选择性脑亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤

目的　比较选择性脑亚低温与全身亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果。方法　将 6 9例重型颅脑损伤 (GCS≤ 8分 )患者分成 3组 :(1 )选择性脑亚低温组 2 3例 ,头部局部降温 ,将脑温降至 33～ 35℃ ,治疗 3～ 5日 ;(2 )全身亚低温组 2 2例 ,全身降温 ,将脑温降至 33～ 35℃ ,治疗 3～ 5日 ;(3)常温对照组 2 4例 ,予常规治疗。结果　选择性脑亚低温组预后良好率为 5 6 .5 % (1 3/ 2 3) ,病死率 2 1 .7% (5 / 2 3) ,与全身亚低温组相仿 [分别为 5 4 .5 % (1 2 / 2 2 )和 2 2 .7% (5 / 2 2 ) ],与对照组比较 (良好率 2 5 % ,病死率 4 5 .8% ) ,有显著差异(P <0 .0 5 )。全身组与对照组总并发症发生率比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而选择性脑亚低温组总并发症发生率明显低于全身组与对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　选择性脑亚低温对重型颅脑损伤的疗效与全身亚低温相仿 ,明显优于常温对照组 ,是目前治疗重型颅脑损伤安全而有效的方法之一。     

亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤脑脊液乳酸及酸碱平衡的影响

目的　对重型颅脑损伤患者在亚低温治疗过程中的脑脊液PO2 、PCO2 、pH值、乳酸水平及动脉血pH值进行监测分析 ,探讨亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤脑脊液酸碱平衡的影响。方法　收集 4 2例重型颅脑伤 (GCS≤ 8分 )患者 ,平均年龄 4 1 .7岁。亚低温组于伤后 1 2小时内实施亚低温治疗 (32～ 34℃ ) ,时程 3～ 5天 ;对照组给予常规治疗。两组均于降温前、降温 2 4、4 8、72小时各时段测定脑脊液PO2 、PCO2 、pH值、乳酸水平及动脉血pH值 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　脑温及体温的变化对血pH值影响不大。血pH值大致波动在正常范围 ,而脑脊液pH值始终低于正常。各时段的脑脊液pH值均明显低于血pH值 (P <0 .0 5 )。亚低温组和对照组在降温前时段 ,脑脊液PO2 、PCO2 、乳酸水平无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;降温 2 4、4 8、72小时时段 ,亚低温组脑脊液PO2 、PCO2 、乳酸水平明显低于对照组。结论　亚低温治疗在降低重型颅脑损伤 (GCS≤ 8分 )患者脑脊液PO2 的同时 ,也降低了脑脊液PCO2 、乳酸水平 ,但不能改善脑脊液的低pH值状态     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床应用及脑氧代谢研究

目的　探讨亚低温疗法对重型颅脑损伤患者的脑保护机理及临床疗效。方法　 112例重型颅脑损伤患者 (GCS≤ 8分 )随机分为亚低温治疗组和常温治疗组。亚低温组 6 5例 ,于伤后 4～ 12小时内行亚低温治疗 ,术中将脑温探头置于硬膜下腔 ,将脑温控制在 32～ 35℃。亚低温治疗 4～ 7天 ,同时检测颈动脉和颈静脉血气及电解质变化、颅内压 (ICP)、血糖及生命体征等指标。常温组除未行亚低温治疗外 ,其余治疗及监测方法同亚低温组。两组病人均于伤后 3个月根据GOS预后评分判定疗效。结果　与常温组比较 ,亚低温治疗组病人脑氧耗明显好转 ,伤后早期高颅压 (ICP)、高血糖情况分别显著下降 ,生命体征及电解质等无明显差异 ,无严重并发症 ,死残率明显降低 ,预后显著改善。结论　亚低温具有显著的脑保护作用 ,临床应用于重型颅脑损伤的救治安全有效 ,无严重并发症     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤22例护理体会

在重型颅脑损伤治疗中,亚低温(30～35℃)能显著减轻颅脑损伤后神经功能障碍和脑病理形态损害,保护血脑屏障,从而明显降低重型颅脑伤的死亡率,改善预后[1]?我科从1998年10月～1999年10月共选择重型颅脑损伤患者46例,随机分2组进行治疗护理观察比较,该研究发现亚低温配合常规治疗,取得满意效果,现报告如下?1 临床资料1.1 病例选择和分组 46例重型颅脑损伤(GCS≤7分)患者中,男30例,女16例,年龄6～78岁;随机分为亚低温治疗组22例,其中脑挫裂伤14例,颅内血肿8例;对照组24例,其中脑挫裂伤12例,颅内血肿12例?1.2 治疗方法 亚低温治疗方法:降温前3…     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的护理体会

