Superselective Embolization in Posttraumatic Priapism with Glubran 2 Acrylic Glue

Two patients with posttraumatic priapism underwent transcatheter embolization using microcoils, resulting in temporary penile detumescence and an apparent resolution of the artero-venous fistula. In both cases, priapism recurred 24 hours after the procedure and was successfully treated through selective transcatheter embolization of the nidus using acrylic glue (Glubran 2). The patients showed complete recovery of sexual activity within 30 days from the procedure and persistent exclusion of the artero-venous fistula after a 12-month follow-up.     

Management of Severe Hemoptysis from Pulmonary Aspergilloma Using Endovascular Embolization

Purpose To determine the effectiveness of endovascular embolization as a temporizing measure in the management of severe hemoptysis caused by intracavitary pulmonary aspergilloma. Methods Patients presenting with hemoptysis, estimated to be more than 300 ml in the preceding 24 hr, in whom a radiological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma was made on chest radiographs and/or computed tomography of the chest were subjected to bronchial and systemic arteriography and embolization using triacryl microspheres. Results Twelve patients with upper lobe intracavitary aspergillomas were managed with embolization. In 11 patients hemoptysis stopped within 24 hr and with no recurrence over the next 4 weeks. In 1 patient hemoptysis persisted and an upper lobe lobectomy was performed. Conclusion Embolization of bronchial and systemic arteries is an effective method for treating acute severe hemoptysis from intracavitary aspergillomas, allowing the patient time to recover for definitive surgical management.     

Percutaneous Endovascular Treatment of Chronic Iliac Artery Occlusion

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological long-term results of recanalization of chronic occluded iliac arteries with balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Methods: Sixty-nine occluded iliac arteries (mean length 8.1 cm; range 4–16 cm) in 67 patients were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement. Evaluations included clinical assesment according to Fontaine stages, Doppler examinations with ankle–brachial index (ABI) and bilateral lower extremity arteriograms. Wallstent and Cragg vascular stents were inserted for iliac artery recanalization under local anesthesia. Follow-up lasted 1–83 months (mean 29.5 months). Results: Technical success rate was 97.1% (67 of 69). The mean ABI increased from 0.46 to 0.85 within 30 days after treatment and was 0.83 at the most recent follow-up. Mean hospitalization time was 2 days and major complications included arterial thrombosis (3%), arterial rupture (3%) and distal embolization (1%). During follow-up 6% stenosis and 9% thrombosis of the stents were observed. Clinical improvement occurred in 92% of patients. Primary and secondary patency rates were 75% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: The long-term patency rates and clinical benefits suggest that percutaneous endovascular revascularization with metallic stents is a safe and effective treatment for patients with chronic iliac artery occlusion.     

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Concurrent Spontaneous Hematomas of the Rectus Sheath and Psoas Muscle in Patients Undergoing Anticoagulation

We report a case of concurrent rectus sheath and psoas hematomas in a patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy, treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of inferior epigastric and lumbar arteries. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated signs of active bleeding in two hematomas of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls. Transfemoral arteriogram confirmed the extravasation of contrast from the right inferior epigastric artery (RIEA). Indirect signs of bleeding were also found in a right lumbar artery (RLA). We successfully performed TAE of the feeding arteries. There have been few reports in the literature of such spontaneous hemorrhages in patients undergoing anticoagulation, successfully treated by TAE.     

Endovascular Treatment of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: Results in 14 Patients

We evaluated immediate and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement to treat stenotic and occluded arteries in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia. Fourteen patients were treated by 3 exclusive celiac artery (CA) PTAs (2 stentings), 3 cases with both Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) and CA angioplasties, and 8 exclusive SMA angioplasties (3 stentings). Eleven patients had atheromatous stenoses with one case of an early onset atheroma in an HIV patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. The other etiologies of mesenteric arterial lesions were Takayashu arteritis (2 cases) and a postradiation stenoses (1 case). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Two major complications were observed: one hematoma and one false aneurysm occurring at the brachial puncture site (14.3%). An immediate clinical success was obtained in all patients. During a follow-up of 1–83 months (mean: 29 months), 11 patients were symptom free; 3 patients had recurrent pain; in one patient with inflammatory syndrome, pain relief was obtained with medical treatment; in 2 patients abdominal pain was due to restenosis 36 and 6 months after PTA, respectively. Restenosis was treated by PTA (postirradiation stenosis), and by surgical bypass (atheromatous stenosis). Percutaneous endovascular techniques are safe and accurate. They are an alternative to surgery in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia due to short and proximal occlusive lesions of SMA and CA.     

