缺血预适应在老年急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的探讨心肌缺血预适应在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)中的临床意义。方法对124例老年AMI患者,按梗死前48h有无心绞痛分为缺血预适应组(IPC,n=68)、无缺血预适应组(NIPC,n=56),对比两组患者的临床资料。结果IPC组比NIPC组的心肌梗死范围小(P<0.05),血清心肌酶学峰值低(P<0.05),恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、室壁瘤发生率及病死率均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论心肌缺血预适应具有保护心肌、缩小梗死范围,减少并发症及改善老年患者近期预后的作用。     

梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的通过对有无梗死前心绞痛的急性心肌梗死患者免疫标志物的测定,研究梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌的保护作用。方法观察梗死前心绞痛组(48例)和无梗死前心绞痛组(40例)在住院期间严重心律失常、心功能不全、心源性休克的发生情况及住院期间的病死率;比较两组心肌梗死面积、心室功能、冠状动脉造影结果;测定两组免疫炎症反应标志物水平。结果梗死前心绞痛组严重心律失常发生率、心功能不全发生率、住院期间病死率明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组;梗死前心绞痛组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、左室收缩末容量(LVESV)、左室舒张末容量(LVEDV)明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组,左室射血分数(LVEF)高于无梗死前心绞痛组;冠状动脉造影显示梗死前心绞痛组冠状动脉多支病变多,梗死区周围侧支循环丰富;梗死前心绞痛组白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组,IgE明显高于无梗死前心绞痛组。结论梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌有保护作用。     

梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的 通过对有无梗死前心绞痛的急性心肌梗死患者免疫标志物的测定，研究梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌的保护作用。方法观察梗死前心绞痛组（48例）和无梗死前心绞痛组（40例）在住院期间严重心律失常、心功能不全、心源性休克的发生情况及住院期间的病死率；比较两组心肌梗死面积、心室功能、冠状动脉造影结果；测定两组免疫炎症反应标志物水平。结果梗死前心绞痛组严重心律失常发生率、心功能不全发生率、住院期间病死率明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组；梗死前心绞痛组肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK—MB）、左室收缩末容量（LVESV）、左室舒张末容量（LVEDV）明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组，左室射血分数（LVEF）高于无梗死前心绞痛组；冠状动脉造影显示梗死前心绞痛组冠状动脉多支病变多，梗死区周围侧支循环丰富；梗死前心绞痛组自细胞计数、C-反应蛋白明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组，IgE明显高于无梗死前心绞痛组。结论梗死前心绞痛诱发的免疫炎症反应对心肌有保护作用。     

急性心肌梗死前有无心绞痛对临床及预后的影响

目的：探讨心肌梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死（AMI）临床及预后的影响。方法：对149例AMI患者的临床资料进行分析，按心肌梗死前有无心绞痛分为心绞痛和无心绞痛2组，观察其心肌梗死范围、心肌酶峰值、严重心律失常、Kollip Ⅱ级以上泵衰竭、左室射血分数（LVEF）、梗死后心绞痛和病死率。结果：心绞痛组小面积心肌梗死发生率和LVEF高于无心绞痛组，而肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）及其同工酶（CK-MB）峰值、Kollip Ⅱ级以上泵衰竭、梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常均明显低于无心绞痛组，2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：梗死前心绞痛对AMI的缺血心肌具有保护作用，其机制可能与缺血预适应有关。     

老年急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗的观察

目的 本文旨在观察老年急性心肌梗死后静脉溶栓疗效。方法 对60岁以上AMI患者201例,静脉溶栓治疗组86例,与未溶栓组115例进行比较。结果 观察溶栓组再通率36％,而溶栓后心律失常发生率明显升高,梗死后心绞痛、心源性休克发生例数明显减少。结论 溶栓治疗有益老年AMI患者的临床预后,但延迟溶栓治疗时间和老年人冠状动脉复杂病变可能影响溶栓疗效。     

老年急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓治疗的观察

目的本文旨在观察老年急性心肌梗死后静脉溶栓疗效.方法对60岁以上AMI患者201例,静脉溶栓治疗组86例,与未溶栓组115例进行比较.结果观察溶栓组再通率36%,而溶栓后心律失常发生率明显升高,梗死后心绞痛、心源性休克发生例数明显减少.结论溶栓治疗有益老年AMI患者的临床预后,但延迟溶栓治疗时间和老年人冠状动脉复杂病变可能影响溶栓疗效.     

