广州市中学生身体行为对血压影响的等时替代研究

目的 基于等时替代模型,探讨广州市中学生不同身体行为与血压变化的关联。方法 采用横断面调查方法,于2020年11月至2021年6月期间,应用分层整群随机抽样在广州市抽取三所中学,对4 366名12～17岁学生进行问卷调查与血压测量。分别构建传统多重线性回归模型、分配模型和等时替代模型评价30 min中高强度运动(moderate-vigorous physical activity, MVPA)、低强度运动(light physical activity, LPA)或睡眠等时替代久坐对血压(Z值)的效应。结果 在全部对象中,传统回归模型及分配模型均表明,每天增加30 min的久坐与收缩压Z值升高存在统计学关联(β=0.011,95%CI=0.004～0.017;β=0.010,95%CI=0.003～0.017)。每天30 min的MVPA等时替代久坐时,中学生收缩压Z值下降0.015(β=-0.015,95%CI=-0.030～-0.001)。按性别分层,30 min的睡眠等时替代久坐时,男生的收缩压Z值下降0.027(β=-0.027,95%CI=-0.050～-0.004);在女...     

等时替代模型在流行病学研究中的应用

等时替代模型（ISM）是探索身体行为与健康结局之间真实关联的有力工具,在大型自然人群队列研究中具有突出的应用潜力。本文系统介绍ISM的原理和具体分析中的实现方法,以期为国内身体行为相关的流行病学研究提供分析思路。通过西北区域自然人群队列研究陕西省人群基线调查数据,分别采用单一活动模型、分割模型以及ISM分析身体活动与心血管疾病的关联,比较不同模型优缺点,展示ISM在量化身体活动健康风险研究中的优势。ISM可以较好量化身体活动与健康结局的真实关联,在流行病学研究中具有广泛的应用价值。     

大学生身体活动、久坐时间与腰围、体脂率的关系——等时替换模型

目的 用等时替换模型探索男、女大学生在校期间低强度身体活动(light physical activity,LPA)、中到高强度身体活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVP A)和静坐少动时间(sedentary time,ST)与体质指数(body mass inde...     

天津市部分大学生体力活动水平与身体成分的相关性

探讨天津市大学生体力活动水平与身体成分的相关性,为提高大学生健康水平提供理论参考.方法 招募天津大学、天津商业大学、天津理工大学363名在校大学生为测试对象.采用InBody 520人体成分分析仪测量身体成分,采用ActiGraph-GT3X加速度计记录7d体力活动数据.运用SPSS 23.0软件分析数据.结果 男生肌肉量、去脂体重、骨骼肌、躯干肌肉量均高于女生,体脂百分比低于女生(t值分别为6.20,6.16,6.18,6.47,-3.09,P值均<0.05).男、女生每天静坐时间均为10 h,女生每天中高等体力活动时间低于男生.男、女生每天静坐时间与体脂百分比、体脂肪均呈正相关,与肌肉量、去脂体重、骨骼肌、躯干肌肉量均呈负相关(P值均<0.01);每天轻体力活动时间、每天中高等体力活动时间、日均能量消耗、每周运动次数、每周运动时间与体脂百分比、体脂肪均呈负相关,与肌肉量、去脂体重、骨骼肌、躯干肌肉量均呈正相关(P值均<0.05).结论 静坐时间过长是天津市大学生超重肥胖的危险因素,增加中等以上体力活动时间可以降低肥胖风险.     

成年早期日常中高强度体力活动与身体成分最优模型研究

构建大学生日常中高及高强度体力活动及其主要身体成分的最优模型,寻求改善大学生身体成分的有效体力活动量.方法 采用ActiGraph-GT3X 加速度计对天津市3 所大学的363 名大学生进行7 d日常体力活动监测,采用Inbody 520 获得受试者的身体成分.采用曲线拟合构建大学生中高及高强度体力活动与去脂体重、体脂百分比之间的模型,根据校正拟合优度最大值同时信息论标准(information theoretical criterion,AIC) 值最小的原则获得最佳模型.结果 男生日常中高及高强度体力活动时间分别为25.7,10.2 min,女生分别为20.2,6.6 min; 男生超重、肥胖率分别为22.9%, 22.3%,女生分别为17.9%,7.6%.体脂百分比与中高强度、高强度体力活动时间之间存在负相关,去脂体重与中高强度、高强度体力活动时间之间存在正相关.男、女生5 种拟合曲线中仅直线、二次及三次曲线的AIC 值和R2 值有统计学意义,且男女生分别是三次、二次方程同时满足AIC 值最小和校正拟合优度R2 值最大.结论 成年早期男性中高及高强度体力活动时间与其去脂体重、体脂百分比之间的最优模型均为三次方程,女性则均为二次方程.增加中高及高强度体力活动时间有利于降低肥胖风险.     

