孕期膳食摄入频率变化对抑郁影响前瞻性队列研究

目的探讨孕期膳食摄入频率变化对孕期抑郁的影响。方法爱丁堡产后抑郁量表对中国孕产妇队列研究·协和项目在2017年7月25日至2018年7月24日纳入的已排除孕早期抑郁的妇女进行前瞻性追踪调查,最终获得3 765份有效问卷进行统计分析。结果孕中期妇女抑郁检出率为19.5%。Log-binomial回归结果显示,孕期早餐(RR=0.82,95%CI=0.68～0.99,P=0.036)、薯类(RR=0.82,95%CI=0.71～0.95,P=0.009)、深色蔬菜(RR=0.85,95%CI=0.74～0.99,P=0.032)、水果(RR=0.74,95%CI=0.62～0.87,P <0.001)、奶及奶制品(RR=0.83,95%CI=0.72～0.96,P=0.012)摄入频率增加,鸡蛋(RR=0.78,95%CI=0.65～0.94,P=0.008)和甜点(RR=0.81,95%CI=0.69～0.97,P=0.018)摄入频率不变是抑郁的保护因素;而西式快餐(RR=1.31,95%CI=1.06～1.63,P=0.012)与膨化食品(RR=1.23,95%CI=1.02～...     

咖啡摄入与东亚人群恶性肿瘤死亡风险关联的Meta分析

目的分析咖啡摄入与东亚人群恶性肿瘤死亡风险的关联。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库和Pub Med,收集建库至2018年12月10日国内外发表的有关亚洲人群咖啡摄入与恶性肿瘤死亡风险关联研究的文献;采用Stata 15.0软件对纳入的文献进行分类Meta分析和剂量-反应Meta分析。结果共检索到相关文献335篇,最终纳入分析5篇,其中4篇研究日本人群,1篇研究新加坡华人人群,总样本量为361 802人,恶性肿瘤死亡17 664例。咖啡摄入降低东亚人群的恶性肿瘤死亡风险(RR=0.93,95%CI:0.87～0.99);其中咖啡摄入与东亚男性恶性肿瘤死亡风险未见统计学关联(RR=0.94,95%CI:0.77～1.15),但可使东亚女性恶性肿瘤死亡风险下降12%(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.81～0.95)。恶性肿瘤死亡风险总体随咖啡摄入量增加呈降低趋势,每天饮1.5杯咖啡,恶性肿瘤死亡风险最低(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.86～0.98)。结论咖啡摄入可以降低东亚人群恶性肿瘤死亡风险,这种保护作用对女性更为明显;每天饮1.5杯咖啡,恶性肿瘤的死亡风险最低。     

钙摄入与脑卒中发生风险队列研究的Meta分析

目的 系统评价钙摄入与脑卒中发生风险的相关性。方法 计算机检索电子数据库Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase和中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库至2017年10月。纳入钙摄入与脑卒中发生风险的前瞻性队列研究。采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入13篇队列研究,Meta分析显示:（1）钙摄入最高组与最低组脑卒中发病风险相对危险度合并效应量（RR = 0.92,95% CI: 0.83～1.01）,差异无统计学意义,钙摄入量与脑卒中发生风险无明显相关性;（2）亚组分析发现膳食钙摄入最高组与最低组脑卒中发生风险合并效应值（RR = 0.82,95%CI:0.73～0.91,P＜0.01）差异有统计学意义,即高膳食钙摄入可降低脑卒中发生风险;（3）在亚洲人群中,高钙摄入与低钙摄入相比,差异具有统计学意义,高钙摄入时脑卒中发生风险明显降低（RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.65～0.94, P＜0.01）。结论 钙摄入与脑卒中发生风险无明显相关性,但在亚洲人群或膳食钙摄入亚组中,钙摄入是脑卒中发生风险的保护因素。     

