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Review of bats and SARS 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Bats have been identified as a natural reservoir for an increasing number of emerging zoonotic viruses, including henipaviruses and variants of rabies viruses. Recently, we and another group independently identified several horseshoe bat species (genus Rhinolophus) as the reservoir host for a large number of viruses that have a close genetic relationship with the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Our current research focused on the identification of the reservoir species for the progenitor virus of the SARS coronaviruses responsible for outbreaks during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. In addition to SARS-like coronaviruses, many other novel bat coronaviruses, which belong to groups 1 and 2 of the 3 existing coronavirus groups, have been detected by PCR. The discovery of bat SARS-like coronaviruses and the great genetic diversity of coronaviruses in bats have shed new light on the origin and transmission of SARS coronaviruses. 相似文献
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Coronavirus antibodies in African bat species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Müller MA Paweska JT Leman PA Drosten C Grywna K Kemp A Braack L Sonnenberg K Niedrig M Swanepoel R 《Emerging infectious diseases》2007,13(9):1367-1370
Asian bats have been identified as potential reservoir hosts of coronaviruses associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). We detected antibody reactive with SARS-CoV antigen in 47 (6.7%) of 705 bat serum specimens comprising 26 species collected in Africa; thus, African bats may harbor agents related to putative group 4 CoV. 相似文献
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Christine V.F. Carrington Jerome E. Foster Hua Chen Zhu Jin Xia Zhang Gavin J.D. Smith Nadin Thompson Albert J. Auguste Vernie Ramkissoon Abiodun A. Adesiyun Yi Guan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2008,14(12):1890-1893
Bat coronaviruses (Bt-CoVs) are thought to be the precursors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We detected Bt-CoVs in 2 bat species from Trinidad. Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and helicase confirmed them as group 1 coronaviruses. 相似文献
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Cui J Han N Streicker D Li G Tang X Shi Z Hu Z Zhao G Fontanet A Guan Y Wang L Jones G Field HE Daszak P Zhang S 《Emerging infectious diseases》2007,13(10):1526-1532
Recent studies have suggested that bats are the natural reservoir of a range of coronaviruses (CoVs), and that rhinolophid bats harbor viruses closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV, which caused an outbreak of respiratory illness in humans during 2002-2003. We examined the evolutionary relationships between bat CoVs and their hosts by using sequence data of the virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and the bat cytochrome b gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed multiple incongruent associations between the phylogenies of rhinolophid bats and their CoVs, which suggested that host shifts have occurred in the recent evolutionary history of this group. These shifts may be due to either virus biologic traits or host behavioral traits. This finding has implications for the emergence of SARS and for the potential future emergence of SARS-CoVs or related viruses. 相似文献
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Shumpei Watanabe Joseph S. Masangkay Noriyo Nagata Shigeru Morikawa Tetsuya Mizutani Shuetsu Fukushi Phillip Alviola Tsutomu Omatsu Naoya Ueda Koichiro Iha Satoshi Taniguchi Hikaru Fujii Shumpei Tsuda Maiko Endoh Kentaro Kato Yukinobu Tohya Shigeru Kyuwa Yasuhiro Yoshikawa Hiroomi Akashi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2010,16(8):1217-1223
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Amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Drexler JF Corman VM Wegner T Tateno AF Zerbinati RM Gloza-Rausch F Seebens A Müller MA Drosten C 《Emerging infectious diseases》2011,17(3):449-456
Bats host noteworthy viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses. Knowledge on the ecology of reservoir-borne viruses is critical for preventive approaches against zoonotic epidemics. We studied a maternity colony of Myotis myotis bats in the attic of a private house in a suburban neighborhood in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, during 2008, 2009, and 2010. One coronavirus, 6 astroviruses, and 1 novel adenovirus were identified and monitored quantitatively. Strong and specific amplification of RNA viruses, but not of DNA viruses, occurred during colony formation and after parturition. The breeding success of the colony was significantly better in 2010 than in 2008, in spite of stronger amplification of coronaviruses and astroviruses in 2010, suggesting that these viruses had little pathogenic influence on bats. However, the general correlation of virus and bat population dynamics suggests that bats control infections similar to other mammals and that they may well experience epidemics of viruses under certain circumstances. 相似文献