正常高值血压职业人群健走干预效果等时替代模型分析

目的 了解正常高值血压职业人群健走干预效果,为正常高值血压职业人群健康改善提供量化建议。方法 收集参与2016年“万步有约”中国职业人群健走激励干预项目中有完整人口学信息、健康体测和步行数据的4 855名正常高值血压职业人群相关资料,采用等时替代模型分析低强度体力活动（LPA）、中等强度体力活动（MPA）、高强度体力活动（HPA）替代久坐行为（SB）对健康结果指标的替代效应。结果 等时替代模型分析结果显示,在保持总行为活动时间不变的情况下,30 min/d的MPA时间代替相同时间的SB会使正常高值血压职业人群的体质指数（BMI）、体脂率（BFP）、内脏脂肪指数（VAI）分别额外下降0.102(β=–0.102)、0.150%(β=–0.150)和0.071(β=–0.071)。亚组分析结果显示,30 min/d的MPA时间代替相同时间的SB会使男性正常高值血压职业人群BMI额外下降0.120(β=–0.120),女性正常高值血压职业人群BFP和VAI分别额外下降0.287%(β=–0.287)和0.119(β=–0.119),40～49岁正常高值血压职业人群BMI、BFP和VAI分别额...     

基于成分等时替代法建立青少年肥胖干预模型

目的 探讨体力活动(PA)、久坐(SB)和睡眠(SLP)之间等时替代与体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、体脂率(FAT)的关系,为控制青少年肥胖提供有效措施。方法 2022年5—8月在天津市第三十二中学和滨湖中学招募12～15岁青少年193名,使用常规测试方法测量受试者的身高、体重并计算BMI;采用三维加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X+)测量受试者的PA、SB和SLP。结果 15 min的等时替代结果发现,增加中高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间并减少其他活动时间时,BMI-Z减少0.17～0.22个单位、WC-Z减少0.16～0.20个单位、FAT-Z减少0.17～0.22个单位;MVPA与SLP、SB、低强度身体活动(LPA)之间的替代具有明显的不对称性;MVPA替代SB产生的效用>MVPA替代SLP产生的效用>MVPA替代LPA产生的效用;MVPA替代其他行为在MVPA时间增加5 min时最大(0.06～0.08个单位)。结论 MVPA在青少年肥胖的控制中起到不可替代的作用,在减少SB时间的同时应该增加MVPA时间,保证每天不低于55 min的MVPA时间才能有效...     

24 h活动行为与小学生身体素质的关系

目的 使用成分数据分析方法探究小学生24 h活动行为与身体素质之间的关系,为促进儿童青少年身体活动(PA)水平、提高身体素质提供理论依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法选取太原市迎泽区第二实验小学120名四、五年级的学生为研究对象,采用《国家体育锻炼标准工作指导手册》指标和20 m折返跑评价小学生身体素质,采用加速度计结合问卷调查24 h活动行为,通过成分多元线性回归分析各行为与各体质指标的关系,探讨成分等时替代的效应。结果 女生1 min仰卧起坐成绩[(24.79±7.77)个]低于男生[(28.21±6.52)个],坐位体前屈成绩高于男生[9.00(5.00,14.00),5.20(1.00,9.75)cm](t/Z值分别为2.60,-3.15,P值均<0.05)。男生呈现较高的低强度身体活动(LPA)、中高强度身体活动(MVPA)和较低的静坐行为(SB),女生则为较低的LPA、MVPA和较高的SB。小学生MVPA与30 s跳绳、20 m折返跑成绩呈正相关(β值分别为13.19,7.90,P值均<0.05)。睡眠(SLP)、SB、LPA与体质指标关联均无统计学意义。将10 ...     