Embolization for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Secondary to Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma

Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to metastatic renal cell carcinoma involving the jejunum is rare but has been previously described in the medical literature. Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma are limited, but transcatheter arterial embolization can be performed to control gastrointestinal hemorrhage either alone or prior to surgical resection. We describe a case of successful transcatheter arterial embolization for control of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma invading the jejunum and review the literature. Arteriography provided both the diagnosis of recurrent disease and the means of therapy.     

Reperfusion of Splanchnic Artery Aneurysm Following Transcatheter Embolization: Treatment with Percutaneous Thrombin Injection

We describe a case of reperfusion of an aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery following transcatheter coil embolotherapy. The lesion was successfully treated by direct puncture of the aneurysm under computed tomographic guidance, followed by injection of thrombin. This technique is useful when an endovascular approach is not feasible.     

Ileocolic Arteriovenous Fistula with Superior Mesenteric Vein Aneurism: Endovascular Treatment

We report a case of a venous aneurysm secondary to an acquired ileocolic arteriovenous fistula in a 64-year-old woman with recurrent abdominal pain and history of appendectomy. The aneurysm was diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography. Angiography showed an arteriovenous fistula between ileocolic branches of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. This vascular abnormality was successfully treated with coil embolization.     

MRI对自发性肾脏出血的评价

目的 探讨MRI对自发性肾脏出血的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析21例不同病因所致自发性肾脏出血的MRI资料，主要观察MRI对出血灶的显示、出血责任病变的检出及出血的病因诊断。结果 MRI清晰地显示了21例共25个出血灶的部位、形态、范围，甚至肾实质的破裂口，而不同时期出血的信号强度具特征性，据此可大致判定出血时间。MRI对出血责任病变的检出率为60％，对出血灶肿瘤性病因诊断准确率为80％，对非肿瘤性病因诊断准确率为54．5％。结论 MRI能敏感地发现自发性肾脏出血，准确估计出血部位、出血量并可判定出血时间，具有较高的出血责任病变检出率和病因诊断准确性，因此在本病的诊断中具有重要价值。     

骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的临床价值。资料与方法 15例骨盆骨折合并盆腔大出血患者,经抗休克、止血等内科保守治疗无效,在外伤后2～5h行急诊血管造影,根据造影结果,选用明胶海绵颗粒或细条、不锈钢圈栓塞髂内动脉或出血动脉分支。结果 除1例在造影过程中死亡而未行栓塞外,其余14例均在1h内完成栓塞治疗,成功率93．3％（14／15）,栓塞后活动性出血停止,失血性休克得到纠正,有效率达100％（14／14）,其中12例经康复治疗后出院,2例因发生弥漫性血管内凝血（DIE）或合并颅脑损伤而死亡。未出现严重的栓塞后并发症。结论 经导管动脉栓塞是急诊治疗骨盆骨折所致盆腔大出血的一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

Postcatheterization Retroperitoneal Hematoma Due to Spontaneous Lumbar Arterial Hemorrhage

A patient developed retroperitoneal hemorrhage after cardiac catheterization, initially thought to be a complication of the puncture. Diagnostic evaluation revealed the source to be spontaneous bleeding from a lumber artery, which was successfully embolized. Spontaneous hemorrhage is a recognized complication of anticoagulation therapy and must be considered in the differential diagnosis even in the face of a seemingly obvious source of bleeding.     

Permanent Pacemaker-Induced Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Successful Treatment by Endovascular Stent

The use of metallic stents in the management of benign and malignant superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is well documented. Symptomatic stenosis or occlusion of the SVC is a rare complication of a transvenous permanent pacemaker implant. Suggested treatments have included anticoagulation therapy, thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty and surgery. More recently, endovascular stenting has evolved as an attractive alternative but the data available in the literature are limited. We describe a case in which venous stenting with a Wallstent endoprosthesis was used successfully. The patient remains symptom free and with normal pacemaker function 36 months later.     

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage from Adrenal Artery Aneurysm

Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage is a very rare but serious disorder of the adrenal gland that can require emergent treatment. We report on a 42-year-old man who underwent selective angiography for diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal hemorrhage from small adrenal artery aneurysm. This case gives further details about the value of transluminal artery embolization in the management of visceral aneurysm rupture.     