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Susanne Pfefferle Samuel Oppong Jan Felix Drexler Florian Gloza-Rausch Anne Ipsen Antje Seebens Marcel A. Müller Augustina Annan Peter Vallo Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Thomas F. Kruppa Christian Drosten 《Emerging infectious diseases》2009,15(9):1377-1384
We tested 12 bat species in Ghana for coronavirus (CoV) RNA. The virus prevalence in insectivorous bats (n = 123) was 9.76%. CoV was not detected in 212 fecal samples from Eidolon helvum fruit bats. Leaf-nosed bats pertaining to Hipposideros ruber by morphology had group 1 and group 2 CoVs. Virus concentrations were <45,000 copies/100 mg of bat feces. The diversified group 1 CoV shared a common ancestor with the human common cold virus hCoV-229E but not with hCoV-NL63, disputing hypotheses of common human descent. The most recent common ancestor of hCoV-229E and GhanaBt-CoVGrp1 existed in ≈1686–1800 ad. The GhanaBt-CoVGrp2 shared an old ancestor (≈2,400 years) with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–like group of CoV. 相似文献
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Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) which caused the outbreak of human SARS in 2002–2003. We introduce the genetic diversity of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) discovered in bats and provide insights on the bat origin of human SARS. We also analyze the viral geographical structure that may improve our understanding of the evolution of bat SARSr-CoVs. 相似文献
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Suxiang Tong Christina Conrardy Susan Ruone Ivan V. Kuzmin Xiling Guo Ying Tao Michael Niezgoda Lia Haynes Bernard Agwanda Robert F. Breiman Larry J. Anderson Charles E. Rupprecht 《Emerging infectious diseases》2009,15(3):482-485
Diverse coronaviruses have been identified in bats from several continents but not from Africa. We identified group 1 and 2 coronaviruses in bats in Kenya, including SARS-related coronaviruses. The sequence diversity suggests that bats are well-established reservoirs for and likely sources of coronaviruses for many species, including humans. 相似文献
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Van der Poel WH Van der Heide R Verstraten ER Takumi K Lina PH Kramps JA 《Emerging infectious diseases》2005,11(12):1854-1859
To study European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) in bat reservoirs in the Netherlands, native bats have been tested for rabies since 1984. For all collected bats, data including species, age, sex, and date and location found were recorded. A total of 1,219 serotine bats, Eptesicus serotinus, were tested, and 251 (21%) were positive for lyssavirus antigen. Five (4%) of 129 specimens from the pond bat, Myotis dasycneme, were positive. Recently detected EBLV RNA segments encoding the nucleoprotein were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically (45 specimens). All recent serotine bat specimens clustered with genotype 5 (EBLV1) sequences, and homologies within subgenotypes EBLV1a and EBLV1b were 99.0%-100% and 99.2%-100%, respectively. Our findings indicate that EBLVs of genotype 5 are endemic in the serotine bat in the Netherlands. Since EBLVs can cause fatal infections in humans, all serotine and pond bats involved in contact incidents should be tested to determine whether the victim was exposed to EBLVs. 相似文献
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European bat lyssavirus in Scottish bats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Brookes SM Aegerter JN Smith GC Healy DM Jolliffe TA Swift SM Mackie IJ Pritchard JS Racey PA Moore NP Fooks AR 《Emerging infectious diseases》2005,11(4):572-578
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Li Yang Zhiqiang Wu Xianwen Ren Fan Yang Guimei He Junpeng Zhang Jie Dong Lilian Sun Yafang Zhu Jiang Du Shuyi Zhang Qi Jin 《Emerging infectious diseases》2013,19(6):989-991
To clarify the evolutionary relationships among betavoronaviruses that infect bats, we analyzed samples collected during 2010–2011 from 14 insectivorous bat species in China. We identified complete genomes of 2 novel betacoronaviruses in Rhinolophus pusillus and Chaerephon plicata bats, which showed close genetic relationships with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. 相似文献
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Bat lyssavirus infections 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
