切开挂线术治疗高位肛瘘48例护理体会

高位肛瘘由于病变位置高，管道多弯曲复杂，常有支管、深部死腔．在治疗上难度较大。若手术方法选择不当，不仅可引起肛门失禁、肛门畸形、甚至经久不愈。2003年3～10月．我们共对48例高位肛瘘患者施行切开挂线术，均获成功，现将护理体会总结如下。     

切开挂线疗法联合外洗方熏洗坐浴治疗高位肛瘘疗效观察

肛瘘亦称肛管直肠瘘,是一种在肛管或直肠部位由于各种病理或者生理原因导致的与肛门周围皮肤相通的肉芽脓性异常管道,可能因直肠囊肿排脓不畅而引起,多见于青壮年男性,该病发病率较高,在肛肠科疾病中发病率仅次于痔。高位肛瘘是指瘘管位于外括约肌深部以上的一种肛瘘,其又分为仅有一个瘘管的高位单纯性肛瘘和具有多个瘘管的高位复杂性肛瘘。     

内口切/挂管腔放射状切开浮线对口引流术治疗高位腔隙性肛瘘的疗效观察

目的观察内口切/挂管腔放射状切开浮线对口引流术治疗高位腔隙性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法选择45例高位腔隙性肛瘘患者,均行内口切/挂管腔放射状切开引流术治疗,观察其疗效。结果 45例患者均一次性治愈,平均住院时间为13 d,切口平均愈合时间为32 d。随访3-6个月,无肛门失禁、狭窄、畸形、缺损,肛门功能正常,无复发。结论内口切/挂管腔放射状切开浮线对口引流术治疗高位腔隙性肛瘘疗效确切,能降低复发率,又可很好地保护肛门括约肌。     

自体脂肪干细胞移植治疗复杂性肛瘘的临床观察

目的评估自体脂肪干细胞移植治疗复杂性肛瘘的有效性和安全性。 方法纳入2018年1月到2018年10月间南京市中医院肛肠中心收治的复杂性肛瘘23例,年龄12~51岁,其中克罗恩病肛瘘11例,腺源性肛瘘12例,应用自体脂肪干细胞移植治疗,随访3~12个月,并收集患者的临床资料。通过临床评估及MRI结果评价瘘管闭合情况,统计瘘管外口完全上皮化的时间,采用SF-36量表和VAS量表评估患者术前、术后的生活质量变化及疼痛评分变化,运用Wexner失禁评分量表评估患者术前术后的肛门失禁情况,对于克罗恩病肛瘘患者需记录其治疗前后的肛周病变活动指数（PDAI）,并记录研究中的所有不良事件。 结果瘘管的总愈合率为69.57%（16/23）,其中克罗恩病肛瘘的愈合率为90.91%（10/11）,腺源性肛瘘为50%（6/12）;16名瘘管愈合患者的外口平均闭合时间为（17.06±4.54）天,其中克罗恩病肛瘘为（17.90±4.53）天,腺源性肛瘘为（15.67±4.59）天。患者的生活质量评分与疼痛评分在术后7天可恢复至术前水平,而肛门失禁评分则保持不变或降低。克罗恩病肛瘘患者治疗前和治疗后90天的PDAI评分为（8.55±1.37）分和（1.27±1.10）分,二者之间差异有统计学意义（t=12.033,P<0.05）。研究中未出现与ADSCs注射相关的不良事件。 结论自体脂肪干细胞移植是治疗复杂性肛瘘特别是克罗恩病肛瘘的一种安全有效的方法,可以保护患者肛门功能,减轻术后疼痛,改善围手术期生活质量。     

保乳术与改良根治术治疗乳腺癌的临床疗效比较

目的比较保乳术与改良根治术治疗乳腺癌的临床疗效和应用价值。方法选取2011-06~2014-05该院收治的147例女性乳腺癌患者,按手术方式分为两组,其中保乳术(观察组)78例,改良根治术(对照组)69例,于术后结合患者实际情况给予辅助性治疗及术后定期随访,分别记录两组癌症患者的术中情况、乳房美观效果等,对两种手术方式进行多方面比较分析。结果观察组的手术时间、出血量及术后住院时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的乳房美观效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组的并发症、局部复发率、转移率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保乳术治疗女性乳腺癌患者的临床疗效显著,与传统的改良根治术相比,手术损伤小、恢复快、乳房美观效果好,具有临床应用价值。     

