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1.
GG Song  SJ Choi  JD Ji  YH Lee 《Human immunology》2012,73(10):1055-1059

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the SUMO4 M55V (A163G) polymorphism confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted on the association between the SUMO4 M55V polymorphism and T1D using; (1) allelic contrast (G vs. A), and the (2) recessive (GG vs. GA+AA), (3) dominant (GG+GA vs. AA), and (4) additive models (GG vs. AA).

Results

Thirteen separate studies were considered in the meta-analysis, which in total included 5915 patients and 6660 controls, and five European and eight Asian sample populations. Europeans had a higher prevalence of the G allele than Asians (50.4% vs. 30.2%). Meta-analysis of the SUMO4 M55V polymorphism showed an association between T1D and the SUMO4 G allele in all study subjects (OR = 1.236, 95% CI = 1.112–1.373, p = 7.9 × 10−6), and stratification by ethnicity indicated a highly significant association between the SUMO4 G allele and T1D in Asians (OR = 1.303, 95% CI = 1.169–1.452, p = 1.78 × 10−7) and a marginal association with T1D in Europeans (OR = 1.177, 95% CI = 1.000–1.386, p = 0.050). Furthermore, significant associations were found between the SUMO4 M55V polymorphism and T1D and all study subjects, Europeans, and Asians using the dominant model (OR = 1.239, 95% CI = 1.144–1.342, p = 1.4 × 10−8; OR = 1.156, 95% CI = 1.051–1.271, p = 0.003; OR = 1.461, 95% CI = 1.262–1.691, p = 3.8 × 10−8, respectively).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis indicates that the SUMO4 M55V polymorphism confers susceptibility to T1D in Asians and Europeans.  相似文献   

2.
An EEG-based brain–computer system can be used to control external devices such as computers, wheelchairs or Virtual Environments. One of the most important applications is a spelling device to aid severely disabled individuals with communication, for example people disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). P300-based BCI systems are optimal for spelling characters with high speed and accuracy, as compared to other BCI paradigms such as motor imagery. In this study, 100 subjects tested a P300-based BCI system to spell a 5-character word with only 5 min of training. EEG data were acquired while the subject looked at a 36-character matrix to spell the word WATER. Two different versions of the P300 speller were used: (i) the row/column speller (RC) that flashes an entire column or row of characters and (ii) a single character speller (SC) that flashes each character individually. The subjects were free to decide which version to test. Nineteen subjects opted to test both versions. The BCI system classifier was trained on the data collected for the word WATER. During the real-time phase of the experiment, the subject spelled the word LUCAS, and was provided with the classifier selection accuracy after each of the five letters. Additionally, subjects filled out a questionnaire about age, sex, education, sleep duration, working duration, cigarette consumption, coffee consumption, and level of disturbance that the flashing characters produced. 72.8% (N = 81) of the subjects were able to spell with 100% accuracy in the RC paradigm and 55.3% (N = 38) of the subjects spelled with 100% accuracy in the SC paradigm. Less than 3% of the subjects did not spell any character correctly. People who slept less than 8 h performed significantly better than other subjects. Sex, education, working duration, and cigarette and coffee consumption were not statistically related to differences in accuracy. The disturbance of the flashing characters was rated with a median score of 1 on a scale from 1 to 5 (1, not disturbing; 5, highly disturbing). This study shows that high spelling accuracy can be achieved with the P300 BCI system using approximately 5 min of training data for a large number of non-disabled subjects, and that the RC paradigm is superior to the SC paradigm. 89% of the 81 RC subjects were able to spell with accuracy 80–100%. A similar study using a motor imagery BCI with 99 subjects showed that only 19% of the subjects were able to achieve accuracy of 80–100%. These large differences in accuracy suggest that with limited amounts of training data the P300-based BCI is superior to the motor imagery BCI. Overall, these results are very encouraging and a similar study should be conducted with subjects who have ALS to determine if their accuracy levels are similar.  相似文献   

3.
YH Lee  GG Song 《Human immunology》2012,73(10):1050-1054

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor superfamily 4 (TNFSF4) and TNF receptor-associated factor 1-complement 5 (TRAF1-C5) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

The authors conducted meta-analyses on associations between polymorphisms of the TNFSF4 (rs2205960, rs1234315, rs10489265) and TRAF1-C5 (rs10818488, rs3761847) genes and SLE susceptibility, using fixed and random effects models.