90年代以来 ,临床研究结果发现 ,30℃～ 33℃亚低温能显著降低重型颅脑伤患者的死亡率 ,改善颅脑伤患者神经功能和预后 ,不产生严重并发症。 36例重型颅脑伤病人 ,其中 2 3例经亚低温治疗 ,取得显著疗效 ,护理工作取得了一些经验 ,现总结如下。1　临床资料与方法1.1　一般资料　 36例重型颅脑损伤 (ＧＣＳ≤ 7分 )男性 32例 ,女性 14例 ,年龄 2 0～ 10 5岁 ,平均年龄 6 2 5岁 ,膜膜外血肿 10例 ,硬膜下血肿 12例 ,弥散性血肿 9例 ,原发性脑干损伤 1例 ,脑室出血 4例。 2 3例经亚低温治疗 ,死亡 4例(17 3% )。 13例未经亚低温治疗 ,死亡 7例…     

亚低温疗法在重型颅脑损伤治疗中的作用

目的探讨亚低温冬眠疗法对重型颅脑损伤患者的脑保护机制及临床疗效。方法将65例重型颅脑损伤患者(格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤8分)随机分为亚低温组(33例)和常温组(32例)。亚低温组入院后1~5 h内行亚低温冬眠治疗,输液泵持续静脉点滴冬眠合剂,肛温控制在32~35℃,亚低温冬眠治疗3~7 d,同时检测颈动脉和颈静脉血气、电解质、生命体征等指标。常温组除未行亚低温冬眠治疗外,其余治疗及监测方法同亚低温组。两组患者均于伤后根据格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)判定疗效。结果亚低温组比常温组脑氧耗及死残率明显降低,预后明显改善。结论亚低温冬眠疗法具有显著的脑保护作用,临床应用于重型颅脑损伤救治安全有效,无严重并发症。     

高压氧联合亚低温治疗重型颅脑外伤88例临床观察

目的 探讨高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)联合亚低温治疗重型颅脑外伤的临床疗效及对并发症的影响.方法 将222例重型颅脑外伤患者经知情同意后按治疗方法分为HBO联合亚低温组(联合组,88例)、亚低温治疗组(亚低温组,60例)和HBO治疗组(HBO组,74例),以发病后1～11d为亚低温治疗时间,联合组与HB0组同时辅助HBO治疗,疗程结束后进行并发症发生率、临床治疗效果、3个月后格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分(GCS)、格拉斯哥预后量表评分(GOS)及6个月后远期生活质量评估量表评分(KPS)比较.结果 亚低温组肺部感染发生率(41.7％)和肾功能损害发生率(25.0％)与其他2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);联合组显效率(64.8％)和总有效率(93.2％)与其他2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);3个月后,联合组GCS与GOS明显高于其他2组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).6个月后联合组KPS也明显高于其他2组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 HBO联合亚低温治疗重度颅脑外伤,能明显降低重度颅脑外伤患者致残率和死亡率,显著改善患者神经功能,明显改善预后.     

重型颅脑损伤临床规范化治疗的探讨

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温救治重型颅脑损伤,术后配合中医药的疗效。方法：将96例重型颅脑损伤病人随机分为2组：A组：行改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温治疗62例;B组：行标准大骨瓣开颅术常规治疗34例。术后均配合中医药治疗。根据预后评分（GOS）评价病人预后。结果：术后随访1～6个月,平均3各月。A组恢复率为60%,与B组比较,具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;A组重残率7%,低于B组（P〈0.05）;A组死亡率15%,与B组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：改良大骨瓣开颅术可降低重型颅脑损伤的死亡率;选择性亚低温治疗具有脑保护功能,加快神经功能恢复,提高其恢复良好率;术后中医参与治疗,使意识恢复加快,并发症减少。改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温中医药参与的联合治疗,是降低重型颅脑损伤的死亡率、重残率,提高患者生存质量的有效措施。     

高压氧并亚低温在重型颅脑损伤治疗中的作用

为探讨高压氧 (HBO)并用亚低温在重型颅脑损伤治疗中的作用 ,本文报告 1998年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 3月治疗的 90例患者 ,其中 45例加用 HBO和亚低温 ,结果显示疗效比单纯常规治疗显著 ,现报告如下。一、临床资料1.一般资料 :90例重型颅脑伤患者中 ,男 6 3例 ,女 2 7例 ;2 0～ 2 9岁 6 9例 ,40～ 5 9岁 18例 ,6 0岁以上 3例。分成常规治疗组 (A组 )和加用 HBO、亚低温治疗组 (B组 )各 45例。A组 :单纯脑挫裂伤 2 6例 ,合并颅内血肿 19例 ;GCS评分 3分 5例 ,4～ 5分 18例 ,6～ 8分 2 2例。B组 :单纯脑挫裂伤 2 4例 ,合并颅内血肿 2 1例 ;G…     

亚低温对重型颅脑伤患者血清细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-8的影响及临床意义。方法 选择符合条件的重型颅脑损伤患者[格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）3～8分]共23例，于伤后24h内行亚低温治疗，控制直肠温度33～35℃，持续5d；对照组20例（GCS3～8分）。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）监测两组患者外周血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8在伤后第1，2，3，4天的动态变化。结果 亚低温治疗组患者血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8浓度较常规治疗组明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论 亚低温通过降低重型颅脑损伤患者血清中细胞因子的水平，减少了患者多器官功能障碍综合征的发生。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.