大学生羞耻感对社交焦虑影响的纵向研究

目的：在大学生中尝试验证羞耻感对社交焦虑的影响作用。方法：对213名大学生进行了问隔六周的前后测．用结构方程模型的纵向研究方法，检验羞耻感对社交焦虑的影响是否存在及影响的程度。结果：所建构的自回归模型拟合指标理想．作为自变量的羞耻感和因变量社交焦虑呈正相关的关系．羞耻感的降低有利于减轻个体的社交焦虑水平。个性羞耻维度对社交焦虑水平的影响较其他羞耻感因素更加显著。此外，在行为羞耻和人际敏感因素间有一定程度的直接相关。结论：验证了羞耻感对社交焦虑的重要影响作用．为进一步探索羞耻感和社交焦虑问的因果关系提供了支持证据。对探索羞耻感和社交焦虑的关系提供了更有效的研究方法。     

自尊在大学生人格、羞耻感与心理健康关系模型中的作用研究

目的考察自尊在大学生人格、羞耻感与心理健康的关系模型中的直接效应和干扰效应,在以前研究的基础上进一步拓展大学生人格、羞耻感与心理健康的关系模型.方法365名大学生参加了本研究,其中男生196人,女生169人,平均年龄20.65±1.59岁.所有被试填写了自尊量表、羞耻量表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表和症状自评量表.运用结构方程模型对数据进行拟合.结果在大学生人格、羞耻感与心理健康的关系模型中(1)自尊对心理症状和羞耻感有显著的直接影响;(2)自尊在神经质人格影响心理症状路径中的干扰效应显著;(3)精神质作为一个独立的影响心理症状的因素得到验证.本研究最后对自尊与羞耻感的关系提出了一个新的互动观点.     

中学生焦虑与其相关影响因素的综合研究

目的：综合探讨中学生焦虑状况与其相关影响因素的关系。方法：采用中学生焦虑量表、青少年生活事件量表、艾森克人格问卷、中学生父母教养方式量表和应对量表对558名中学生进行问卷调查。结果：(1)中学生整体的焦虑处于轻度水平，52．6％的学生存在不同程度的焦虑问题，男女生在焦虑水平上不存在较为明显的性别差异，年级差异在焦虑水平上表现也不明显。(2)中学生焦虑与生活事件、父母教养方式、人格和应对方式各因子均有十分显著的相关关系，进一步的回归分析结果表明有八个因素对焦虑的预测作用十分明显，具体为不良情绪应对、学习压力、神经质、父放任型教养方式、人际压力、母过分保护和干涉、解决问题和精神质。结论：中学生中存在较为明显的焦虑问题，多个因素对焦虑有预测作用。     

大学生社交焦虑易感性的回归分析

目的：探讨大学生社交焦虑易感性与各种可能因素之间的关系。方法：对200名大学本科生施测了社交焦虑量表、羞耻量表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表、应付方式问卷、贝克抑郁量表、特质焦虑问卷。结果：大学生的社交焦虑易感性主要与羞耻感、人格中的精神质、内外向等因素相关；社交焦虑易感性高的个体更易对自己的行为感到羞耻，且缺乏消极的应对方式；而易感性低的个体在人格的精神质、外向方面表现更明显、突出。结论：羞耻感和人格因素中的精神质、内外向是对大学生个体的社交焦虑易感性产生影响的主要因素，对自己行为的羞耻，且不善于使用消极的应对方式，加剧了个体的焦虑体验；个性中的精神质、外倾的特征可以降低大学生的社交焦虑易感性。     