Results

A total of 21 comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis; meta-analysis showed an association between the minor allele of rs2205960 of TNFSF4 and SLE in all study subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.356, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.275–1.442, p < 1.0 × 10−9). Meta-analysis revealed an association between the minor alleles of rs1234315 and rs10489265 of TNFSF4 and SLE in Asians (OR = 1.366, 95% CI = 1.295–1.440, p < 1.0 × 10−9; OR = 1.463, 95% CI = 1.208–1.771, p = 9.7 × 10−5). The minor allele of rs10818488 of TRAF1-C5 was found to be significantly associated with SLE in Europeans (OR = 1.210, 95% CI = 1.115–1.313, p = 5.0 × 10−6). The association p-values remained significant after multiple corrections.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis confirms that TNFSF4 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to SLE in Asians and Europeans. An association was found between the rs10818488 polymorphism of TRAF1-C5 and susceptibility to SLE in Europeans.  相似文献   

4.
Pimenta F  Leal I  Maroco J  Ramos C 《Maturitas》2012,72(4):324-331

Objective

Hormonal changes during menopausal transition are linked to physical and psychological symptoms’ emergence. This study aims to explore if life events predict menopausal symptoms.

Methods

This cross-sectional research encompasses a community sample of 992 women who answered to socio-demographic, health, menopause-related and lifestyle questionnaires; menopausal symptoms and life events were assessed with validated instruments. Structural equation modeling was used to build a causal model.

Results

Menopausal status predicted only three symptoms: skin/facial hair changes (β = .136; p = .020), sexual (β = .157; p = .004) and, marginally, vasomotor symptoms (β = .094; p = .054). Life events predicted depressive mood (β = −.391; p = .002), anxiety (β = −.271; p = .003), perceived cognitive impairment (β = −.295; p = .003), body shape changes (β = −.136; p = .031), aches/pain (β = −.212; p = .007), skin/facial hair changes (β = −.171; p = .021), numbness (β = −.169; p = .015), perceived loss of control (β = −.234; p = .008), mouth, nails and hair changes (β = −.290; p = .004), vasomotor (β = −.113; p = .044) and sexual symptoms (β = −.208; p = .009).

Conclusions

Although women in peri- and post-menopausal manifested higher symptoms’ severity than their pre-menopausal counterparts, only three of the menopausal symptoms assessed were predicted by menopausal status. Since the vast majority of menopausal symptoms’ severity was significantly influenced by the way women perceived their recent life events, it is concluded that the symptomatology exacerbation, in peri- and post-menopausal women, might be due to life conditions and events, rather than hormonal changes (nonetheless, the inverse influence should be investigated in future studies). Therefore, these should be accounted for in menopause-related clinical and research settings.  相似文献   

5.

Objective

To describe patient hypertension knowledge and associations with blood pressure measurements.

Methods

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were asked about the impact of high blood pressure on kidneys and their target blood pressure goal. Systolic blood pressure was measured using automated sphygmomanometers.

Results

In 338 adults with hypertension and pre-dialysis CKD, the median [IQR] age was 59 [47,68] years, 45% [n = 152] were women, and 18% [n = 62] were non-white. Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) was associated with female sex (SBP mmHg median [IQR] 132 [117,149] women vs. 137 [124,152] men; p = 0.04), less advanced CKD (SBP 134 [122,147] stages 1–2 vs. 132 [118,148] stage 3 vs. 140 [125,156] stages 4–5; p = 0.01), and patient ability to correctly identify SBP goal (SBP 134 [119,150] correct vs. 141 [125,154] incorrect; p = 0.05). In adjusted analysis, knowledge of blood pressure goal remained independently associated with lower SBP (−9.96 mmHg [−19.97, −1.95] in correct respondents vs. incorrect; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patient knowledge of goal blood pressure is independently associated with improved blood pressure control.