松弛挂线术与多切口引流术治疗复杂性肛周脓肿的临床疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察松弛挂线术与多切口引流术治疗复杂性肛周脓肿的临床效果。方法　纳入2018-01～2019-09该院收治的64例肛周脓肿患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。观察组行松弛挂线术,对照组行传统的多切口引流术。比较两组手术相关情况、疼痛评分、肛门功能评分、生活质量指数评分及并发症发生率。结果　两组手术时间、住院周期、住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术中出血量、总换药次数、>2 cm瘢痕数均显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1 d、7 d疼痛严重程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后1周、8周Wexner肛门失禁评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后2周、8周胃肠道生存质量指数评分显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组术后并发症总发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.674,P>0.05）。结论　与传统的多切口引流术比较,松弛挂线术的近期疗效具有一定优势,为肛周脓肿提供了一种更简便、微创的治疗方法。     

腺性膀胱炎患者的治疗与护理

腺性膀胱炎发病率有逐年增加的趋势,以女性患者多见,主要与反复泌尿系感染有关.本病有一定的癌变倾向,就医前多数病人羞于启口,当确诊后,得知可能发生癌变,心理负担较重.临床症状以膀胱刺激症为主,偶伴有血尿,多数病人在抗炎治疗后尿检正常,但症状却持续存在,膀胱镜检查可见三角区或颈口处有囊泡状或地毯样隆起病灶.1999年以来我科采用膀胱镜下电灼和电切术后灌注白细胞介素-2的方法[1,2],治疗部分腺性膀胱炎患者效果满意,现报告如下.     

直肠黏膜推移皮瓣术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效观察

目的观察直肠黏膜推移皮瓣术（ERAF）在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘（HCAF）中的临床疗效。 方法选取80例高位复杂性肛瘘的患者,随机将其分为观察组40例和对照组40例,观察组采用ERAF、对照组采用松弛挂线术（LST）,分析比较两组患者的临床疗效、视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）、肛门功能失禁（Wexner）评分、术后复发率。 结果两组患者术后第1天VAS评分比较（t=-1.268,P＞0.05）、术后1年复发率比较（χ²=1.829,P＞0.05）,差异均无统计学意义;两组患者住院时间比较（t=-16.464,P＜0.05）、伤口愈合时间比较（t=-12.662,P＜0.05）、术后6个月Wexner评分比较（t=-34.785,P＜0.05）、术后第5天VAS评分比较（t=-8.222,P＜0.05）、术后第7天VAS评分比较（t=-6.056,P＜0.05）,差异均具有统计学意义。 结论ERAF可使患者住院时间及伤口愈合时间缩短,减轻患者术后疼痛,肛门失禁评分亦优于LST术式,值得临床中广泛应用。     

止嗽散治疗老年人喉源性咳嗽的临床疗效

正喉源性咳嗽为喉部引起的呼吸系统咳嗽,近年来由于工业对环境的污染加重,加之空气粉尘、气候变迁、空气干燥、异味气体的刺激及病毒细菌感染等诸多因素,导致喉源性咳嗽发病率日渐增多,有逐年增高的趋势〔1〕。西医常规治疗方法多以抗生素消除炎症为主,临床疗效不满意,且长期应用易出现耐药     

Simultaneous anus and bowel operation is preferable for anal fistula in Crohn's disease

Background: Background: Anal fistula in Crohn's disease is reportedly intractable, and little is known about factors influencing the outcome of surgery. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current status of surgery for anal fistula in Crohn's disease, and possible factors influencing surgical outcome were investigated. Methods: From August 1993 to September 1998, 39 of 239 Crohn's disease patients underwent long-term seton drainage. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who received simultaneous bowel and anus operation (simultaneous group; n= 11) and a control group (n= 28). Results: Twenty-nine of the 39 (74%) patients received two seton drains or more, with a mean of 2.7. Twenty-one (54%) patients received two or more operations. The rate of seton drain removal was 52% at 12 months after operation and 86% at 24 months. The cumulative rate of seton drains remaining at 12 months after the first operation was 10% in the simultaneous group and 37.7% in the control group, with a significant difference (P= 0.038). Multivariate analysis revealed that simultaneous operation was the only significant factor that influenced the surgical results (P= 0.0489). Seven of the 21 (33%) patients recurred after total removal of seton drain(s). All the patients who had recurrence belonged to the control group. Continence did not deteriorate after seton drainage. Ten patients (26%) required enterostomy and no patient received proctectomy. Conclusions: Healing of Crohn's anal fistula was significantly better in the simultaneous group than in the control group, and the recurrence rate was lower in the simultaneous group. Seton drainage for anal fistula in Crohn's disease was effective and preserved sphincter function. Received: April 4, 2001 / Accepted: January 15, 2002     

