鼠疫菌外膜蛋白单克隆抗体制备及初步应用

应用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ，蛋白免疫印迹（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ）、单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）等技术，对鼠疫菌外膜蛋白（ＯＭＰ）组成成分及免疫学特性进行了研究、在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱上，鼠疫菌锡林郭勒高原型较其他型强、弱毒菌少一条亚基分子量为３２ＫＤ的蛋白带。以ＥＶ７６ｐ、ＥＶ苗的ＯＭＰ为免疫原，所获抗体进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析，认为ＯＭＰ具有良好的免疫原性及免疫反应性。采用杂交瘤技术，得到七株抗鼠疫菌的ＭｃＡｂ。四株为ＩｇＧ，三株为ＩｇＭ。经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ鉴定。四株ＭｃＡｂ抗ＯＭＰ的分子量，４Ｇ５株为２１０ＫＤ，３Ｂ９、ＩＤ１０株为４０ＫＤ，２Ｃ６株为１０ＫＤ。以七株ＭＣＡｂ对鼠疫菌强、弱毒株３２株作全菌体ＥＬＩＳＡ进行鼠疫菌分型的初步研究发现，３Ｂ９株ＭｃＡｂ与２４株强毒菌发生阳性反应，而不与弱毒菌反应；１Ｄ１０株与锡型及弱毒菌不发生反应，与其它强毒菌发生阳性反应。     

鼠疫菌外膜蛋白单克降抗体制备及初步应用

应用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ，蛋白免疫印迹（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ），单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）等技术，对鼠疫菌外膜蛋白（ＯＭＰ）组成成分及免疫学特性进行了研究。在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱上，鼠疫菌锡林郭勒高原型较其他型强，弱毒菌少一条亚基分子量为３２ＫＤ的蛋白带。以ＥＶ７６Ｐ，ＥＶ苗的ＯＭＰ为免疫原，所获抗体进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析，认为ＯＭＰ具有良好的免疫原性及免疫反应性。采用杂交瘤技术，得到七株抗鼠     

抗恶性疟原虫复合重组抗原单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及其体外抑制试验

目的制备抗恶性疟原虫单克隆抗体,为疟疾诊断及疟疾疫苗等方面的研究提供良好的材料。方法以恶性疟原虫复合重组融合蛋白为免疫原,经细胞融合及ＥＬＩＳＡ方法筛选获得阳性杂交瘤细胞。对其中３株２Ｈ１２、３Ｄ５、４Ｅ５进行了染色体核型分析,对其分泌的单克隆抗体作ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ及Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ鉴定,并初步观察了３株单抗对恶性疟原虫（海南分离株）的体外抑制作用。结果两次细胞融合共获得８株阳性克隆,其中３株即２Ｈ１２、３Ｄ５、４Ｅ５的ＯＤ值超过阳性对照,传至２０代以上经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测仍呈强阳性反应,将其腹腔接种给ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠获得血性腹水,抗体滴度为１∶１２８００。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ及Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ分析显示３株单抗均与相应蛋白发生特异性反应。抑制试验结果表明：３株单抗对恶性疟原虫的体外生长和发育均有一定的抑制作用,抑制率分别为４９％±３％、７６％±６％、４１％±２％。结论已获得稳定分泌抗恶性疟原虫复合重组抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。     

CD86对抗原引起气道嗜酸细胞浸润和气道高反应性作用的研究

目的　探讨ＣＤ８６ 分子对抗原引起气道炎症和气道高反应性的影响,加深认识ＣＤ８６ 在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法　应用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ 小鼠（ 每组８ 只） 以诱导嗜酸细胞（ＥＯＳ）聚集到气道,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ） 细胞并以流式细胞仪检测ＣＤ８６ 分子的表达水平;观察静脉注射抗ＣＤ８６ 单克隆抗体后ＢＡＬＦ中ＥＯＳ数和气道反应性的变化。结果　小鼠经抗原致敏和刺激后ＢＡＬＦ中可以见到大量的ＥＯＳ,气道反应性亦明显升高,ＢＡＬＦ细胞所表达的ＣＤ８６ 水平也随之增高。经抗ＣＤ８６ 单克隆抗体处理后,ＢＡＬＦ中ＥＯＳ数降低了６７％ （ Ｐ＜０－０１）;同时,气道反应性也下降６９％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０１）。此外,抗ＣＤ８６ 单克隆抗体还可以抑制肺组织局部白细胞介素４ 和白细胞介素５ 的产生。结论　抗ＣＤ８６ 单克隆抗体能够抑制气道ＥＯＳ浸润和降低气道反应性,其作用机制可能是通过抑制局部白细胞介素４ 和白细胞介素５ 产生而实现。提示抑制气道抗原呈递细胞的活性应有益于哮喘的治疗。     

中国新疆两株Borreliaburgdorferi──XjI_3和XjI_（1

作者用Ｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ＳＤＳ一ＰＡＧＥ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析了两株分离自中国新疆的Ｂｏｒｒｅｌｉａ ｂｕｒｇｄｏｒｆｅｒｉ─—ＸｊＩ＿３和ＸｊＩ＿（１２）株的主要蛋白组分及其生物学属性。ＸｊＩ３和ＸｊＩ＿（１２）均具有４１ｋＤ鞭毛蛋白和６０ｋＤＣＡ蛋白，均缺失３４ｋＤ蛋白。ＸｊＩ＿（１２）具有３３ｋＤ的ＯｓｐＡ蛋白，而ＸｊＩ＿３缺失该蛋白，但具有丰富的２３ｋＤ蛋白。     