Practice implications

Interventions to improve patient knowledge of specific blood pressure targets may have an important role in optimizing blood pressure management.  相似文献   

6.
The P300 component and the oscillatory 4–7 Hz electroencephalographic activity of auditory event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed to study differences between passive and oddball task conditions. Theta responses from 15 adults were analyzed for single-sweep amplitude, phase locking, and enhancement against prestimulus activity. ERPs were characterized by enhanced and strongly phase-locked theta oscillations in the early (0–300 ms) poststimulus epoch, with only the late (300–600 ms) theta responses at Fz and Pz affected by the oddball condition. P300 was strongly associated not only with the concurrent theta oscillations but also with the evoked theta activity preceding P300 (0–300 ms). It was concluded that single theta response parameters can reveal specific functional differences between passive and oddball conditions and that a strong relationship exists between the theta frequency component and the time domain P300 ERP component.  相似文献   

7.
Audiovisual integration has been known to enhance perception; nevertheless, another fundamental audiovisual interaction, i.e. attention rivalry, has not been well investigated. This paper studied the attention rivalry under irrelevant audiovisual stimulation using event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral analysis, and tested the existence of a vision dominated rivalry model. Participants need respond to the target in a bi- or unimodal audiovisual stimulation paradigm. The enhanced amplitude of central P300 under visual target bimodal stimulus indicated that vision demanded more cognitive resources, and the significant amplitude of frontal P200 under bimodal stimulus with non-target auditory stimulus implied that the brain mostly restrained the process of the non-target auditory information. ERP results, together with the analysis of the behavioral data and the subtraction waves, indicated a vision dominated attention rivalry model involved in audiovisual interaction. Furthermore, the latencies of P200 and P300 components implied that audiovisual attention rivalry occurred within the first 300ms after stimulus onset, i.e. significant differences were found in P200 latencies among three target bimodal stimuli, while no difference existed in P300 latencies. Attention shifting and re-directing might be the cause of such early audiovisual rivalry.  相似文献   

8.

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the health risks of excess body weight in the light of its protective effects on bone fragility.

Methods

Femoral neck and lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed for 1970 Finnish women with a mean baseline age of 58.8 years (range 53.1–65.7 years) in 1994 and 2004. Women were categorized according to baseline BMI into normal <25 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2 and obese ≥30 kg/m2. Weight change (kg) was categorized into tertiles. Co-morbidities, not allowed to be present at baseline, was based on self-reports. Osteoporosis was defined as femoral neck or spinal (L2–L4) T-score <−2.5 SD at 10-year follow-up or <−2.0 SD + low trauma energy follow-up fracture. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the 10-year risk of incident health disorders. Adjustment for age, number of diseases, alcohol intake and smoking was used in the multivariate models.

Results

Obesity (Ob) and overweight (Ow) were related with higher 10-year risk of hypertension (OR = 2.6 (Ob)/OR = 1.7 (Ow), p < 0.001), coronary artery disease (OR = 1.6, p < 0.05/OR = 1.2, p = NS), diabetes (OR = 11.7/OR = 5.3, p < 0.001), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.4, p < 0.05/OR = 1.1, p = NS), chronic back pain (OR = 1.6, p = 0.007/OR = 1.2, p = NS) and poor self-rated health (OR = 2.4, p < 0.05/OR = 1.5, p = NS) and lower risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.13/OR = 0.28, p < 0.001). Weight change of less than +1 kg was associated 1.8 and 2.6 times lower 10-year risk of having hypertension and breast cancer than weight change over 6.2 kg. Among obese women the absolute risk increase of hypertension was 17%, of diabetes 12%, and absolute risk reduction of osteoporosis 14% in comparison to BMI <25 kg/m2.

Conclusions

Health related risks of high BMI outweigh its protective effects on bone. Weight gain increases the risk hypertension and breast cancer.  相似文献   