LIFT术与肛瘘切开术治疗经括约肌肛瘘的近远期肛门功能变化观察

目的观察经括约肌间瘘管结扎术（LIFT）与肛瘘切开术治疗经括约肌肛瘘的近远期肛门功能变化。 方法选取深圳市南山区人民医院2015年9月至2017年2月收治的120例经括约肌肛瘘患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各60例。对照组采取肛瘘切开术,观察组采取LIFT术。比较两组手术时间、创面愈合时间及术后第1 d、第3 d及第7 d的创面VAS疼痛评分,术后1个月的总治愈率、术后并发症总发生率及随访6个月的复发率,比较两组术前、术后1个月及术后6个月的肛门功能（应用盆底肌电图和肛门直肠压力测定进行评价）。 结果观察组创面愈合时间为（27.44±6.12）d,短于对照组（32.71±8.35）d（t=-3.943,P=0.000）;两组术后第1 d与第3 d的VAS疼痛评分无明显差异（P>0.05）,观察组术后第7 d的VAS疼痛评分为（2.11±0.66）分,低于对照组（3.56±0.91）分（t=-9.991,P=0.000）。观察组与对照组愈合率分别为90.00%和93.33%,复发率分别为13.33%和10.00%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术后并发症总发生率为3.33%,低于对照组13.33%（χ²=3.927,P=0.048）。观察组术后1个月与6个月的耻骨直肠肌、内括约肌、外括约肌运动单位电位（MUP）平均时限及肛管静息压与肛管最大收缩压与术前比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）,对照组均下降（P<0.05）;观察组术后1个月与6个月的耻骨直肠肌、内括约肌、外括约肌MUP平均时限及肛管静息压与肛管最大收缩压均高于对照组。 结论LIFT术治疗经括约肌肛瘘可减轻手术对括约肌的损伤,从而减轻患者术后疼痛、促进创面愈合,减少术后并发症,使患者近远期肛门功能得到保护。     

Efficacy and safety of ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract in the treatment of anal fistula: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Anal fistula is characterized with perianal cellulitis, anorectal pain, smelly or bloody drainage of pus, and difficulty in controlling bowel movements. Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) technique is a recently developed approach against anal fistula, and it could alleviate the pain of the patient, with little postoperative trauma, which can greatly shorten the wound healing time and hospitalization stay. We conduct the meta-analysis and systematic review to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of LIFT in the treatment of anal fistula.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of LIFT against anal fistula will be searched in several Chinese and English databases. Two reviewers will independently conduct the literature extraction and risk of bias assessment. Statistical analysis will be conducted in RevMan 5.3.Results and conclusions:The study will help to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of LIFT in the treatment of anal fistula.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T4FUH     

四种抗高血压药物对单纯收缩期高血压患者短期降压疗效的研究

目的 探讨双氢克尿噻、阿替洛尔、硝苯地平缓释片、卡托普利在中国乡镇农村社区未治疗单纯收缩期高血压中的短期降压疗效.方法 442例单纯收缩期高血压患者随机分配4组：双氢克尿噻组（给予双氢克尿噻 12.5 mg/d,qd）113例;阿替洛尔组（给予阿替洛尔 12.5 mg/d,bid）66例;硝苯地平组（给予硝苯地平缓释片 10 mg/d,bid）130例;卡托普利组（给予卡托普利 12.5 mg/d,bid）133例,比较4周后四种抗高血压药物的降压疗效.结果 4周后收缩压、舒张压在各组中均明显下降.阿替洛尔降低收缩压作用低于双氢克尿噻（P=0.033）和硝苯地平缓释片（P=0.005）;双氢克尿噻降低舒张压作用明显低于硝苯地平缓释片（P=0.015）;双氢克尿噻降低脉压作用明显大于阿替洛尔（P=0.006）和卡托普利（P=0.019）;硝苯地平缓释片降低脉压作用明显高于阿替洛尔（P=0.026）.双氢克尿噻1年的费用约为11元.结论 从降压疗效及经济学上,双氢克尿噻是适合中国农民单纯收缩期高血压的首选一线药物.从降低血压各组分上,双氢克尿噻及硝苯地平缓释片优于阿替洛尔和卡托普利.     