膳食维生素摄入与胶质瘤关联性的病例对照研究

目的 了解中国人群中膳食维生素A、维生素C和维生素E与胶质瘤的关系。方法 基于1:1个体匹配的病例对照研究,对343例胶质瘤患者和343例健康对照进行问卷调查和体格测量,通过食物频率问卷评估三种膳食维生素的摄入量,采用logistic回归分析膳食维生素摄入量与胶质瘤风险的关联性,并探索二者之间的剂量-反应关系。结果 与最低分位数相比,最高分位数的膳食维生素A摄入量与胶质瘤总体风险(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.04～0.30)、星形细胞瘤风险(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.59～0.86)、胶质母细胞瘤风险(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.78～0.96)、低级别胶质瘤风险(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.47～0.91)和高级别胶质瘤风险(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.80～0.94)降低有关,最高分位数的膳食维生素C摄入量与胶质瘤总体风险(OR=0.02,95%CI:0.01～0.08)、星形细胞瘤风险(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.54～0.87)、胶质母细胞瘤风险(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.74～0.91)、低级别胶质瘤风险(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.62～...     

中国男男性行为者HIV暴露前预防服药依从性影响因素的Meta分析

目的 系统评价中国男男性行为者（MSM）人群PrEP服药依从性影响因素。方法 检索中文数据库（CNKI、WanFang、VIP、CBM）和英文数据库（PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Web of Science）,筛选关于中国MSM人群PrEP服药依从性影响因素的前瞻性队列研究,检索的时间从建库至2023年2月。经过文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价之后,采用RevMan 5.4将数据进行meta分析。结果 共纳入14篇文献,8 785例样本量进行meta分析,结果显示,受方（OR=3.37,95%CI:1.87～6.10）、药物效果的正向预期（OR=1.19,95%CI:1.01～1.41）、艾滋病知识水平（OR=1.82,95%CI:1.29～2.57）是我国MSM人群PrEP服药依从性的保护因素;担心药物不良反应（OR=0.89,95%CI:0.78～1.01）、服药后产生不良反应（OR=0.39,95%CI:0.22～0.68）、毒品的使用（OR=0.66,95%CI:0.50～0.86）是我国MSM人群PrEP服药依从性的危险因素。结论 现有研究证据表...     

发酵及非发酵性豆制品摄入与胃癌发病风险队列研究的Meta分析

目的探讨豆制品摄入量与胃癌发病率的关系。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库中有关豆制品摄入和胃癌发病风险的队列研究,采用随机效应模型进行分析,发表偏倚通过Begg’s进行检验。结果共纳入12篇队列研究,共23个独立报告,包括328854个研究对象,共随访观察到3729例胃癌病例。发酵性豆制品摄入量最低人群和最高人群胃癌发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(RR=1.04,95%CI:0.88～1.22)。与非发酵性豆制品摄入量最低人群相比,摄入量最高人群可减少17%的胃癌发病风险(RR=0.83,95%CI:0.73～0.95)。结论发酵性豆制品摄入量对胃癌发病率无显著影响,而经常摄入非发酵性豆制品有可能降低胃癌发病率,但仍需进一步的研究。[营养学报,2019,41(3):298-303]     

基于队列研究饮茶对人群预防Ⅱ型糖尿病效果的meta分析

目的 系统评价饮茶对人群预防Ⅱ型糖尿病的效果，为开展人群Ⅱ型糖尿病预防工作提供参考。方法 对中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI）、万方数据库、维普网、PubMed、Cochrane Library数据库有关饮茶对人群预防Ⅱ型糖尿病效果的队列研究进行全面检索，检索时间为2000年1月—2023年3月10日。主要暴露指标为饮茶，主要结局指标为患Ⅱ型糖尿病。采用Review Manager 5.3软件对研究结果进行meta分析。结果 本研究确定了13项队列研究，包括1097 442名参与者和53 566例Ⅱ型糖尿病病例，随访时间为5～24年。汇总调整后，与不饮茶人群相比，饮茶人群患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险降低12%(HR=0.88,95%CI=0.78～0.99)，其中饮用绿茶可以将人群患糖尿病的风险降低9%(HR=0.91,95%CI=0.84～0.99)，饮茶≥4杯/天的人群综合发病风险比不饮茶人群的风险下降17%(HR=0.83,95%CI=0.71～0.98)。结论 饮茶有益于降低人群患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险，建议居民在健康饮食的基础...     