9.
There are two major sources of cholinergic projections in the brain. The nucleus basalis of Meynert provides the principal cholinergic input of the cortical mantle and the pedunculopontine nucleus–laterodorsal tegmental complex (PPN–LDTC; hereafter referred to as PPN) provides the major cholinergic input to the thalamus. Cortical cholinergic denervation has previously been shown to be part of Alzheimer and parkinsonian dementia but there is less information about subcortical thalamic cholinergic denervation. We investigated thalamic cholinergic afferent integrity by measuring PPN–Thalamic (PPN–Thal) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity via PET imaging in Alzheimer (AD), Parkinson disease without dementia (PD), Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). AD (n = 13; mean age 75.4 ± 5.5), PD (n = 11; age 71.4 ± 6.4), PDD (n = 6; age 70.8 ± 4.7), DLB (n = 6; age 68.0 ± 8.6) and normal controls (NC; n = 14; age 69.0 ± 7.5) subjects underwent AChE [11C]-methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate (PMP) PET imaging. PPN–Thal PET data were analyzed using the Nagatsuka method. There were no significant differences in mean age between the groups (F = 1.86, p = 0.134). Kruskal–Wallis testing demonstrated a significant group effect for PPN–Thal AChE hydrolysis rates (F = 9.62, p < 0.0001). Compared to NC, reduced thalamic k3 hydrolysis rate was noted in subjects with PDD (−19.8%; AChE k3 hydrolysis rates 0.1072 ± 0.0143 min−1), DLB (−17.4%; 0.1103 ± 0.0112 min−1) and PD (−12.8%; 0.1165 ± 0.0114 min−1). Each of these 3 subgroups was statistically different from AD subjects (−0.7%; 0.1326 ± 0.0095 min−1) who showed relatively spared thalamic k3 hydrolysis rates which were comparable to NC (0.1336 ± 0.0142 min−1). Thalamic cholinergic denervation is present in PD, PDD, and DLB but not in AD. Neurodegenerative involvement of thalamic cholinergic afferent projections may contribute to disease-specific motor and cognitive abnormalities.  相似文献   

10.

Objective

To examine whether physical activity during the last five years is related to later breast mammographic density in postmenopausal Greek women.

Methods

We designed a cross-sectional study in 724 women, of ages 45–67 years. An interview-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on duration and intensity of recreational physical activity during five years preceding study recruitment. Mammograms were evaluated according to BIRADS classification and BIRADS score was also estimated. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between physical activity index and breast density according to the BIRADS classification methods.

Results

We observed a statistically significant inverse association of mammographic breast density measured by the BIRADS classification method and recreational exercise (OR = −0.10; 95% CI −0.018, −0.001; p = 0.022). For one unit increase in physical activity as expressed by the MET-h/week score, the odds of lower versus higher breast density categories are 1.105 greater, given that all of the other variables in the model are held constant. A modifying effect by age at recruitment was evident among participants, with a stronger inverse association between recreational activity and mammographic breast density among older women (OR = −0.036; 95% CI −0.063, −0.009; p = 0.009). An inverse association between physical activity and BIRADS score was evident, not reaching statistical significance (OR = 0.00; 95% CI −0.009, 0.008; p = 0.887).

Conclusions

Mammographic breast area was lower in postmenopausal women who participated in sports/recreational physical activity compared to inactive controls. Increasing physical activity levels among postmenopausal women might be a reasonable approach to reduce mammographic density. However, until more physical activity and mammographic breast density studies are conducted that confirm our findings, they have to be interpreted with caution, due to the retrospective nature of our data and the possibility of memory bias.  相似文献   

11.
Dopaminergic nigro-striatal depletion interferes with the detection of novel stimuli. This suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) may generate from the initial stages a failure in involuntary attention (IA), which can be studied through the distraction potential, composed by the mismatch negativity (MMN), the P3a and the reorientation negativity (RON). This study analyzed IA using event-related potentials (ERPs) in patients with early PD with and without dopaminergic replacement therapy. Twenty-five medicated, and 17 non-medicated patients with early PD were studied, as well as 20 healthy control subjects. All subjects performed an auditory distraction task while a digital EEG was being recorded. The distraction potential was obtained by averaging methodology. Each wave was analyzed with a Repeated Measures ANOVA test. The MMN was obtained in all subjects and no significant differences in mean amplitude were found among the groups. There was a main effect of group for the amplitude of P3a (F(2,59) = 4.8, p = 0.01, ? = 0.411), with a significant lower amplitude in the medicated group compared to the control group (MD = −1.03, p = 0.003). RON also showed a main effect of group (F(2,59) = 4.8, p = 0.01, ? = 0.467), with significantly lower amplitudes in non-medicated patients with respect to both the control and medicated groups (MD = 1.19, p = 0.01, MD = 1.27, p = 0.005, respectively). There were no significant differences in the latencies of any of the waves among the groups. The main finding of this study was the reduction in the IA in early PD. Reorientation of attention (RON) showed a dopaminergic modulation in these patients. These results represent the basis for future in depth studies on the involvement of IA in executive impairments in PD.  相似文献   

12.