急诊髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折大出血

目的:探讨急诊髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折大出血的临床价值。方法:对12例骨盆骨折合并失血性休克的患者行紧急髂内动脉造影,对出血动脉用明胶海绵进行栓塞;伴有肝脾破裂者同时行肝脾动脉栓塞。结果:髂内动脉造影显示对比剂血管外溢11例,伴髂内动脉主要分支断流2例,1例仅表现为髂内动脉分支广泛痉挛伴脾下极动脉出血;栓塞后出血均停止,全部患者24h内血压回升至正常水平,术后未发生严重的并发症。除1例合并多脏器功能衰竭(MODS)死亡外,其余都得到有效救治。结论:急诊髂内动脉栓塞是院内急救骨盆骨折大出血的首选方法,具有迅速、安全的优点。     

经导管髂内动脉栓塞治疗外伤性骨盆骨折大出血

目的：探讨经导管栓塞髂内动脉治疗外伤引起盆腔大出血的临床价值。方法：23例创伤性盆腔大出血,经保守治疗无效,急诊行单侧或双侧髂内动脉造影,明确出血部位后,经导管用明胶海绵或微弹簧圈栓塞。结果：23例出血停止,休克症状消失,血压稳定上升。无1例死亡。结论：经导管栓塞髂内动脉或其分支治疗创伤性盆腔大出血快速有效,创伤小,并发症少。     

Acute Renal Failure after Uterine Artery Embolization

Renal failure is a potential complication of any endovascular procedure using iodinated contrast, including uterine artery embolization (UAE). In this report we present a case of acute renal failure (ARF) following UAE performed as a treatment for uterine fibroids. The likely causes of ARF in this patient are explored and the possible etiologies of renal failure in patients undergoing UAE are reviewed.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血的CT诊断

目的:探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)自发性出血的CT征象及诊断价值。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的肾AML并发出血10例,分析其CT表现。结果:全部病例均为多脂肪型,右肾6例,左肾4例,肿瘤直径8.5~25.0 cm,均有不同程度肾实质破坏。其中急性出血8例,肿瘤内出血表现为瘤体内片状或地图样高密度区,肾周血肿显示片带状软组织密度环绕在肿瘤和肾脏周围或脂肪密度混杂在软组织中,肾旁出血表现为血液在腹膜后间隙广泛延伸,慢性腹膜后血肿2例,表现为较大的混杂密度团块增强后包膜中度强化。结论:自发性出血是肾AML常见而严重的并发症,CT是诊断本病最好的影像学检查方法之一,能明确出血部位、范围,估计出血量和肾组织破坏程度,为临床诊断和治疗提供有价值的信息。     

产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗的不良反应及并发症探讨

目的:探讨动脉栓塞法治疗急诊产后大出血的不良反应及并发症及其防治。方法:对57例急诊产后大出血患者的双侧子宫动脉或和髂内动脉以及部分患者的卵巢动脉用明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞。结果:所有病例均出现有栓塞术后综合征;1例患者出现血尿(1.8%);13例患者出现髋部及下肢疼痛、麻木(22.8%);19例患者出现臀部疼痛、红肿、硬结(33.3%);1例患者出现子宫性闭经(1.8%);全组病例未出现子宫坏死或卵巢功能减退等其它严重并发症。结论:产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗会出现一定的不良反应及并发症,在治疗过程中进行超选择性栓塞,不进行过度栓塞,严防栓塞剂返流,可避免大部分严重并发症的发生。     

Inadvertent Embolization of a Persistent Sciatic Artery in Pelvis Trauma

We describe a case of unilateral persistent sciatic artery (PSA), a rare vascular anomaly, in a 43-year-old woman with severe multiple trauma. A small amount of diluted embolization particles went into this vessel during emergent endovascular therapy under fluoroscopic monitoring. The procedure was immediately stopped when the true nature of the anatomic variant was recognized. Fortunately, an ischemic event of the lower leg did not occur. The imaging findings of computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography are presented and the relevant literature is reviewed.     

Vascular Radiology in Trauma: A Review

Its been 30 years since an endovascular technique to control traumatic hemorrhage was first described. Despite major technical advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic technology, and a great deal of experience since then, endovascular techniques are rarely considered as part of frontline management for vascular trauma. This review considers the literature and calls for better planning and implementation of diagnostic and image=guided therapeutic facilities. Endovascular techniques should be an essential part of vascular trauma management along with endovascular specialists, partners in trauma teams.