社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性影响因素的多水平logistic回归分析

目的 探讨社区精神分裂症患者服药依从性的影响因素。方法 研究基于某省“重性精神疾病基本数据收集分析系统”中精神分裂症患者基本信息，对患者个体因素与服药依从性进行单因素分析，再以患者水平和市州水平建立两水平logistic回归模型，分析该省精神分裂症患者服药依从性的影响因素。结果 共纳入精神分裂症患者192 099名，其中服药依从性良好患者有61 656名，依从率为32.10%。两水平logistic回归模型结果显示，年龄较大（46～<65岁组OR=0.78, 95%CI:0.76～0.80;65～100岁组OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.55～0.59）、男性（OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.83～0.87）、少数民族（OR=0.71, 95%CI:0.63～0.79）、贫困（OR=0.79, 95%CI:0.78～0.81）、病程较长（5～<10年组:OR=0.73, 95%CI:0.70～0.75;10～<20年组:OR=0.72, 95%CI:0.69～0.74;20～<30年组:OR=0.70, 95%CI:0.68～0.73;30～80年组:OR=...     

运动和饮食干预对超重及肥胖妇女妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠结局影响的meta分析

目的:采用meta分析的方法研究运动和饮食干预对超重及肥胖妇女妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)及妊娠结局的影响。方法:检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、万方数据库从建库至2019年5月发表的有关运动和饮食干预对超重及肥胖妇女GDM及妊娠结局影响的随机对照试验,两名研究者对文献的质量进行严格评价并进行资料提取,对符合标准的随机对照研究采用Revman 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入10篇文章,包括5436名研究对象,与常规干预相比较,运动饮食干预不会减少超重及肥胖妇女GDM发生率(RR=0.98,95%CI 0.87～1.11)与剖宫产率(RR=0.94,95%CI 0.87～1.02),但会降低巨大儿的发生率(RR=0.83,95%CI 0.73～0.94)和妊娠期体重增加(MD=-0.69,95%CI-1.29～-0.09)。结论:由于干预时间较短或者孕妇依从性较差等原因,妊娠后开始的运动和饮食干预并不能有效预防超重或肥胖妇女GDM的发生或者降低其剖宫产率。针对超重或肥胖的育龄期女性,临床工作人员应在其孕前给予健康咨询,以有效改善其妊娠结局。     

膳食纤维和碳水化合物摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险关联的meta分析北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨膳食纤维和碳水化合物的摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险的关系。方法 参照Cochrance协作网制定的检索策略进行检索,电子数据库包括：MEDLINE（1966年-2014年）、Web of Science（1945年-2014年）、万方（1998年-2014年）和CNKI（1915年-2014年）。采用STATA 12.0软件进行分析,计算相对危险比（RR）与其95%可信区间（95%CI）评价膳食纤维和碳水化合物摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险的具体关联。结果 最终16项队列研究符合纳入标准进入本meta分析,共包括475937例乳腺癌患者。多因素meta回归分析结果表明：膳食纤维摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险呈负相关,摄入越高乳腺癌发生风险越低（RR=0.92,95%CI=0.86-0.98,P〈0.001）;然而,碳水化合物的摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险呈正相关,摄入量越高乳腺癌发生风险亦越高（RR=0.99,95%CI=0.91-1.07,P〈0.001）。结论 膳食纤维摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险呈负相关,而碳水化合物摄入量与乳腺癌发生风险呈正相关。     