Background

Late life depression, including patients with vascular depression, has been associated with higher levels of intima-media thickness (IMT). Although individuals with vascular depression tend to report a later onset of depression, the relationship of IMT and age of first depressive episode is uncertain in younger adults. We therefore investigated the relationship between IMT and age of first depressive episode in a sample of 202 adults (age range 40–81 years) with major depression (MDD).

Methods

Depression status was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview Schedule and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients underwent a physical examination in which a medical history was obtained. IMT was measured from the left and right common carotid arteries. Simple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between IMT and self-reported age of first depressive episode.

Results

IMT was associated with a later onset of first major depressive episode (b = .225, P = .0005) and this association remained significant after controlling for age, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, smoking pack years, physical activity, high- and low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, triglyceride levels, and history of chronic medical conditions (b = .142, P = .028). Each .10 mm increase in IMT was associated with a 2.6-year later reported occurrence of first major depressive episode (MDE). Similarly, higher levels of IMT were associated with fewer previous MDEs (b = −.149, P = .020) and this effect remained significant in our multivariate model (b = −.140, P = .030). In contrast, IMT was not associated with current depressive severity (b = −.024, P = .720).

Conclusions

Greater levels of IMT are associated with a later onset of depression and fewer previous depressive episodes among middle-aged and older adults, independent of cardiovascular co-morbidities. These findings provide preliminary evidence that increased vascular burden may be associated with a later onset of depression.  相似文献   

13.
Pimenta F  Leal I  Maroco J  Ramos C 《Maturitas》2011,69(4):338-342

Objective

To develop a model to predict the perceived severity of hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in symptomatic middle-aged women.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of a community-based sample of 243 women with vasomotor symptoms. Menopausal status was ascertained using the ‘Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop’ criteria. Women's ‘perceived control’ over their symptoms was measured by a validated Portuguese version of the Perceived Control over Hot Flushes Index. Structural equation modelling was employed to construct a causal model of self-reported severity of both HF and NS, using a set of 20 variables: age, marital status, parity, professional status, educational level, family annual income, recent diseases and psychological problems, medical help-seeking behaviour to manage menopausal symptoms, use of hormone therapy and herbal/soy products, menopause status, intake of alcohol, coffee and hot beverages, smoking, physical exercise, body mass index and perceived control.

Results

Significant predictors of perceived severity were the use of hormone therapy for both HF (β = −.245; p = .022) and NS (β = −.298; p = .008), coffee intake for both HF (β = −.234; p = .039) and NS (β = −.258; p = .029) and perceived control for both HF (β = −1.0; p < .001) and NS (β = −1.0; p < .001). The variables explained respectively 67% and 72% of the variability in the perceived severity of HF and NS. Women with high perceived control had a significantly lower frequency (t(235) = 2.022; p = .044) and intensity of HF (t(217) = 3.582; p < .001); similarly, participants with high perceived control presented a lower frequency (t(235) = 3.267; p < .001) and intensity (t(210) = 3.376; p < .001) of NS.

Conclusion

Perceived control was the strongest predictor of the self-reported severity of both HF and NS. Other causal predictors were hormone therapy and caffeine intake. All three were associated with less severe vasomotor symptoms.  相似文献   

14.

Objective

The PREPARE programme study is a randomized controlled trial which aims to determine whether structured education can be used to increase physical activity and improve glucose tolerance in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This paper outlines the rationale, design and baseline data from the PREPARE programme study.

Methods

Individuals with IGT were recruited from ongoing diabetes screening programmes. Outcomes included an oral glucose tolerance test, physical activity (piezoelectric pedometer) and psychological determinants.

Results

103 individuals (male n = 65; female n = 38) were recruited, 28% of whom were from a South Asian ethnic background. At baseline the participants’ mean age and BMI were 64 ± 9 years and 29.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2 respectively. Steps per day were associated with 2-h glucose (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.03), fasting glucose (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.04), HDL-cholesterol (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.02), triglycerides (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.03) and body fat percentage (ρ = −0.26, p = 0.01). Mean self-efficacy scores were significantly (p < 0.01) higher for walking than for any other form of exercise. Participants reported high levels of concern about their IGT status but were confident that exercise would help treat/control IGT.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the importance of developing effective physical activity and self-management programmes for individuals with IGT.

