轮廓化鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻黏液纤毛清除功能及血清炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者采用轮廓化鼻内镜手术治疗的临床效果及对改善鼻黏液纤毛清除功能与血清炎性因子水平的作用。方法 选择我院2019年5月至2021年6月收治慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者65例,按照手术方式不同分为2组,对照组(n=32)采用功能性鼻内镜手术治疗,实验组(n=33)采用轮廓化鼻内镜手术治疗,比较两组临床疗效,与治疗前、治疗3月后通过糖精实验评估患者鼻黏液纤毛清除功能,并检测患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平评估患者血清炎性因子的变化。结果 实验组治疗总有效率高于对照组;治疗3月后,实验组黏液纤毛清除速度、清除率大于对照组;糖精清除时间短于对照组;CRP、TNF-α水平小于对照组;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者采用轮廓化鼻内镜手术治疗效果理想,能够有效改善患者的鼻黏液纤毛清除功能,且可减轻机体炎性反应,值得推广。     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎575例疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的疗效。方法对575例CRS患者按照海口标准分型,其中I型204例,Ⅱ型281例,Ⅲ型90例。术前进行围手术期处理,采用鼻内镜手术,术后进行综合治疗,随访6个月以上,根据海口疗效标准进行评估。结果Ⅰ型治愈率为92．6％（189／204）,Ⅱ型治愈率为73．0％（205／281）,Ⅲ型治愈率为53．3％（48／90）,3型之间比较治愈率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后眶纸样板损伤11例,鼻腔粘连76例,术中大出血5例,进行相应处理后全部治愈。结论术前病情评估、准确的临床分型和围手术期及术后综合治疗,是提高治愈率的重要因素。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗预后的影响因素分析

目的 本研究旨在探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗后复发的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2018—2021年海军军医大学海军特色医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的经鼻内镜治疗179例CRS患者的临床资料,通过单因素分析,Logistic回归模型行多因素分析,确定CRS经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗预后的独立影响因素。结果 179例CRS患者接受功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗后,1年内复发35例(19.6%)。单因素分析结果显示:伴变应性鼻炎、伴鼻中隔偏曲、伴鼻息肉、鼻窦 CT Lund-Mackay评分总分、鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分总分、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、术后未进行换药、术后未规律药物治疗与CRS经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗后1年内复发相关。Logistic回归分析结果提示其中鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分总分、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、术后未规律药物治疗是影响CRS经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗预后的独立危险因素。结论 鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分总分、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、术后未规律药物治疗是影响CRS经功能性内镜鼻窦手术治疗预后的独立危险因素。     

老年慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术的临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜手术在老年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中的应用及疗效.方法回顾性分析68例＞60岁的老年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者行鼻内镜手术的临床资料.结果随访6～50月,治愈52例(76.5%),好转10例(14.7),无效6例(8.8%),总有效率91.2%.结论鼻内镜手术是治疗老年鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的一个安全、有效方法.     

合并哮喘的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的鼻内镜手术治疗

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)是一种异质性的疾病,其中合并哮喘的患者占到10%~40%,且在全球范围内呈上升趋势。在哮喘患者中,CRS的发病率也高于一般人群。目前大部分的研究认为鼻内镜手术结合药物治疗对合并哮喘的CRS患者的鼻部症状有明显的改善作用,且有利于哮喘的长期管理。但是此类患者术后易复发,围手术期手术风险也较高。将重点论述合并哮喘的CRS患者的术前评估和围手术期管理、手术方式的选择及鼻内镜手术术后对哮喘的影响等。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎变应原特征初步探讨

目的　探讨变应原在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）伴或不伴鼻息肉患者中的分布特点及临床意义。方法　回顾性分析CRS患者136例,比较伴鼻息肉组及不伴息肉组患者的变应原特征。以变应性鼻炎（AR）患者36例为对照组,分析CRS与AR变应原的差异。结果　CRS患者变应原总阳性率为48.5%,其两种亚型在变应原阳性率、吸入性和食物变应原分布比例、各类变应原分布比例、单一和多种变应原分布比例均无显著性差异（P >0.05）。CRS致敏原主要为单纯吸入性变应原（84.8%）,食物变应原致敏者较少（9.1%）,少数为吸入物和食物混合型变应原（6.1%）。与AR相比,CRS的吸入性和食物变应原分布比例（χ2=14.801,P =0.001）、变应原亚类（χ2=12.951,P =0.005）以及单一或多种变应原（χ2=9.067,P =0.003）方面均有显著性差异。结论　CRS患者变应原阳性率远高于过敏性疾病的普通人群患病率,提示变应性因素可能与CRS的发病有着密切的相关性。CRS伴有或不伴有息肉,其变应原的临床特征相似,但与AR的变应原特征有显著性差异。变应原的检测可能对CRS的预防和治疗有一定的指导意义。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期临床观察