McColl KA Tordo N Aguilar Setién AA 《Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)》2000,19(1):177-196
Bats, which represent approximately 24% of all known mammalian species, frequently act as vectors of lyssaviruses. In particular, insectivorous bats play an important role in the epidemiology of rabies and some rabies-like viruses, while the haematophagous vampire bats are the major wildlife vector for rabies in Latin America. In contrast, the role of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the epidemiology of the recently discovered Australian bat lyssavirus is only just emerging. Information on the pathogenesis of lyssaviruses in bats is scarce. However, in general, mortality in bats infected via a natural route appears to be low, and seroconversion occurs in many of those that survive. While transmission of rabies from an infected bat may be via a bite, other routes are apparently also possible. Methods for the diagnosis of bat lyssavirus infections in bats and terrestrial mammals (including humans) are similar to the classical procedures for rabies. Measures for the prevention and control of these diseases are also similar to those for rabies, although additional innovative methods have been tested, specifically to control vampire bat rabies. 相似文献
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In 1993 New York and Texas each reported a human rabies case traced to a rare variant of rabies virus found in an uncommon species of bat. This study examined the epidemiology of bat rabies in New York State. Demographic, species, and animal-contact information for bats submitted for rabies testing from 1988-92 was analysed. The prevalence of rabies in 6810 bats was 4.6%. Nearly 90% of the 308 rabid bats identified to species were the common big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), which comprised 62% of all submissions. Only 25 submissions were silver-haired bats (Lasionycterus noctivagans), the species associated with the two 1993 human cases of rabies, and only two of these bats were positive. Rabies was most prevalent in female bats, in bats submitted because of human [corrected] contact, and in animals tested during September and October. These results highlight the unusual circumstances surrounding the recent human rabies cases in the United States. A species of bat rarely encountered by humans, and contributing little to the total rabies cases in bats, has been implicated in the majority of the indigenously acquired human rabies cases in the United States. The factors contributing to the transmission of this rare rabies variant remain unclear. 相似文献
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Ziad A. Memish Nischay Mishra Kevin J. Olival Shamsudeen F. Fagbo Vishal Kapoor Jonathan H. Epstein Rafat AlHakeem Abdulkareem Durosinloun Mushabab Al Asmari Ariful Islam Amit Kapoor Thomas Briese Peter Daszak Abdullah A. Al Rabeeah W. Ian Lipkin 《Emerging infectious diseases》2013,19(11):1819-1823
The source of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus remains unknown. Molecular investigation indicated that bats in Saudi Arabia are infected with several alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses. Virus from 1 bat showed 100% nucleotide identity to virus from the human index case-patient. Bats might play a role in human infection. 相似文献
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Rabies virus (RABV) is endemic in terrestrial mammals throughout the world and in bats on the American continent. We performed the most extensive phylogenetic analyses of bat RABV sequences undertaken to date using a variety of genes. Our study supported previous suggestions that viral sequences are grouped according to the behaviour of the host species. However, there was more genetic and geographical diversity within each phylogenetic group than previously recognised, including evidence for new groups. Furthermore, three clades of Latin American bat RABV that were distinct from the previously identified "group IV" bat RABV clade and more closely related to North American bat RABV clades, were identified. Strikingly, phylogenetic trees for the G (glycoprotein) gene had a significantly different evolutionary history to those inferred for the N (nucleoprotein) and P (phosphoprotein) genes, and an analysis of these competing topologies revealed that it is not possible on current data to resolve whether bat RABV arose from terrestrial mammal RABV, or vice-versa. Finally, using coalescent approaches, we estimated that RABV had similar rates of population growth and nucleotide substitution (approximately 2.5-4x10(-4) substitutions per site, per year) in both bats and terrestrial mammals, despite underlying differences in epidemiology. 相似文献