乙型肝炎表面抗原“免疫逃避”突变体在哺乳动物细胞中的表达

利用乙型肝炎病毒ＤＮＡ开放框架上的ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｐａＩ位点，酶切消化质粒载体ＰＥｃｏｂ６（含双拷贝ＨＢＶＤＮＡ），得到约９００ｂｐ的ＨＢＶ－Ｓ基因片断。将其插入到噬菌粒载体ＰＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｓｋ＋的ＳｍａＩ位点上。然后通过体外寡核苷酸介导的人工定点突变获得一系列（共１２种）Ｓ基因“免疫逃避”突变型。再通过ＥＢ病毒真核表达载体ｐＭＥＰ４上的ＢａｍＨＩ和Ｋｐｎｌ位点将噬菌粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｓｋ＋上的Ｓ基因突变型片断定向克隆到ＰＭＥＰ４上，从而构建了含乙肝Ｓ基因突变型的重组质粒ｐＭＥＰ４ＨＢＳＭ。用其转染人肝癌传代细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２，经潮霉素选择，三周后获得抗性细胞克隆。经用抗ＨＢｓ单克隆抗体（含针对ＨＢｓＡｇ“ａ”抗原决定簇）检测除含变异体１４５（即１４５位上甘氨酸为精氨酸替代）外其余抗变异体ＨＢｓＡｇ均为阳性。经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ证实变异体１４５，在分子量约为２３ＫＤ处有一特异ＨＢｓＡｇ蛋白带。     

CD86对抗原引起气道嗜酸细胞浸润和气道高反应性作用？…

目的 探讨ＣＤ８６分子对抗原引起气道炎症和气道高反应性的影响,加深认识ＣＤ８６在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法 应用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠以诱导嗜酸细胞（ＥＯＳ）聚集到气道,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ０细胞并以流式细胞仪检测ＣＤ８６分子的表达水平;观察静脉注射抗ＣＤ８６单克隆抗体后ＢＡＬＦ中ＥＯＳ数和气道反应性的变化。     

在大肠杆菌中高效表达人I型免疫缺陷病毒p24蛋白

目的 表达人Ｉ型免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）衣壳蛋白ｐ２４，为制备抗ｐ２４单克隆抗体及其诊断抗原奠定基础。方法 将编码ＨＩＶ－１ｐ２４蛋白的ｐ２４＾ｇａｇ基因片段，克隆到原核表达载体ｐＥＴ－１７ｂ的Ｔ７噬菌体启动子下游，构建重组表达质粒，转化大肠肝菌ＢＬ２（ＤＥ３），ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达，表达产物以ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ，Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ及点免疫印迹分析，结果 构建成功重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ２４经Ｉ     

抗基因及反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制N－ras表达及对肝癌细胞增殖的影响

探讨抗基因及反义寡核苷酸对肝癌的潜在治疗作用。方法合成了针对Ｎ－ｒａｓ转录、翻译起始区的１２ｍｅｒ硫代磷酸抗基因寡脱氧核苷酸（Ｓ－ＯＤＨａｎ）、１９ｍｅｒ硫代磷酸反义寡脱氧核苷酸（Ｓ－ＯＤＮＡａｓ）。采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、斑点杂交法分别检测了寡脱氧核苷酸处理的肝癌ＢＥＬ７４０２细胞内ｐ２１、Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ水平，观察了对ＢＥＬ７４０２肝癌细胞生长的影响。结果处理细胞内Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ水平低于对照组，以Ｓ－ＯＤＮａｎ组更明显。两者对ｐ２１合成的抑制率达８０％，６７．５％。两者的细胞生长抑制率达８８％、７７％，并呈剂量依赖性。两者处理的细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入降低为对照组的２１．８％、３０．５５％；ＡＦＰ水平明显低于对照组（Ｐ直＜０．００１）。结论Ｓ－ＯＤＮａｎ．Ｓ－ＤＤＮａｓ能有效抑制Ｎ－ｒａｓ表达及相关肝癌细胞增殖；也进一步说明Ｎ－ｒａｓ在肝癌发生中起作重要作用。     

中国新疆两株Borrelia burgdorferi—XjI3和XjI12的SDS—PAGE分析

作者用Ｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析了两株分离自中国新疆的Ｂｏｒｒｅｌｉａ ｂｕｒｇｄｏｒｆｅｒｉ－ＸｊＩ３和ＸｊＩ１２株的主要蛋白组分及其生物学属性。ＸｊＩ３和ＸｊＩ１２均具有４１ｋＤ鞭毛蛋白和６０ｋＤＣＡ蛋白，均缺失３４ｋＤ蛋白。ＸｊＩ１２具有３３ｋＤ的ＯｓｐＡ蛋白，而ＸｊＩ３缺失该蛋白，但具有丰富的２３ｋＤ蛋白。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.