后腿胫骨有明确锯齿状骨质破坏为纳入标准,选取沙鼠骨细粒棘球蚴病动物模型72只,雌雄各半.将72只沙鼠按体质量随机分成4组:对照组、40贝可勒尔放射(Gy)组、50 Gy组、60Gy组,每组18只,雌雄各半.采用分次放疗法,分5次进行,每次放疗间隔2d,照射剂量率为300 cGy/min.放疗后处死各组沙鼠,无菌条件下取出放疗区骨内细粒棘球蚴囊,用于光镜和电镜下观察.抽取囊内囊液,将囊液用0.9％的无菌生理盐水反复冲洗、沉淀,取最后沉渣,HE染色,光镜下观察头节形态及活动情况.结果 对照组囊液中细粒棘球蚴头节形态、活动正常;40 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节形态尚正常,活动较对照组差,但未被红染;50 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节形态异常、变形萎缩、红染;60 Gy组细粒棘球蚴头节红染、变形,且有碎裂迹象,周围有不明颗粒包绕.光镜下,对照组照射区细粒棘球蚴囊角质层、生发层育囊及原头节组织学结构基本正常;40Gy组以细粒棘球蚴囊变性为主,结构失常,角质层广泛水肿,生发层变薄,育囊少见;50 Gy组角质层广泛断裂,且生发层部分出现水肿,屈曲皱褶明显,细胞减少,少见育囊及头节;60Gy组以细粒棘球蚴囊坏死为主,角质层广泛断裂,角质层与生发层分离,生发层萎缩、紊乱,未见育囊及头节.电镜下,对照组细粒棘球蚴囊角质层结构清晰,微绒毛排列整齐,生发层细胞及细胞器结构、形态正常;40 Gy组细粒棘球蚴囊生发层内可见大量炎性细胞浸润,微绒毛内微丝及内容物减少;50 Gy组细粒棘球蚴囊微绒毛基本消失,核膜模糊不清,内质网、线粒体扩张,淋巴细胞核染色质结块边集,呈环状排列;60Gy组微绒毛基本消失,核膜界限不清破裂,部分核仁碎裂、边集,内质网广泛扩张,线粒体固缩及明显空泡变,淋巴细胞核染色质结块边集,溶酶体及巨噬细胞出现.结论 放射治疗可破坏骨棘球蚴囊的形态与结构,放射活度在50 Gy时对棘球蚴具有致死作用,放射方法治疗骨棘球蚴病具有良好的临床效果.     

小鼠细粒棘球蚴不育囊的超微结构观察

用透射电镜观察了小鼠细粒棘球蚴不育囊的超微结构。其囊壁由角皮层和生发膜构成,角度层含有纤维基质和不规则形颗粒,生发膜又可分皮层区和细胞区。在皮层区基部见到线粒体,微毛间见到“吞饮泡”样质膜凹陷;在细胞区主要有皮层细胞、肌细胞、含糖原细胞等,在有的含糖原细胞中还见到“核仁管系统。”     

青海不同株细粒棘球绦虫成虫的超微结构研究

运用透射电镜和扫描电镜分别观察了青岛海高原牦牛和藏羊源原头蚴感染犬后细粒棘球绦虫成虫的超微结构。结果表明两源细粒棘球绦虫成虫的表面结构和皮层结构相似。这些形态结构特点与文献报道明显不同，提示青海高原存在不同株的细粒棘球绦虫。     

青海高原不同宿主源细粒棘球蚴的病原生物学考察

本文对我国青海高原牦牛和绵羊体内原发性细粒棘球蚴的病原生物学进行了考察。结果表明牦牛细粒棘球蚴的感染率和钙化率显著高于绵羊源(P<0.01);牦牛肝脏感染和肺脏感染无明显差异(各占34.14％和31.20％),绵羊则绝大多数寄生于肝脏(50.76％),肺脏较少(13.40％),肝、肺均感染者与牦牛相近(34.26％和32.58)。牦牛肝脏棘球蚴的钙化率高(73.00％),育囊率低(69.51％),但肺脏棘球蚴与绵羊肝、肺脏棘球蚴的钙化率相近(分别为20.15％、28.00％和18.04％),育囊率均高(分别为94.58％、91.76％和90.00％)。人体棘球蚴的育囊率达100.00％。对各源棘球蚴内的原头节测量结果表明不论原头节寄生在何种宿主,其肺脏原头节总是大于肝脏原头节(P<0.01);同源肝、肺脏原头节的吻钩大小无显著差异(P>0.05)。牦牛棘球蚴体积较绵羊的大,但原头节却小的多(P<0.01),且二者原头节吻钩的多项测量指标之间存在显著的差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。上述结果提示对这种差异不应仅以棘球蚴寄生在不同宿主来解释,还应考虑到该地区是否存在不同宿主的细粒棘球绦虫虫株。     

新疆绵羊源和骆驼源细粒棘球蚴超微结构的初步比较观察

用透射电镜对新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊源和骆驼源细粒棘球蚴囊壁及原头节标本的超微结构进行观察，发现二者之间在囊壁角质层和原头节生发层结构上有明显区别。绵羊源囊壁角质层高电子密度颗粒多，密度大，形成显著的板层状结构；原头节生发层远端胞浆厚，含有多量囊泡。     

丙硫咪唑治疗家畜棘球蚴病的实验研究

用国产丙硫咪唑对自然感染的绵羊和牦牛体内原发性细粒棘球蚴进行了治疗试验。结果表明各治疗组棘球蚴和棘球蚴内原头蚴的死亡率均显著高于相应的对照组(P<0.01)。提示国产丙硫咪唑对原发性细粒棘球蚴有较好的驱杀效果。药物剂量的大小、宿主种属的差异及棘球蚴寄居部位的不同等均可影响治疗效果。     

原发性脾棘球蚴病1例报道

棘球蚴病由细粒棘球绦虫或多房棘球绦虫引起。人是其中间宿主。当误食虫卵后，六钩蚴经肠壁随血循环侵入组织，主要是肺和肝。孤立的原发性脾棘球蚴病很罕见。继发性的脾棘球蚴病主要是自发的或者手术引起的肝棘球蚴囊的破裂导致原头节向脾播散。这里介绍第一例用超声介导的细针诊断技术诊断的原发性脾棘球蚴病。     

阿苯达唑亚砜和吡喹酮长疗程对细粒棘球蚴生发层超微结构的影响

感染继发性细粒棘球蚴的小鼠口服阿苯达唑亚砜150mg/kg·d×28d 时,细粒棘球蚴囊的生发层超微结构的变化主要是皮层受损、皮层细胞核周胞质广泛溶解和空泡形成、线粒体肿大和变性等,与阿苯达唑相仿。感染小鼠口服吡喹酮500mg/kg·d,连给3个月时,生发层超微结构的变化与给药15～30d 的相仿。动物剖检时仅少数囊塌陷和干瘪。这些囊的超微结构于停药6个月后仍示有严重损害。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。