Transient exposure to coffee as a trigger of a first nonfatal myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: The effects of coffee on myocardial infarction are uncertain. We hypothesize that coffee in the presence of predisposing factors can induce a cascade of events that, through sympathetic nervous activation, can induce the onset of myocardial infarction. METHODS: We recruited 503 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction between 1994 and 1998 in Costa Rica. We used a case-crossover design to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: The RR of myocardial infarction in the hour after coffee intake was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.17-1.89). Occasional coffee drinkers (< or =1 cup/day, n = 103) had a RR of myocardial infarction of 4.14 (2.03-8.42), moderate coffee drinkers (2-3 cups/day, n = 280) had a RR of 1.60 (1.16-2.21), and heavy coffee drinkers (> or =4 cups/d, n = 120) had a RR of 1.06 (0.69-1.63; P = 0.006, test of homogeneity). Patients with 3 or more risk factors (n = 101) had a RR of myocardial infarction of 2.10 (1.30-3.39), whereas patients with fewer than 3 risk factors (n = 396) had a RR of 1.39 (1.04-1.82; P = 0.15, test of homogeneity); and RR was 1.72 (1.30-2.30) among sedentary patients compared with 1.07 (0.66-1.72) among nonsedentary (P = 0.10, test of homogeneity). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that coffee intake may trigger myocardial infarction. The association is particularly strong among people with light/occasional intake of coffee (< or =1 cup/day), with sedentary lifestyle, or with 3 or more risk factors for coronary heart disease.     

老年人饮食习惯与患轻度认知障碍 风险关系的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析研究老年人的饮食习惯与患轻度认知功能障碍风险的关系。方法 计算机检索CNKI、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Cochrane Library数据库,收集国内外公开发表的与老年人饮食习惯和轻度认知障碍相关的研究。检索的时间范围为2000年1月1日至2021年10月31日。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行统计分析。结果 共纳入文献11篇,研究对象12 238人。各类食物对老年人患轻度认知障碍影响的合并效应值分别为:经常食用蛋类（ OR =0.71, 95% CI : 0.53~0.95）;经常食用鱼贝类（ OR =0.65, 95% CI : 0.54~0.78）;经常食用水果（ OR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.47~0.79）;经常饮茶（ OR =0.54, 95% CI : 0.34~0.87）。结论 经常食用蛋类、鱼贝类、水果以及经常饮茶是老年人患轻度认知障碍可能的保护因素。     

中国成年人饮茶与死亡风险的前瞻性关联研究

目的分析中国成年人饮茶与全因死亡和死因别死亡风险间的关联。方法本研究分析基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目。饮茶信息为基线自报。死亡信息主要通过链接死亡监测系统获取。使用Cox比例风险回归模型计算风险比(HR)及其95%CI。结果纳入分析的438 443例研究对象随访11.1年共发生死亡34 661例。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前非每日饮茶者和每日饮茶者全因死亡HR值(95%CI)依次为0.89(0.86～0.91)和0.92(0.88～0.95)。分性别分析显示, 饮茶对全因死亡风险的保护作用主要见于男性(交互P<0.05)。与从不饮茶者相比, 当前每日饮茶者死于缺血性心脏病、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病及其他死因的HR值(95%CI)依次为0.83(0.76～0.92)、0.82(0.69～0.97)、0.86(0.78～0.94)、1.03(0.97～1.09)、1.00(0.87～1.16)、0.84(0.78～0.90)。在不吸烟且不过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶与恶性肿瘤死亡风险间不存在有统计学显著性的关联, 但在吸烟或过量饮酒者中, 每日饮茶者死于恶性肿瘤的风...     

Coffee consumption and risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Coffee consumption has been inconsistently associated with risk of stroke. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to quantitatively assess the association between coffee consumption and stroke risk. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase from January 1966 through May 2011 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Prospective studies in which investigators reported relative risks of stroke for 3 or more categories of coffee consumption were eligible. Results from individual studies were pooled using a random-effects model. Eleven prospective studies, with 10,003 cases of stroke and 479,689 participants, met the inclusion criteria. There was some evidence of a nonlinear association between coffee consumption and risk of stroke (P for nonlinearity = 0.005). Compared with no coffee consumption, the relative risks of stroke were 0.86 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.78, 0.94) for 2 cups of coffee per day, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.92) for 3-4 cups/day, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.97) for 6 cups/day, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.08) for 8 cups/day. There was marginal between-study heterogeneity among study-specific trends (I? = 12% and I? = 20% for the first and second spline transformations, respectively). Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that moderate coffee consumption may be weakly inversely associated with risk of stroke.     

Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Style Diet and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Abstract

Objective: Several investigators have proposed a protective association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) style diet and risk of cancers; however, they have had inconsistent results. The present study aimed to systematically review the prospective cohort studies and if possible quantify the overall effect using meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for cohort studies published up to July 2018. Relative risks (RRs) that were reported for fully adjusted models and their confidence intervals were extracted for meta-analysis. The random effects model was used to combine the RRs.

Results: Seventeen studies were eligible to be included in the systematic review, from which nine reports assessed the association between the DASH diet and risk of mortality from all cancer types, four assessed incidence of colorectal cancer, and two studies assessed the risk of colon and rectal cancer separately. Four studies examined the association with the incidence of other cancers (breast, hepatic, endometrial, and lung cancer). Meta-analysis showed that high adherence to DASH is associated with a decreased mortality from all cancer types (RR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.81–0.86). Participants with the highest adherence to the DASH diet had a lower risk of developing colorectal (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.75–0.83), colon (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.74–0.87), and rectal (RR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.74–0.96) cancers compared to those with the lowest adherence.

Conclusion: DASH-style diet should be suggested as a healthy approach associated with decreased risk of cancer in the community. Prospective studies exploring the association for other cancer types and from regions other than the United States are highly recommended.     

Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study

BACKGROUND: Coffee is the major source of dietary antioxidants. The association between coffee consumption and risk of death from diseases associated with inflammatory or oxidative stress has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We studied the relation of coffee drinking with total mortality and mortality attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other diseases with a major inflammatory component. DESIGN: A total of 41,836 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 y at baseline were followed for 15 y. After exclusions for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, colitis, and liver cirrhosis at baseline, 27,312 participants remained, resulting in 410,235 person-years of follow-up and 4265 deaths. The major outcome measure was disease-specific mortality. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, similar to the relation of coffee intake to total mortality, the hazard ratio of death attributed to cardiovascular disease was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.91) for consumption of 1-3 cups/d, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.99) for 4-5 cups/d, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.09) for > or =6 cups/d. The hazard ratio for death from other inflammatory diseases was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.93) for consumption of 1-3 cups/d, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.90) for 4-5 cups/d, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94) for > or =6 cups/d. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of coffee, a major source of dietary antioxidants, may inhibit inflammation and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women.     

Adequacy of prenatal care as a major determinant of folic acid, iron, and vitamin intake during pregnancy

This study aimed to quantify the association between adequacy of prenatal care and prevalence of folic acid, iron, and multivitamin intake during pregnancy. Data were obtained on socio-demographics, prenatal care, pregnancy complications, and use of vitamin/mineral supplements for 836 women, using a postpartum interview. Associations with the use of vitamin/mineral supplements were quantified with risk ratios (RR), computed by generalized binomial regression. A high proportion of women reported the use of folic acid (81.9%), iron (55.4%), and multivitamins (76.2%) as supplements during pregnancy. Use of supplements was independently associated with adequacy of prenatal care (adequate vs. inadequate: folic acid, RR = 2.28; 95%CI: 1.58-3.29; iron, RR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.57-2.52, multivitamins, RR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.54-2.51). Higher schooling was also associated with increased use of folic acid (RR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.18-1.70), but not multivitamins (RR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.77-0.98). Use of folic acid was less prevalent in single women (RR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.95) and during unplanned pregnancies (RR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.71-0.92). Adequacy of prenatal care is a major determinant of vitamin/mineral intake during pregnancy.     