父母教养方式、人格与自尊的关系研究

目的探讨父母教养方式、人格与大学生自尊的关系。方法采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)修订中文版、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)、自尊量表(SES)对260名大学生进行施测。结果①父母情感温暖理解、人格中的内外向维度与自尊呈显著正相关;②父亲拒绝否认、过度保护、母亲拒绝否认、惩罚严厉、人格中的神经质维度与自尊呈显著负相关;③结构方程模型分析表明,父亲教养方式对自尊的直接效应不显著(路径系数为0.13),父亲教养方式对人格的直接效应显著(路径系数为-0.34,P<0.01),人格对自尊的直接效应显著(路径系数为0.62,P<0.001)。而母亲教养方式对自尊的直接效应和对人格的直接效应均不显著。结论人格在父亲教养方式与自尊之间起完全中介作用,父亲教养方式能够通过影响人格的塑造而促进个体自尊水平的提高。     

大学生羞耻感、人格与心理健康的结构模型初步研究

目的：探讨大学生羞耻感与人格，心理健康的关系。建立大学生羞耻感，人格与心理健康的结构模型。方法：178名大学生参加了本研究，其中男生86人，女生92人，平均年龄21岁。所有被试填写了羞耻量表，艾森克人格问卷简式量表和症状自评量表，运用结构方程模型对数据进行拟合，结果：初步建立了人格，羞耻感与心理健康的理论关系模型。同时通过模型比较确定了羞耻感在人格和心理健康关系模型中的部分中介地位。     

学习不良儿童焦虑及其相关因素分析

目的 了解学习不良儿童的焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法 采用SAS、16PF，生活事件量表、社会支持量表、防御和应对方式量表对126名学习不良儿童进行测定。结果 学习不良儿童存在一定的焦虑倾向。逐步回归分析表明：影响学习不良儿童焦虑的因素有人格因素的恃强性(E)、忧虑性(O)、适应与焦虑(X1)，生活事件的负性事件总分，社会支持的社会支持总分，防御方式的不成熟防御方式和应对方式的积极应对。结论 对学习不良儿童的心理干预和矫治应注重其人格、社会支持、应对方式等社会心理因素的培养。     

大学新生社交焦虑状况与父母养育方式、人格的相关性研究

目的探讨大学新生的社交焦虑状况与父母养育方式、人格的关系。方法对240名大学新生施测交往焦虑量表、父母养育方式评价量表及艾森克人格问巷。结果大学新生的社交焦虑与父母养育方式评价量表中的父母亲的情感温暖与理解关心、EPQ中内外向呈负相关．与父母亲的拒绝和否认、父母亲的惩罚、严厉、母亲过度干涉、保护、人格中的精神质呈正相关;且父亲的拒绝和否认、母亲的情感温暖与理解关心及EPQ中的神经质和内外向进入回归方程,决定系数分别为0．08和0．19。结论父母养育方式和人格因素对大学新生的社交焦虑均有影响,但影响程度较低。     

大学生社交焦虑与成人依恋类型关系的研究

目的探讨大学生社交焦虑与成人依恋类型的关系。方法以整群抽样的方式选取大学生324名,用Liebowitz社交焦虑量表（LSAS）、亲密关系体验问卷（ECR-R）、社交苦恼与回避量表（SAD）、自尊量表（SES）、信任量表（TS）和惧怕否定评价量表（FNE）进行测查。结果324名大学生社交焦虑阳性筛查率30.6%。不安全型依恋对社交焦虑阳性的影响作用是对照组的2.45倍。不安全型依恋中恐惧型对社交焦虑的影响作用最大,是对照组的5.59倍;迷恋型次之,为2.10倍。不同依恋类型社交焦虑阳性的被试在社交苦恼、惧怕负性否定评价、自尊和信任他人方面有显著差异。结论大学生成人依恋类型是社交焦虑的重要影响因素。不安全型依恋,尤其是恐惧型对社交焦虑的情绪、认知影响最大。     

父母教养方式与社交焦虑的关系:拒绝敏感性、成人依恋的中介效应

目的 考察父母教养方式与社交焦虑的关系及拒绝敏感性、成人依恋的中介作用.方法 以257名大学生为被试,施测父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、拒绝敏感性量表、亲密关系体验量表中文版(ECR)和社交焦虑量表(IAS).结果 ①父母偏爱保护与社交焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.186,P＜0.01);②在父母偏爱保护对社交焦虑的预测中,拒绝敏感性发挥了中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为44.0％;③在父母偏爱保护对社交焦虑的预测中,依恋焦虑发挥了中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为45.6％.结论 父母偏爱保护对社交焦虑有重要影响,并且会提高拒绝敏感性及依恋焦虑水平,从而导致社交焦虑.     