Practice implications

This study provides a detailed framework for the promotion of physical activity in a population identified with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes which, if successful, could feasibly be implemented in a primary health care or community setting.  相似文献   

15.

Objective

The aim of the study was to confirm the superior efficacy of estriol containing pessaries compared to placebo in the treatment of vaginal atrophy.

Study design

In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 436 postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy (vaginal maturation index, VMI < 40%; vaginal pH > 5; most bothersome symptom, MBS ≥ 65 on visual analogue scale, VAS) were treated with pessaries containing either 0.2 mg estriol (N = 142) or 0.03 mg estriol (N = 147) or with a matching placebo (N = 147) for 12 weeks.

Main outcome measures

Primary efficacy endpoints included increase in VMI, decrease of the vaginal pH value and decrease in intensity of MBS after 12 weeks of treatment.

Results

The increase in VMI was significantly greater under 0.2 mg estriol and 0.03 mg estriol (46.3 ± 17.0 and 38.4 ± 19.4, respectively) compared to placebo (23.9 ± 21.5; p values < 0.001), vaginal pH decreased significantly more (−1.6 ± 0.8 and −1.4 ± 0.9, respectively) compared to placebo (−0.6 ± 0.8; p values < 0.001) and MBS intensity (VAS) declined significantly more (−52.2 ± 23.7 and −47.1 ± 23.4, respectively) compared to placebo (−31.8 ± 26.3; p values < 0.001). Adverse events were rare and occurred at similar rates in all three groups.

Conclusions

Superiority of estriol containing pessaries over placebo was shown in the local treatment of vaginal atrophy. Even a very low dose of 0.03 mg estriol proved sufficient for local treatment of vaginal atrophy with excellent tolerability.  相似文献   

16.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate how sociodemographic parameters, lifestyle indicators and intensity of climacteric symptoms affect the quality of life (QOL) of Greek community dwelling middle-aged women.

Study design

This population survey included 1140 middle-aged women aged 45–65 who represented 1% of the whole female population of this age group in Greece, stratified by residential area.

Main outcome measures

Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, medical history, the Utian quality of life (QOL) scale and the Greene climacteric scale rating menopausal symptoms.

Results

In the univariate analysis, normal body mass index, married status, higher education, employment, good financial status, physical exercise and a high calcium diet were associated with higher total QOL scores (p-value < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher total QOL scores were predicted by being married (separated/divorced/widowed: beta = −3.17, p-value = 0.008), by physical exercise (beta = 4.84 and beta = 4.57 for 1–3 h and >3 h per week respectively, p-value < 0.001) and by a good financial status (beta = 7.05, p-value < 0.001), while a higher score in the Greene scale resulted in lower total QOL scores (beta = −0.77, p-value < 0.001). Women with a better QOL were more health conscious and more probable to have utilized the public health preventive resources.

Conclusions

Menopause as a life event has no effect on the QOL of Greek middle-aged women. On the contrary, the presence and intensity of climacteric symptoms have a negative impact on all aspects of QOL. Marital and financial status, as well as physical exercise, are also significant predictors of QOL.  相似文献   

17.

Objective

There is evidence to suggest that elevated glucose concentration and clinical diabetes are associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the association may be confounded by knee symptoms, concomitant treatment for OA or diabetes. We performed a longitudinal cohort study to examine the relationship between serum glucose concentration and knee structure in adults with no knee symptoms or diabetes.

Methods

179 participants who had fasting serum glucose measurements at 1990–4, with no knee symptoms or diabetes (physician-diagnosed or fasting serum glucose ≥7 mmol/L), underwent knee MRI in 2003–4 and 2 years later. Body mass index was measured at 1990–4 and 2003–4. Cartilage volume and bone marrow lesions were determined from MRI at 2003–4 and 2006–7.

Results

Fasting serum glucose concentration was positively associated with the rate of tibial cartilage volume loss over 2 years in women (B = 44.2 mm3, 95% CI 4.6, 83.8) but not in men (B = 6.0 mm3, 95% CI −68.5, 80.6). Fasting serum glucose concentration was positively associated with incident bone marrow lesions in women (OR = 5.76, 95% CI 1.06, 31.21) but not in men (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01, 1.79) with significant gender difference (p = 0.001 for interaction).