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期处理,以减少并发症及不良事件的发生,提高治愈率。方法：对152例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：经过规范的围手术期治疗,全部患者术前哮喘控制情况良好,116例患者术毕返回病房后13例哮喘不同程度发作;35例术毕直接送往ICU观察24~48h,返回病房后1例哮喘急性发作;1例术毕拔管后即刻出现哮喘发作;以上患者经治疗后均好转。术后随访1年,恢复良好。结论：应充分认识慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与哮喘的密切关系,规范围手术期处理,掌握哮喘急性发作时的处理原则。只要做好充分围手术期准备,伴哮喘的鼻内镜手术是安全的,并可有良好的疗效。     

修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床分析

目的探讨修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床疗效分析。方法回顾性分析2011年1月~2016年1月收治的68例复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床资料,所有患者均在鼻内镜下行规范化修正性手术,并在围手术期进行规范化的综合处理,对患者进行术后12个月以上随访,观察其对临床疗效的影响。结果68例复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者术后1年,不伴鼻息肉41例,总有效率为90.2%,伴鼻息肉27例,总有效率为81%,均未发生严重眶内及颅内并发症。结论鼻内镜手术疗效显著,具有十分重要的临床意义。     

运用主客观量化表评估慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术疗效分析

目的探讨主客观量化表在评估慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术疗效的作用。方法对长期随访并行鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者60例,采用视觉模拟量化表对主要症状:鼻塞、鼻涕,头面部胀痛及嗅觉障碍,在术前、术后3个月、6个月、12个月分别主观量化评分进行比较;采用内镜Lund-Kennedy在术前、术后3个月、6个月、12个月分别客观量化评分进行比较,分析鼻内镜鼻窦手术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的疗效。结果 60例患者在术前视觉模拟量化表评分均>5分,表明患者生活质量受到影响。经过鼻内镜鼻窦手术及术后随访处理后评分明显下降(P<0.05),但嗅觉障碍评分下降不明显。Lund-Kennedy评分中术前与术后6个月、术后6个月与术后12个月相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论运用主客观量化表能较好评估慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术疗效,对再次治疗慢性鼻鼻窦炎患者有重要指导意义。     

部分变应性因素与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床相关性研究

目的：探讨变应性因素在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）发病过程中的作用。方法：分析194例CRS患者术前血清变应原检测（TIgE、SIgE）及变应原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）结果,并与临床分型进行比较。结果：①主要变应原分布：屋尘阳性率20．6％（40／194）,粉尘螨阳性率16．0％（30／194）,屋尘螨阳性率14．9％（29／194）;②CRS实验组与正常对照组屋尘螨、粉尘螨、屋尘SIgE、SPT阳性率比较有统计学意义;③CRS实验组屋尘螨、粉尘螨、屋尘SIgE与临床分型呈负相关,差异有统计学意义。结论：部分变应性因素与CRS的病因及病程有关。     

Bacteriology of postradiotherapy chronic rhinosinusitis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and chronic rhinosinusitis

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the bacteriology of postradiotherapy chronic rhinosinusitis (postRT-CRS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by evaluating the aspiration materials of the maxillary sinus of patients with postRT-CRS and patients with CRS. We collected the secretions of the maxillary sinus from 30 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with postRT-CRS and 30 patients with CRS for aerobe/facultative anaerobe bacteria culture. The most common isolates in the postRT-CRS group were Streptocuccus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, while those in the CRS group were Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolated Gram-positive coccus rate in postRT-CRS patients was significantly higher than in CRS patients (62.50% compared with 30.00%, respectively; P < 0.05), and isolated Gram-negative bacilli rate in postRT-CRS patients was significantly lower than in CRS patients (31.25% compared with 70.00%, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the incidence of positive cultures was not significantly different between the postRT-CRS group and the CRS group (P > 0.05). This study found that there were some differences in bacteriology between postRT-CRS and CRS. Gram-positive coccus was the predominant aerobic/facultative anaerobe pathogenic bacterium in patients with postRT-CRS, and Gram-negative bacilli was predominant in CRS patients.     