心电图Ⅲ级缺血对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术预后的预测意义

目的探讨心电图Ⅲ级缺血在预测经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCT)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)预后的意义。方法选取行PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者253例,根据术前心电图ST段抬高程度分为观察组(Ⅲ级,92例)和对照组(Ⅱ级,161例),分析比较两组患者术前的一般资料、TIMI评分、PCI术后心血管意外事件(心源性休克、恶性室性心律失常、二次梗死)。结果观察组患者平均年龄、TIMI评分、心血管事件发生率(心源性休克、恶性室性心律失常)均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05)。结论心电图Ⅲ级缺血可反映急性STEMI行PCI后的预后情况。     

护理干预预防急性心肌梗死病人并发症的研究

目的：探讨护理干预措施,对提高急性心肌梗死病人的救护质量的作用。方法：对入选的心肌梗死病人随机分为观察组72例和对照组66例,观察组的病人在不同时期适时给予护理干预措施,并与对照组进行比较心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、再梗死的发生率及平均住院天数。结果：经统计学分析,出院时比较两组患者心肌梗死病人发生在住院期间患者心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、死亡人数、再梗死、住院天数均明显低于对照组,有显著的统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：对急性心肌梗死病人实施有效的护理干预和健康教育,提高了急性心肌梗死病人救护质量、生存质量和生活质量。     

梗死前心绞痛对心肌梗死影响的临床研究

目的探讨未经溶栓治疗的患者梗死前心绞痛对心肌梗死的影响.方法根据心肌梗死前心绞痛发作的时间,将131例未进行溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死患者分为4组进行对比分析.A组:梗死前24h内有心绞痛者.B组:梗死前7d内有心绞痛者.C组:梗死前有心绞痛发作＞7d.D组:梗死前无心绞痛发作.结果 CK和CK-MB峰值浓度A组均低于D组(P＜0.05);B组、C组也低于D组(P＜0.05).左室收缩功能,A组LVEF高于D组(P＜0.01),且B组、C组LVEF也高于D组(P＜0.05).A组梗死后心源性休克、左心功能衰竭、室壁瘤、死亡率均低于其他组:四者总的发生率A组显著低于D组(34.1%比53.3%,P＜0.05).结论梗死前心绞痛对梗死后心脏有保护作用,梗死前24h之内心绞痛发作有减少梗死后并发症的作用.     

老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克16例临床分析

目的根据急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的老年人患者的临床表现症状进行研究,分析使用不同方法对老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克症状的干预效果,根据分析结果观察患者的预后情况。方法将我院急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的60例患者按年龄分为2组,将其中年龄在65岁或者以上的患者设为老年组,人数为16例;另外一组65岁以下的患者为成年组,人数为44例。另外将16例老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的患者根据其不同灌注治疗方式分成2组,将其中9例患者设置为研究组,临床治疗时给予经皮冠状动脉介入方法治疗;另外7例患者设置为对照组,临床治疗时使用非介入治疗。观察2组患者治疗前的临床症状,然后根据2组患者接受不同再灌注治疗后老年心肌梗死并心源性休克症状的预后进行比较其差异。结果经过临床对老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克患者使用不同干预方式进行研究发现,患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与非介入治疗的患者相比可以有效的降低患者急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的死亡率(P<0.05);研究组的患者临床症状为不典型的患者多,冠心病危险因素和并发症多(P<0.05)。结论在对老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克患者的临床治疗情况分析,发现介入治疗可以有效的改善老年急性心肌梗死病心源性休克的的症状,提高患者预后情况。在临床治疗时一定要密切观察患者的生命体征以及临床症状表现,根据患者所发生的并发症制定相应的治疗以及护理措施,要及时对老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的患者及时给予介入方法的治疗,改善患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广与应用。     

Body mass index and preinfarction angina in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Preinfarction angina, a clinical equivalent of ischemic preconditioning, seems to protect against in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, and the combined endpoints in adult but not in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Experimental evidence indicates that caloric restriction may restore ischemic preconditioning in aged animals. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to verify whether body mass index (BMI) influences the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina in the elderly. DESIGN: We retrospectively studied 820 patients aged >/= 65 y with acute myocardial infarction by evaluating BMI and major (death and cardiogenic shock) and minor in-hospital outcomes. RESULTS: In-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, and the combined endpoints were not significantly different between elderly patients with and without preinfarction angina. Interestingly, in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, and the combined endpoints were significantly fewer in elderly patients with than without preinfarction angina in the subset of patients with the lowest BMI (P < 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis showed that preinfarction angina did not protect against in-hospital death when analyzed in all patients independently of BMI, whereas it was protective in the subset of patients with the lowest BMI (odds ratio: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Preinfarction angina does not protect against in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, or the combined endpoints in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. With stratification by quartiles of BMI, the protective effect of preinfarction angina is preserved in elderly patients with the lowest BMI.     