A meta-analysis of prospective studies of coffee consumption and mortality for all causes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases

Several prospective studies considered the relation between coffee consumption and mortality. Most studies, however, were underpowered to detect an association, since they included relatively few deaths. To obtain quantitative overall estimates, we combined all published data from prospective studies on the relation of coffee with mortality for all causes, all cancers, cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary/ischemic heart disease (CHD/IHD) and stroke. A bibliography search, updated to January 2013, was carried out in PubMed and Embase to identify prospective observational studies providing quantitative estimates on mortality from all causes, cancer, CVD, CHD/IHD or stroke in relation to coffee consumption. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate overall relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. The pooled RRs of all cause mortality for the study-specific highest versus low (≤1 cup/day) coffee drinking categories were 0.88 (95 % CI 0.84–0.93) based on all the 23 studies, and 0.87 (95 % CI 0.82–0.93) for the 19 smoking adjusting studies. The combined RRs for CVD mortality were 0.89 (95 % CI 0.77–1.02, 17 smoking adjusting studies) for the highest versus low drinking and 0.98 (95 % CI 0.95–1.00, 16 studies) for the increment of 1 cup/day. Compared with low drinking, the RRs for the highest consumption of coffee were 0.95 (95 % CI 0.78–1.15, 12 smoking adjusting studies) for CHD/IHD, 0.95 (95 % CI 0.70–1.29, 6 studies) for stroke, and 1.03 (95 % CI 0.97–1.10, 10 studies) for all cancers. This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence that coffee intake is inversely related to all cause and, probably, CVD mortality.     

Oat Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes,Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain the top disease and mortality burdens worldwide. Oats have been shown to benefit cardiovascular health and improve insulin resistance. However, the evidence linking oat consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality remains inconclusive. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the associations between oat consumption and risks of T2D, CVD and all-cause mortality in the general population. Five electronic databases were searched until September, 2020. Study specific relative risks (RR) were meta-analyzed using random effect models. Of 4686 relevant references, we included 9 articles, based on 8 unique studies and 471,157 participants. Comparing oat consumers versus non-consumers, RRs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–1.03) for T2D incidence and 0.73 (95% CI 0.5–1.07) for combined CVD incidence. Comparing participants with highest versus lowest oat intake, RRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.82) for T2D incidence, 0.81 (95% CI 0.61–1.08) for CHD incidence and 0.79 (95% CI 0.59–1.07) for stroke. For all-cause mortality one study based on three cohorts found RR for men and women were 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.85) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.87), respectively. Most studies (n = 6) were of fair to good quality. This meta-analysis suggests that consumption of oat could reduce the risk for T2D and all-cause mortality, while no significant association was found for CVD. Future studies should address a lack of standardized methods in assessing overall oat intake and type of oat products, and investigate a dose-dependent response of oat products on cardiometabolic outcomes in order to introduce oat as preventive and treatment options for the public.     

Higher baseline serum concentrations of vitamin E are associated with lower total and cause-specific mortality in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis of 19 trials suggested a small increase in the risk of all-cause mortality with high-dose vitamin E supplementation. Little is known, however, about the relation between mortality and circulating concentrations of vitamin E resulting from dietary intake, low-dose supplementation, or both. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether baseline serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations are associated with total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of 29 092 Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 y who participated in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study was carried out. Fasting serum alpha-tocopherol was measured at baseline by using HPLC. Only 10% of participants reported vitamin E supplement use at baseline, and thus serum concentrations of vitamin E mainly reflected dietary intake and other host factors. Risks of total and cause-specific mortality were estimated by using proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During up to 19 y of follow-up, 13 380 deaths (including 4518 and 5776 due to cancer and cardiovascular disease, respectively) were identified. Men in the higher quintiles of serum alpha-tocopherol had significantly lower risks of total and cause-specific mortality than did those in the lowest quintile [relative risk (RR) = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.86) for total mortality and 0.79 (0.72, 0.86), 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), and 0.70 (0.63, 0.79) for deaths due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other causes, respectively; P for trend for all < 0.0001]. Cubic regression spline analysis of continuous serum alpha-tocopherol values indicated greater risk reductions with increasing concentrations up to approximately 13-14 mg/L, after which no further benefit was noted. CONCLUSION: Higher circulating concentrations of alpha-tocopherol within the normal range are associated with significantly lower total and cause-specific mortality in older male smokers.