Immunomodulators in chronic rhinosinusitis

ObjectiveTo provide new insight into how chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is conceptualized and treated with a focus on immunomodulator therapy.Data sourcesPubmed, Medline, and Embase.MethodsA current review of the evidence is provided for immunomodulators investigated for treatment of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).ResultsBiologic therapies targeting IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 for the treatment of CRSwNP have shown promise and are currently in phase 3 trials. Anti-immunoglobin E (IgE) therapy with omalizumab was assessed in 6 studies, anti-interleukin (IL)-5 therapy in 3 studies (2 mepolizumab, 1 reslizumab) and anti IL-4/IL-13 (dupilumab) therapy in one study. Studied outcomes varied, but the majority of trials identified clinical benefit of therapy over placebo. Other potential targets include thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP), IL-25, IL-33, and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec)-8. Small molecule drugs that target the dysregulation of the immune system in CRS are also being investigated for their immunomodulatory effects on inflammation.ConclusionImmunomodulator therapies for CRS currently in development will likely provide another therapeutic option for patients who have severe disease unresponsive to corticosteroids and surgery. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapies have shown encouraging results and phase 3 trials are underway. IL-4/IL-13 inhibition has shown the most promise to date. Further larger, well-designed trials are needed to improve understanding of these molecules and to offer endotype-driven therapies in the management of CRS. None of these therapeutics have shown long-term immunomodulation when discontinued and therefore further investigation into the pathomechanism of disease continues to be needed.     

Osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis

The presence of inflammation and remodeling within the bone of the paranasal sinuses has been demonstrated in animal and human models of chronic rhinosinusitis. This form of osteitis is present in the underlying bone of affected mucosa and can spread to involve distant sites within the paranasal sinuses. This potential for distant involvement has implications for the medical and surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis and may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to management.     

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are common pediatric ailments averaging six to eight occurrences a year with 0.5-5% of these progressing to acute sinusitis. A yet undefined number of children progress to chronic sinusitis. Significant resources are spent treating children for sinus infections that would otherwise clear on their own. Practice guidelines for chronic sinusitis are needed. RECENT FINDINGS: Good prospective studies are lacking because of the shear numbers of patients that must be enrolled to obtain a homogeneous population for study. This lack of good prospective studies prevents the development of pediatric practice guidelines for medical and surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Most recent studies focus primarily on pathophysiology and medical management. An area of significant knowledge deficit is the role of gastroesophageal reflux disease in chronic sinusitis. There have been no recent significant changes in the medical or surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis other than the rationale of performing an adenoidectomy prior to endoscopic sinus surgery for eradication of biofilms. SUMMARY: Current therapy for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis continues to be prolonged courses of antibiotics and if the symptoms persist, staged surgical intervention with initial adenoidectomy followed by partial or anterior ethmoidectomy.     

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric sinusitis is prevalent, and the debate continues regarding how best to care for these children. Although acute sinusitis is commonly associated with an upper respiratory infection, the focus of this paper is on chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Research is often more difficult in children than adults, so many times one can learn from the adult literature and determine whether there can be application to the childhood population. RECENT FINDINGS: This paper looks at both medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. "Maximal medical management" is often cited in the literature, but what this should consist of has never been clearly proved in the literature. Alternative medicine approaches as well as irrigation as an adjunct to care are discussed. Biomaterials are also be discussed. Recent outcome data are put in perspective. SUMMARY: Hopefully the reader will find the presentation stimulating. The paper does not promote surgery as a "cure all," and in the end, analysis will hopefully leave the reader more cautious but with a better understanding of this complex disease.     

Mucosal remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: Despite pathophysiologic similarities, mucosal remodeling is well described in asthma but not chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). OBJECTIVE: This study attempts to identify mucosal remodeling in CRS and correlate it with clinical information. METHODS: Charts and histopathology from 53 CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed. Clinical data and basement membrane (BM) thickness were recorded. BM thickness was graded as 0 (no thickening), 1 (mild thickening), 2 (moderate thickening), or 3 (marked thickening). Control mucosae from ten patients without CRS were analyzed for comparison. RESULTS: Duration of CRS symptoms positively correlated with BM thickness (p = 0.007). Also, patients with a markedly thickened BM (score of 3) had a significantly greater duration of CRS symptoms (120 months) compared to patients with a thinner BM (score < or =2) (33 months) (p = 0.010). Markedly thickened BM was associated with increased coincidence of asthma (p = 0.019) and aspirin sensitivity (p = 0.003). No correlation was found between BM thickness and preoperative Lund-MacKay score. There was no statistically significant difference between markedly thickened BM and thinner BM with respect to coincidence of polyps, course of preoperative systemic steroids, estimated blood loss at surgery, and number of prior surgeries. CONCLUSION: Increased BM thickness is correlated with prolonged duration of symptoms and the coincidence of asthma. This may indicate paranasal sinus remodeling akin to that which occurs in the bronchioles of persistent asthmatic sufferers.     

Evidence-based surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis

Considerable interest has been focused in recent years on an evidence-based approach to clinical medicine. For obvious reasons, however, it has proved difficult to examine the benefit of surgical procedures in randomized, double-blind. placebo-controlled trials. This review considers the evidence available in the literature for surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis and examines the validity of the studies in the context of evidence-based medicine.