老年人急性心肌梗死后冠状动脉自发再灌注的影响因素研究

目的探讨老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)后冠状动脉自发再灌注(SR)的影响因素。方法 77例首次发作AMI且未经静脉溶栓及其它再灌注治疗的老年患者,根据选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查结果分成自发再灌注组(TIMI≥2级)与无自发再灌注组(TIMI 0～1级),采用Logistic回归分析寻找对SR影响有意义的因素。结果①急性心肌梗死后冠状动脉自发再灌注率为41.6%。②梗死前心绞痛(OR=7.077,95%CI:1.810,27.669)、起病至开始治疗时间的长短(OR=0.124,95%CI:0.048,0.326)与SR的发生有关。结论未经静脉溶栓及其它再灌注治疗的老年AMI患者存在一定的自发再灌注率,梗死前心绞痛的发生,使SR的发生可能性增大;起病至开始治疗时间延长,使SR发生可能性减小。     

Coronary artery stents in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease: a rapid and systematic review

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery stents are prosthetic linings inserted into coronary arteries via a catheter to widen the artery and increase blood flow to ischaemic heart muscle. They are used in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). IHD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality (123,000 deaths per annum) in the UK and a major cost to the NHS. Clinical effects of IHD include subacute manifestations (stable and unstable angina) and acute manifestations (particularly myocardial infarction [MI]). Treatment includes attention to risk factors, drug therapy, percutaneous invasive interventions (PCIs) (including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA] and stents) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In the last decade there has been a steady and significant increase in the rate of PCIs for IHD. In the UK, rates per million population increased from 174 in 1991 to 437 in 1998. Stents are now used in about 70% of PCIs. Data from the rest of Europe suggest there is potential for PCI and stent rates to increase considerably. In the UK there is evidence of under-provision and inequity of access to revascularisation procedures. OBJECTIVES: The following questions were addressed. 1. What are the effects and effectiveness of elective stent insertion versus PTCA in subacute IHD, particularly stable angina and unstable angina? 2. What are the effects and effectiveness of elective stent insertion versus CABG in subacute IHD, particularly stable angina and unstable angina? 3. What are the effects and effectiveness of elective stent insertion versus PTCA in acute MI (AMI)? 4. What are best estimates of UK cost for elective stent insertion, PTCA and CABG in the circumstances of review questions 1 to 3? 5. What are best estimates of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility for elective stent insertion relative to PTCA or CABG in the circumstances of review questions 1 to 3? METHODS: A systematic review addressing the objectives was undertaken. DATA SOURCES: A search was made for RCTs comparing stents (inserted during a PTCA procedure) with PTCA alone or with CABG in any manifestation of IHD. The search strategy covered the period from 1990 to November 1999 and included searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIDS ISI, The Cochrane Library), Internet sites, and hand-searches of cardiology conference abstracts and 1999 issues of cardiology journals. Lead researchers and local clinical experts were contacted. Manufacturers' submissions to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence were searched. The search strategy was expanded to look for relevant economic analyses and information to inform the economic model (including searching MEDLINE, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness). Searches focused on research that reported costs and quality of life data associated with IHD and interventional cardiology. STUDY SELECTION: For the review of clinical effectiveness, inclusion criteria were: (i) RCT design; (ii) study population comprising adults with IHD in native or graft vessels (including patients with subacute IHD or AMI); (iii) procedure involving elective insertion of coronary artery stents; (iv) elective PTCA (including PTCA with provisional stenting) or CABG as comparator; (v) outcomes defined as one or more of: combined event rate (or event-free survival), death, MI, angina, target vessel revascularisation, CABG, repeat PTCA, angiographic outcomes; (vi) trials that had closed and reported results for all or almost all recruited patients. For the economic evaluation, studies of adults with IHD were included if they were of the following types: studies reporting UK costs; comparative economic evaluation combining both costs and outcomes; economic evaluations reporting costs and outcomes separately for the years 1998 and 1999 (to ensure current practice was included).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

急性心肌梗死类型及PCI治疗前后BNP水平的分析

目的探讨不同类型急性心肌梗死B型尿钠肽(BNP)水平及经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后BNP的变化。方法选取2010年7月—2011年7年于邢台市第三医院心内科住院并诊断为急性心肌梗死且行PCI治疗患者100例,分为急性ST段抬高心肌梗死组(A组)55例与急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死组(B组)45例。记录每位患者入院时及PCI术后48 hBNP水平,分析急性心肌梗死类型与BNP的关系、BNP与冠脉病变程度相关性以及BNP水平与急性心肌梗死患者6个月内发生心血管事件的关系。结果 A组BNP水平高于B组(108.8±44.3 vs 83.1±28.9 pg/ml,P<0.01)。A、B 2组术后BNP水平明显低于术前BNP,差异有统计学意义(108.8±44.3 vs 78.7±27.7,P=0.000;83.1±28.9 vs 65.1±20.9,P<0.01)。Gensini积分与术前BNP水平正相关(r=0.484,P<0.05)。术后随着BNP水平增高,心血管事件发生率有增高趋势,BNP>85.1 pg/ml组心血管事件发生率显著高于其他组并与BNP≤55.0 pg/ml组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.04,P<0.05)。结论在排除心衰因素后,冠状动脉病变程度与BNP水平呈正相关,急性心肌梗死缺血改善后BNP水平明显降低。术后BNP水平越高,6个月内心血管事件发生率越高。测定外周血BNP水平对评价冠状脉动脉病变程度及判断预后有重要参考价值。     