Conclusion

Increased fasting serum glucose concentration in a non-diabetic population was associated with adverse structural changes at the knee in women but not in men, suggesting that there may be susceptibility to knee structural change even below the arbitrary “diabetic range” of serum glucose levels. The sex differences warrant further investigation as this may be one mechanism underlying the sex difference in knee OA.  相似文献   

18.

Objective

To test and optimize the feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity (PA) and healthy eating behavior change intervention for obese adults with obesity-related co-morbidities or additional risk factors for co-morbidities.

Methods

Open-pilot intervention study using an uncontrolled pre and post design with ongoing measures on intervention acceptability and feasibility. Participants received 5 weekly nurse-led one-hour long group sessions. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed throughout. PA, dietary behavior and weight were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

Of 74 consenting participants, 61 (82%) received and 47 (64%) completed the intervention. Average ratings of intervention materials and components by participants ranged between 4.1 and 4.9 out of 5. Average facilitator satisfaction rating was 90% (range 75–100%). The intervention delivery was feasible as indicated by ratings and comments from participants and the facilitator. Participants lost −0.86 kg of weight t(45) = 3.84, p = 0.0001, and increased PA by an additional 1.6 (SD = 2.7) sessions/week, t(31) = −3.3, p = 0.002. No significant dietary differences emerged.

Conclusion

The intervention was acceptable to the facilitator and participants and feasible for delivery. Several intervention aspects were further optimized.

Practice implications

The current study outlines a PA and dietary behavior change pilot intervention coupled with a systematic and transparent process of intervention optimization.  相似文献   

19.
Introduction: Several lines of evidence support an immunologic involvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): the increased prevalence of OCD in patients with rheumatic fever (RF), and the aggregation of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders among relatives of RF probands. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in RF and other autoimmune diseases. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNFA gene have been associated with RF. Given the association between OCD and RF, the goal of the present study was to investigate a possible association between polymorphisms within the promoter region of TNFA and OCD. Materials and methods: Two polymorphisms were investigated: −308 G/A and −238 G/A. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of these polymorphisms were examined in 111 patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for OCD and compared with the frequencies in 250 controls. Results: Significant associations were observed between both polymorphisms and OCD. For −238 G/A, an association between the A allele and OCD was observed (χ2 = 12.05, p = 0.0005). A significant association was also observed between the A allele of the −308 G/A polymorphism and OCD (χ2 = 7.09, p = 0.007). Finally, a haplotype consisting of genotypes of these two markers was also examined. Significant association was observed for the A–A haplotype (p = 0.0099 after correcting for multiple testing). Discussion: There is association between the −308 G/A and −238 G/A TNFA polymorphisms and OCD in our Brazilian sample. However, these results need to be replicated in larger samples collected from different populations.  相似文献   

20.
Wavelet Analysis of P3a and P3b   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Target/standard discrimination difficulty and the degree of stimulus "novelty" were manipulated systematically in a three-stimulus oddball task to assess how these variables affect target and non-target P300 scalp distributions for visual stimuli. Wavelet transformation (WT) analyses were performed on the non-target (P3a) and target (P3b) ERPs to assay how the underlying electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was affected by both the difficulty and novelty factors. When target/standard discrimination was easy, P300 amplitude was higher for the target than the non-target across all electrode sites, and both demonstrated parietal maximums. In contrast, when target/standard discrimination was difficult, non-target amplitude (P3a) was higher and earlier over the frontal/central electrode sites for both levels of novelty, whereas target amplitude (P3b) was greater parietally and occurred later than the non-target components and was generally unaffected by non-target novelty level. The WT analyses indicated that appreciable theta activity was related to the more novel non-target stimuli; primarily target component delta coefficients were affected by the discrimination difficulty variable. The findings suggest that target/standard discrimination difficulty, rather than stimulus novelty, determines P3a generation for visual stimuli but that the underlying theta oscillations are differentially affected by stimulus novelty. WT analysis methods are discussed along with the theoretical and neurophysiological implications of the findings.  相似文献   

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