拉萨市藏族初中生体力活动与身体成分的关联

了解拉萨市藏族初中生体力活动状况及其与身体成分之间的关联,为藏族初中生青春期体质健康促进提供支持.方法 按方便抽样,兼顾城郊分布的原则,在西藏拉萨市6所初中的1 246名藏族学生进行身体成分及体力活动调查.结果 拉萨市藏族初中生久坐时长为(562.5±88.3) min/d、中高强度为(54.2±11.2)min/d;男生中强度、高强度、中高强度体力活动时间均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为20.94,38.91,17.50,P值均<0.01);男生总体力活动量、总能量消耗高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为35.98,23.28,P值均<0.01);每天中高强度体力活动时间达60 min及以上人数比例为28.1%.初中生超重、肥胖体型的人数比例分别为8.4%,7.5%,腰高比≥0.5的学生占19.7%.男生在身高、体重、腰围、去脂体重指标方面均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为15.18,14.94,8.58,23.26,P值均<0.01);男生体脂百分比低于女生,差异有统计学意义(t=-40.33,P<0.01).男生和女生腰高比、身体脂肪含量、体脂百分比与久坐时长均呈正相关,与低强度、中强度、中高强度体力活动时间均呈负相关(P值均<0.05).结论 拉萨市藏族初中生体力活动水平相对较高,体力活动时间与身体成分呈负相关,保持一定体力活动对身体脂肪控制起积极作用.     

儿童青少年24 h活动行为与肥胖相关指标的关系

目的 采用成分数据分析法探讨儿童青少年24 h活动行为与肥胖指标间的关联并探究活动行为间等时替代后指标产生的定量变化,为儿童青少年预防肥胖提供具体的活动行为建议。方法 2021年6月在山西省太原市1所小学和1所中学按照随机整群抽样方法,从8个班级中选取231名学生。采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测试学生24 h活动行为,采用Inbody J20身体成分分析仪,通过生物电阻抗法(BIA)测试身体成分。使用成分多元线性回归分析探讨各成分与肥胖指标间的关系,采用某一行为的30 min替代另一行为,预测替代后对结局变量产生的变化。结果 调整身高、体重、年龄、性别等协变量后,相对于久坐行为(SB)、睡眠(SLP)、低强度身体活动(LPA)所花费时间,学生中高强度身体活动(MVPA)所花费时间与去脂体重指数(FFMI)呈正相关(β=0.40)、与腰围(WC)(β=-2.50)和腰臀比(WHR)(β=-0.04)呈负相关;相对于SB、SLP、MVPA所花费时间,LPA所花费时间与WHR(β=0.06)呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。30 min/d的MVPA分别替代SLP、SB、LP...     

The association of physical activity,sleep, and screen time with mental health in Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal isotemporal substitution analysis

BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health is a global concern. Increased screen time and reduced physical activity due to the lockdown measures have been linked to detrimental mental health outcomes; however, the literature remains limited by cross-sectional and retrospective designs, and consideration of behaviours in isolation. Prospective evidence is necessary to examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep and screen time influenced changes in mental health.MethodAnalyses used data from a prospective cohort study of secondary school students in Canada with baseline data from the 2018–2019 school year and linked follow-up data from online surveys completed during the initial COVID-19 outbreak (May–July 2020). Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate the within- and between-person isotemporal substitution effects of sleep, MVPA and screen time behaviours on depression, anxiety, subjective well-being, and trait emotional dysregulation.ResultsLinked longitudinal data from 2645 students attending 44 schools were available. Between-person effects indicated that individuals who engaged in more MVPA and sleep while minimizing screen time had lower depression scores, less severe emotional dysregulation, and better subjective well-being. While controlling for between-person effects, within-person year-on-year change suggests those who increased screen time while decreasing either MVPA or sleep experienced mental health decline on all outcomes.ConclusionMVPA and sleep were associated with youth mental health during the early COVID-19 lockdown. Increasing MVPA and sleep (or at least mitigating the increase of screen time) compared to the prior year was associated with better mental health during the early pandemic. A limitation to consider is that the screen time measure represents a combination of screen behaviours, and effects of replacing screen time may have varied if distinctions were made.     