急性心肌梗死患者住院延迟和症状表现的回顾性分析

目的 调查急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的症状表现、住院延迟及其影响因素。方法 选取徐州医科大学附属医院AMI患者336例。按住院延迟时间≤12 h及＞12 h分成A组和B租,比较两组患者的症状表现和住院延迟,回归分析住院延迟的影响因素。结果 患者住院延迟中位时间为12 h,有前驱症状的患者（39.3%）延迟时间更长。发生频率较高的急性症状为胸痛（78.3%）、出汗（41.1%）、胸闷（39.9%）。回归分析显示非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）、Killip分级≥Ⅱ级、糖尿病史是住院延迟的危险因素（P＜0.05）,经急诊入院、胸痛和心慌/心悸症状是住院延迟的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论 应加强关于急性心肌梗死的科普力度,使大众熟知AMI的症状,指导患者自我症状监测,树立科学应对的意识。     

急性冠脉综合征中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶浓度在他仃类药物干预下的变化研究

[目的]研究他仃类药物对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)血浆患者中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(Neutrophil elastaseNE)的影响。[方法]将91名冠心病患者分成4组:(1)急性心肌梗死组(AMI组)45例,(2)不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP组)18例,(3)稳定型心绞痛组(SAP组)13例,(4)陈旧性心肌梗死组(OMI组)15例,AMI组和UAP组合并为ACS组,为冠脉急性病变(A组);SAP组和OMI组合为慢性冠脉病变(B组),两组同时给予氟伐他仃胶囊。患者在入组时、服药后1周、第1月、第12月内抽取静脉血,PMN Elastase Kit试剂盒以酶联免疫吸附检测法(ELISA)检测患者血浆中NE浓度。同时观察患者在12个月内心绞痛发病率和其他心血管事件发生率。[结果](1)A组和B组在入组时所测得的NE浓度的差异有统计学意义(H=34.503,P﹤0.000 1),(2)给予氟伐他汀干预后,发现A组所测得的NE浓度的差异在不同时期比较有统计学意义(χ2=13.537,P﹤0.05);B组所测得的NE浓度的差异在不同时期比较无统计学意义(χ2=2.523,P﹥0.05),(3)A组和B组在应用氟伐他汀治疗1年,心绞痛和其他心血管事件发生率均较低,两组比较差异无统计意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]血浆NE浓度与急性冠脉综合症有相关性。在氟伐他仃的干预下,血浆NE浓度在急性病程不同时段里变化差异有统计学意义,在慢性病程中变化不大;再次发生心绞痛和其他心血管事件发病率下降,两组差异无统计学意义,进一步证实氟伐他仃可以减少心绞痛和其他心血管事件发病率。     

心肌缺血预适应和溶栓治疗对心肌梗死范围及近期预后的影响

本文旨在探讨心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死患者梗死范围及近期预后的影响。１６５例初梗患者,均收住院常规治疗,其中４８例给予静脉溶栓治疗。按梗死前４８小时内有无心绞痛,分为缺血预适应组（ｎ＝９２）和对照组（ｎ＝７３）。通过测定肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）峰值和心电图ＱＲＳ记分,比较两组患者的梗死面积,并对其并发症和住院期间死亡率进行分析。结果表明,缺血预适应组泵衰竭、恶性心律失常发生率和４周内死亡率均明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对于接受溶栓治疗的患者,缺血预适应组（ｎ＝２６）的ＣＫ峰值和ＱＲＳ计分均明显低于对照组（ｎ＝２２）。结论：缺血预适应具有保护心肌和改善初梗患者近期预后的作用。并且对于接受再通治疗的患者,还能够缩小其梗死范围。     

脑钠素与急性心肌梗死患者临床表现的相关性研究

目的观察血浆脑钠素水平与急性心肌梗死面积、左室功能及预后的关系。方法选取63例确诊为急性心肌梗死的病人,入院后进行常规检查且24小时后测血浆BNP浓度,1周后检查超声心动图测左室射血分数(LVEF),随访3个月,观察血浆脑钠素浓度与心肌梗死的面积、左室功能及预后的关系。结果血浆BNP水平与心肌梗死面积呈正相关(P<0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(P<0.05),且血浆BNP高的病人心血管事件发生率高(P=0.02)。结论血浆脑钠素浓度反映了心肌梗死的严重程度,心肌梗死面积越大、左室功能越差,脑钠素的水平越高,且脑钠素可作为心血管病的预测指标。