Long-term results of seton drainage on complex anal fistulae in patients with Crohn's disease

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term (greater than 2 years) results of seton drainage on anal fistulae in patients with Crohn's disease. Methods: Between September 1990 and September 1999, 32 patients with Crohn's disease underwent seton drainage for complex anal fistulae. The median follow-up time in these patients was 62 months (range, 25–133 months). In 10 patients (31.3%), recurrent perineal abscesses occurred with inlying seton drainage, and these were drained by re-insertion of the seton. A Malecot catheter was also inserted in 8 patients with recurrence. Results: The overall success rate of long-term seton usage was 87.5%. The subsequent associated procedure was simple seton removal (n = 9), secondary core-out fistulectomy (n = 7), or lay-open fistulotomy (n = 4). Eleven patients still had the seton in place. Recurrence developed in 3 patients (33%) who underwent simple seton removal and in 2 patients (18.2%) who underwent the secondary core-out procedure or fistulotomy. At the last follow-up examination, continence had not changed in 28 (87.5%) of the 32 patients. No change in continence was experienced by 10 of the 11 patients who underwent secondary fistulotomy or the secondary core-out procedure. Conclusions: Long-term seton drainage for complex anal fistula in Crohn's disease is efficacious in both treating sepsis and preserving anal sphincter function. A relatively good result was achieved by the secondary core-out procedure or fistulotomy at the time of seton removal. Received: January 15, 2002 / Accepted: April 12, 2002 Reprint requests to: Y. Takesue     

Partial aortic root remodelling for fistula between the non-coronary sinus and the right atrium

This report describes a rare case of the fistula between the non-coronary sinus and the right atrium (RA) after ascending aortic replacement for chronic aortic dissection. A 67-year-old lady had been suddenly suffering from severe dyspnoea with general fatigue for a couple of days. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram in the emergency room demonstrated massive shunt flow from the non-coronary sinus to the RA with remarkable dilatation of the RA, right ventricle (RV) and inferior vena cava, similar to the rupture of sinus of Valsalva (Konno-type IV). The fistula was successfully treated by partial remodelling of the aortic root in an emergency basis because of her life-threatening illness. Some remaining diseased aortic root, which may be related to initial dissection or inappropriate use of gelatin-resorcin-formalin glue at the previous ascending aortic replacement, may cause this kind of serious events. Modified aortic root remodelling method with only diseased sinus resected was successfully applied to the localised aortic root disorder.     

改良TROPIS联合置管引流术治疗复杂性肛瘘的疗效及安全性研究

目的观察改良TROPIS联合置管引流术治疗复杂性肛瘘的疗效及安全性研究。 方法回顾性分析2019年4月~2020年10月在南京中医药大学附属南京中医院肛肠中心住院治疗的100例复杂性肛瘘（或伴脓肿）患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同,分为治疗组（采用改良TROPIS联合置管引流术,n=52）与对照组（采用切开挂线术,n=48）。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、疼痛评分（术后第1、3、7天）、创面面积（手术当天、术后7天、术后14天）、创面愈合时间、肛门Wexner评分（术后3个月）、肛管静息压和肛管最大收缩压（术后3个月）、术后并发症、临床疗效及复发情况。 结果两组患者术后3个月的肛门Wexner评分、复发率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。治疗组的手术时间更短（t=5.473,P＜0.05）,术中出血量更少（t=5.426,P＜0.05）,术后不同时点（第1、3、7天）的疼痛评分均低于对照组（t=5.873,6.665,2.162;P＜0.05）,不同时点的创面面积均小于对照组（t=40.744,40.154,42.535;P＜0.05）,创面愈合时间短于对照组（t=14.356,P＜0.05）,术后出现排尿不畅的并发症少于对照组（χ²=4.537,P＜0.05）,并发症的总发生率低于对照组（χ²=8.310,P＜0.05）,术后3个月的肛管静息压和肛管最大收缩压高于对照组（t=2.348,2.180;P＜0.05）,术后3个月的总有效率高于对照组（Z=4.947,P＜0.05）。 结论与切开挂线术相比,改良TROPIS联合置管引流术治疗复杂性肛瘘能缩短手术时间、减少术中出血、减轻术后肛门疼痛、缩短创面愈合时间、减少术后并发症,在保证疗效的情况下能更好地保护肛门功能。