Sport participation in high school and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood

The longitudinal associations between sport participation and symptoms of four anxiety sub-types (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, agoraphobia) were assessed. Participants (n = 781; 45% male; M_age = 20.34 ± 0.71 years) provided data on sport participation over five years of high school and measures of anxiety three years post high school. Sport participation was analyzed both as the total number of years playing sports over five years and the number of years playing team or individual sports. In logistic regression analyses, number of years playing sports was associated with fewer panic disorder and agoraphobia symptoms in young adulthood. Further, number of years playing team sports was associated with fewer symptoms of panic and agoraphobia, while number of years playing individual sports was associated with fewer social phobia symptoms. The results suggest that consistent involvement in sport during high school is beneficial for mental health. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of studying each anxiety symptom subtype as a unique outcome.     

视障大学生体育活动、应对方式与焦虑的关系

目的 探讨视障生体育活动、应对方式与焦虑之间的关系,为缓解视障生焦虑症状和促进心理健康提供依据。方法 采用整体抽样的方法,使用焦虑自评量表(CSQ)、应对方式问卷(SAS)和体育活动等级量表(PAR-3)对97名视障生进行调查,通过皮尔逊相关分析探寻视障大学生体育活动、应对方式与焦虑之间的关系。结果 视障生焦虑得分为40.73±9.44分,焦虑症状检出率为12.40%;不同身体活动量水平的视障生在焦虑得分上存在显著差异(F=4.875,P<0.05)。焦虑组与非焦虑组视障生在应对方式的自责、幻想、退避和合理化维度上差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2.955、2.299、2.810和2.270,P值均＜0.05）。焦虑与应对方式中自责、幻想、退避和合理化维度呈正相关（r分别为0.514、0.398、0.509、0.405,P值均＜0.001）;与体育活动呈负相关（r=-0.258,P＜0.05）。结论 体育活动与应对方式是影响视障生心理焦虑的重要因素,自责、幻想、退避等消极应对方式能够加重视障生心理焦虑,体育活动能够降低视障生的焦虑水平,促进其心理健康。     

Effects of reallocating physical activity,sedentary behaviors,and sleep on mental health in adolescents

ObjectivePhysical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are associated with mental health in adolescents. Mental health may depend not only on the amount of time spent in a specific activity, but also on the activity it displaces. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reallocating 15 min of time spent in one health behavior with 15 min in another on adolescent mental health.MethodsCross-sectional data from the students participating in the COMPASS Study (2018–2019) were analyzed (N = 46,413). Participants self-reported the amount of time they spent engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), doing homework and using screens, and their sleep duration on average each day, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and flourishing. Data were analyzed using isotemporal substitution modeling.ResultsAmong adolescents getting less than the recommended amount of sleep, replacing any behavior with sleep was generally associated with better mental health outcomes. Conversely, among adolescents getting adequate sleep, the findings did not support replacing other behaviors with sleep with the exception of screen time. Replacing homework and MVPA with sleep was associated with less flourishing regardless of sleep duration.ConclusionsReplacing screen time with any behavior may be better for mental health outcomes. Results provide further support for the critical role of sleep in promoting healthy development during adolescence, though more sleep than is recommended may confer little benefit for mental health. The findings demonstrate that mental health benefits may be obtainable at intervals as short as 15 min.     

武汉市高中生新型毒品尝试行为与抑郁焦虑压力的关联性分析

目的 探讨高中生抑郁、焦虑、压力与新型毒品尝试行为的关系,为开展高中生禁毒教育工作提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取武汉市某职业高中和普通高中共1 791名学生,运用问卷调查高中生的个人特征、新型毒品尝试情况、压力、焦虑、抑郁.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响新型毒品尝试行为的心理影响因素....     