Social anxiety in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: the mediating role of shame

Objective: The close relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders has attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years. Shame has been identified as the key emotional symptom in the link between social anxiety and social phobia. While shame is commonly recognized as a meaningful construct for understanding eating disorders, empirical research into this issue has been lacking. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the strength of influence shame and social anxiety have in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa compared with other clinical groups. Furthermore, the issue of whether shame can account for clinical group differences in the experienced levels of social anxiety was examined. Method: The sample consisted of 120 female inpatients, divided into four groups of 30 according to individual diagnoses: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, anxiety disorders and depression. The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) were used to measure the target constructs for this investigation. Results: Patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa have higher scores in internalized global shame than patients with anxiety disorders and depressions. In contrast to anorectic patients, however, patients with bulimia also have higher scores than the other two groups in the area of social performance anxiety; they also differ significantly from the anxiety disorders in terms of interaction anxiety. Once shame was partialled out, group differences of social anxiety were shown to disappear. Discussion: Both shame and social anxiety have to be regarded as important influencing factors in anorexia and bulimia nervosa, with shame making a significant contribution to the explanation of social anxieties. The interaction between shame and social anxiety as well as its relevance for eating disorders are discussed. With regards to the therapeutic implications, it would seem reasonable not only to focus on treating shame affect but also to specifically adopt a therapeutic strategy targeting social anxiety fears. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metacognitions,emotion and alcohol use

The present study explored the relationships between metacognitions, emotion, alcohol use and problem drinking. A convenience sample of 97 participants completed the following questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), Quantity Frequency Scale (QFS) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlational and multiple regression analyses. Metacognitions were found to be positively and significantly associated with alcohol use and with proneness to problem drinking. Positive and significant relationships were also observed between anxiety and depression on the one hand, and alcohol use and proneness to problem drinking on the other. Multiple regression analyses indicated that anxiety and beliefs about the need to control thoughts independently predicted alcohol use, and anxiety alone predicted proneness to problem drinking. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that metacognitive theory may be relevant to understanding alcohol use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学生焦虑水平与社会支持度的相关研究

目的考察大学生焦虑水平与社会支持度的关系。方法以《领悟社会支持量表》和《焦虑自评量表》为研究工具,随机抽取某师范大学不同年级的270名学生为研究对象。结果①大学生的焦虑在性别上没有明显差异(t=1.697,P>0.05),但在年级和出身地上的差异明显(t=4.179,4.813;P<0.05);②大学生的年级、出生地和性别在家庭支持上没有显著差异(t=4.172,2.714,3.797;P>0.05),在朋友支持上也是如此(t=4.639,0.157,3.392;P>0.05),但性别在其他人的支持上存在差异(t=3.221,P<0.05);③大学生的焦虑水平与社会支持各因子之间都存在明显的负相关(P<0.05)。结论社会支持有助于大学生焦虑水平的降低,应重视和加强其社会支持系统的建设。     

大学生希望感与心理健康的关系

目的探讨大学生的希望感与自尊、幸福感、心理控制源、抑郁、焦虑以及应对方式的关系。方法采用成人一般希望感量表、成人内—外心理控制源量表、自尊量表、幸福感指数量表、应付方式问卷、自评抑郁量表和自评焦虑量表对369名大学生进行测查。结果1大学生的希望感水平较高;年级、性别、专业、来源地对其希望感没有显著影响;2希望感与自尊、主观幸福感以及积极应对方式呈显著正相关,与心理控制源、抑郁、焦虑以及消极应对方式呈显著负相关;3线性回归分析显示,希望感对自尊、幸福感、心理控制源、抑郁、焦虑以及应对方式均有显著的回归效应。结论大学生希望感是主观幸福感、自尊、心理控制源、抑郁、焦虑以及应付方式的重要预测因素。     