The association between well-being and a large variation of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior measures

Higher well-being has been associated with more physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior (SB), both when assessed by self-report or accelerometers. Most studies using accelerometer data only examined estimates of total volume or daily average of PA/SB in relation to well-being. Taking into account the richness of accelerometer data, we investigated the association of different measures of SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and well-being including the combined effect and the PA/SB timing and patterns. We explored whether results differed between occupational and non-occupational time.In an adult sample (n = 660, M_age: 30.4, SD = 8.1, 74.5% female), we applied pre-registered analyses. First, we created different global scores of SB, LPA and MVPA based on 4 to 7-days of Actigraph data and investigated associations with well-being, i.e., defined as life satisfaction. These analyses were done using raw scores and transformed scores using compositional data analysis. Next, we applied multilevel models including time of the day and well-being as predictors of PA/SB. Finally, we clustered participants based on PA/SB intensity, timing and accumulation and explored differences in well-being across clusters.In total wear time, there were no associations between different measures of SB/LPA/MVPA and well-being. Restricting to non-occupational wear time, less total SB and more total LPA were associated with higher well-being, both in absolute and relative sense. Well-being was not associated with the PA/SB timing or patterns. In conclusion, beyond the association between total non-occupational SB and LPA and well-being, the PA/SB timing or patterns had no added value in explaining the association between PA/SB and well-being.     

扬州市初中生体力活动与睡眠焦虑的关系

  目的  探讨初中生体力活动现状及其与睡眠、焦虑的关系,为改善身体素质、调节心理健康提供切实有效的证据。  方法  采取分层随机抽样方法,于2021年3—7月选取扬州市4个县区12所初中的11 436名初中生为调查对象。利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、体力活动等级量表(PARS-3)以及广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)采集受试者体力活动等级、睡眠得分以及焦虑得分。采用单因素方差分析、χ2检验分析初中生各项指标之间的差异及相关性,采用线性回归分析体力活动与睡眠质量、焦虑的关系。  结果  有34.30%的初中生为低体力活动水平;初中男生的体力活动得分(32.01±13.02)高于女生(24.73±12.30)(t=30.73,P < 0.01);不同体力活动水平学生焦虑、睡眠质量差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为260.20,1 570.20,P值均 < 0.01);体力活动水平与性别(χ2=918.11)、父母运动支持(χ2=100.04)、睡眠质量(χ2=2 903.64)、焦虑(χ2=521.38)均相关(P值均 < 0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示,中体力活动与睡眠质量呈负相关(B=-3.61,P < 0.05);中、高体力活动水平与焦虑呈负相关(B值分别为-0.98,-0.91,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  扬州市初中生体力活动水平不理想,同时存在睡眠障碍、焦虑等问题,适当的体力活动能有效改善睡眠障碍、焦虑问题。     

117名高中生外语焦虑与认知方式的关系研究

目的探讨高中生的外语焦虑分布特征以及对外语成绩的影响。方法采用外语课堂焦虑量表（FLCAS）、镶嵌图形测验（EFT）,对117名高中生进行调查。结果男生的外语焦虑水平显著高于女生,文理科高中生的外语焦虑差异无统计学意义;场独立型高申生的外语焦虑显著高于场依存者;外语焦虑与外语成绩呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论场独立型高中生过高的焦虑水平会阻碍他们的外语学习,应针对性地开展外语教学。     

Understanding sex differences in physical activity behavior: The role of anxiety sensitivity

ProblemThere is a well-evidenced sex-disparity in physical activity (PA), such that females are significantly less active than males. Anxiety sensitivity, the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations, is a cognitive-affective vulnerability associated with increased negative affect during PA and lower levels of PA. The current study examined anxiety sensitivity as a potential sex-specific, psychological factor related to sex differences in past-week PA behavior in daily cigarette smokers.MethodParticipants (n = 527; 53.3% female) completed an anonymous online survey on emotion and health. Anxiety sensitivity was assessed with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. Past-week, self-reported PA minutes were measured across four intensities (e.g., walking, moderate, vigorous, and total PA) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short. Four zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were constructed to test the main and interactive effects of sex and anxiety sensitivity on PA outcomes.ResultsFemales reported significantly fewer past-week PA minutes relative to males across all domains. At higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, males reported significantly fewer total PA minutes; whereas, total PA levels in females were not dependent on anxiety sensitivity level. Additionally, females with elevated anxiety sensitivity reported significantly more past-week walking minutes relative to females with low anxiety sensitivity, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in males.ConclusionThis is the first study to our knowledge to examine sex differences in anxiety sensitivity and PA, at varying PA intensities, among smokers. These data have the potential to inform sex-specific models of anxiety, PA, and smoking.