大学生网络成瘾及其与社交焦虑的关系

目的探讨大学生社交焦虑与网络成瘾倾向的相关。方法使用社交焦虑自评量表和中文网络成瘾量表收集数据。结果①浙江省在校大学生中存在网络成瘾,其中高危险网络成瘾倾向者占3%;②大学生网络成瘾倾向与社交焦虑存在显著正相关;③大学生网络成瘾倾向在性别、年级和文理科上存在不同程度的差异。结论大学生网络成瘾与社交焦虑有紧密关系。     

An investigation into the experience of self‐conscious emotions in individuals with bipolar disorder,unipolar depression and non‐psychiatric controls

There has been little research into the association of shame and other self‐conscious emotions in bipolar disorder, although there is evidence linking shame to various psychopathologies. Objectives: This research investigates the levels of shame in individuals with bipolar disorder. Design and Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to compare 24 individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder to a clinical control group of 18 individuals with unipolar depression, and 23 age‐matched non‐psychiatric controls on measures of mood (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] and Self Report Manic Inventory [SRMI]) and of self‐conscious emotions (Internalized Shame Scale and Test of Self‐Conscious Affect). Results: Higher levels of trait shame and lower guilt‐proneness were found in the bipolar group. Higher levels of shame‐proneness were found in the unipolar group in comparison to the bipolar and control groups. BDI scores positively correlated with trait shame and shame‐proneness, and accounted for a large proportion of the variance in these scores. SRMI scores positively correlated with trait (internalized) shame and negatively correlated with guilt‐proneness. Conclusions: There was evidence for the presence of shame within bipolar disorder, but this differed to the evidence for shame in individuals with unipolar depression. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: ? Evidence suggests that cognitive–behavioural therapy is not effective in individuals with bipolar disorder with more than 12 illness episodes. ? Shame has been elucidated as a factor is some chronic mental health problems, including depression. ? Compassionate mind training has recently been developed to address experience of shame and is designed as an adjunct to cognitive–behavioural approaches. ? This paper finds evidence for the presence of shame within bipolar disorder, but with a different manifestation than that found in individuals with depression. ? This suggests that clinicians should consider shame as a factor for exploration within therapy, possibly using compassionate mind therapy, and its inclusion may improve on therapeutic outcome.     

Guilt, shame/embarrassment, and empathy

This study examined the relationship between empathic responsiveness and the proneness to 'zaiakukan' (guilt) and 'shuchishin' (shame and embarrassment). Two hundred and thirty five Japanese undergraduates completed a questionnaire of Situational Guilt Inventory (Arimitsu, 2002), Situational Shyness Questionnaire (Narita, Terasaki, & Niihama, 1990), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983). As predicted, other-oriented empathic responsiveness, which measured perspective taking and empathetic concern, had a positive correlation with zaiakukan proneness, with shame and embarrassment controlled. On the other hand, self-oriented personal distress had a positive correlation with proneness to 'kihazukashisa', a component of shame and embarrassment, with guilt controlled. Inspection of correlations suggested that zaiakukan emerged from other-oriented empathy, and shuchishin in men from personal distress, because women's experience of shuchishin was less negative than men. Results on private shame were different from those in the previous studies (Leith & Baumeister, 1998; Tangney, 1991), and were discussed in terms of cultural differences.     

贫困大学生焦虑水平与社会支持研究

目的：对贫困大学生焦虑状况及其影响因素进行调查,为高校贫困大学生心理卫生工作提供科学依据。方法：选用１－４年级获学校贫困补助的学生１７２名为研究组,相对应的１６８名非贫困生为对照组,采用状态－特质焦虑量表和社会支持评定量表测评。结果：两组特质焦虑水平差异不显著,而贫困生的状态焦虑水平显著高于非贫困生;社会支持量表评分贫困生普遍得分高于非贫困组。结论：安慰关心,经济支持倾诉方式,朋友支持参加活动有益