仙鹤草降糖有效部位筛选研究

目的 筛选仙鹤草降糖作用的有效部位,并初步探讨其降糖机制.方法 分别选正常小鼠、四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型和由葡萄糖灌胃高血糖小鼠模型,观察比较仙鹤草的水、95%乙醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取部位的降糖效果,灌胃剂量为2.0 g·kg-1·d-1,采用苯乙双胍为阳性对照,葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖.结果 仙鹤草乙醇提取部位连续给药7 d,可显著降低正常小鼠血糖值,与正常对照组比较,血糖降低水平有显著性差异(P＜0.05);仙鹤草乙醇提取物能显著降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖,与模型组比较,有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);仙鹤草乙醇提取物能显著降低葡萄糖灌胃高血糖小鼠模型血糖,与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 仙鹤草乙醇提取部位为有效降糖部位.     

中药仙鹤复方提取物急性毒性试验及对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物的急性毒性,以及中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物和水提取多糖对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22的抑瘤作用,进而对中药仙鹤复方进行抗肿瘤活性研究.方法 测定中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物的LD50,建立荷实体型肝癌H22小鼠模型,观察中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物和水提取多糖的抑瘤作用.结果 中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物的LD50为26.95g·kg-1,95%可信区间为21.99～33.01g·kg-1;中药仙鹤复方乙醇提取物9.25g·kg-1·d-1剂量组与中药仙鹤复方水提取多糖8.05g·kg-1·d-1剂量组时小鼠移植性肿瘤H22均有明显的抑制作用,其抑瘤率分别为49.2%(P＜0.01)和33.7%(P＜0.01).结论 中药鹤复方乙醇提取物和水提取多糖对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22有抑制作用.     

仙鹤草降血糖的实验研究

目的：研究仙鹤草对小白鼠血糖的影响。方法：分别对正常、肾上腺素诱导高血糖和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小白鼠，以0.5和1.0 g·kg 1仙鹤草浸膏灌胃给药，对照组给予相同体积纯化水，观察给药后的降血糖作用。结果：仙鹤草连续给药4～7 d，可显著降低正常小白鼠血糖，与纯化水对照组比较，血糖降低水平差异有极显著性(P＜0.01)；仙鹤草连续给药7 d，可显著抑制肾上腺素诱导的小白鼠血糖升高，与纯化水对照组比较，差异有极显著性(P＜0.01)；仙鹤草能明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小白鼠的血糖，与纯化水对照组比较，差异有极显著性(P＜0.01)。结论：仙鹤草降血糖作用显著。     

甘蔗叶不同提取物对3种糖尿病模型的降血糖作用

目的 研究甘蔗叶不同提取物的降血糖作用.方法降血糖实验采用肾上腺素、四氧嘧啶、链佐霉素3种糖尿病模型,观察甘蔗叶不司提取物对小鼠血糖的影响.结果甘蔗叶水提物、50%醇提物、石油醚提取物、正丁醇提取物对肾上腺素所致高血糖小鼠的血糖升高有抑制作用,而对正常小鼠的血糖无明显影响;各种溶剂的提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠的血糖...     

降糖口服液的降糖作用研究

目的：观察降糖口服液对实验性高血糖小鼠血糖的影响。方法：采用四氧嘧啶和肾上腺素制备高血糖模型，采用邻甲苯胺法测定血糖。结果：降糖口服液5，10，20g／kg小鼠连续ig10d，对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响；对由四氧嘧啶所致的糖尿病小鼠有明显降血糖作用，并可对抗由肾上腺素引起的小鼠血糖升高。结论：降糖口服液对实验性高血糖模型具有降糖作用。     

复方桑白皮浓缩液的降血糖试验

采用四氧嘧啶致血糖升高及葡萄糖性高血糖小鼠模型，试验表明复方桌白皮浓缩液（30，15g／kg）对四氧嘧啶所致血糖升高及葡萄糖性高血糖均有较好的降血糖作用。     

半边莲不同提取物镇痛抗炎作用

目的研究半边莲不同溶剂提取物的镇痛抗炎作用。方法制备半边莲水提取物和75%乙醇提取物,采用醋酸扭体实验和热板实验测定半边莲提取物镇痛作用,二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验和10%蛋清致小鼠足跖肿胀实验测定半边莲提取物抗炎作用。结果半边莲水提取物可明显抑制醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应（P＜0.01）;给予半边莲水提取物和醇提取物1,2 h,小鼠热板痛阈值明显提高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;半边莲提取物能抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;半边莲提取物在致炎后0.5,1,2,4 h能显著抑制10%蛋清所致小鼠足跖肿胀（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论半边莲提取物有明显的镇痛和抗炎作用。     

中药复方提取物A的降血糖量效研究

目的:研究不同剂量的中药复方提取物A对四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠的降糖作用,进行糖尿病模型和量效学的探讨。方法:静脉给予小鼠四氧嘧啶,72 h后取眼血测血糖,造糖尿病模型;实验组连续灌胃给药7 d后测血糖,比较模型组和给药组小鼠的血糖变化情况。结果:对四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠的模型,中药复方提取物A在0.01~7 g/kg的剂量范围内,都表现出一定的降血糖作用。结论:采用四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠的模型时,不宜禁食,小鼠体重在20~24 g为佳。中药复方提取物A具有降血糖作用,初步测得的有效剂量范围为0.1~5 g/kg。     

番红花不同药用部位的镇痛和抗炎活性比较研究

目的:扩大名贵药用植物番红花的药用资源,寻找可以替代传统药用部位(柱头)的新药用部位.方法:分别采用醋酸致小鼠扭体和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀药理模型,分别以吲哚美辛和地塞米松为镇痛和抗炎药效学实验的阳性对照药,观察番红花球茎、顶芽、侧芽和柱头的乙醇和水提取物的镇痛和抗炎活性.结果:在镇痛实验中,与空白对照组相比,顶芽醇提取物和水提取物、柱头的醇提物和水提物以及侧芽的醇提物在高剂量时(相当于2.0 g生N/kg)都具有显著的镇痛活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);球茎的醇提物和水提物、侧芽醇提取物的低剂量和中剂量以及水提物均未见有镇痛活性;在抗炎试验中,与空白对照组相比,番红花柱头醇提物和侧芽醇提物均显示出显著的抗炎活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).项芽醇提物在低剂量(相当于0.75 g生药/kg)时也具有显著的抗炎活性(P＜0.05).球茎醇提取物和水提物及顶芽、侧芽和柱头的水提物对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀没有显著性影响.结论:以番红花的顶芽、侧芽替代传统药用部位柱头,分别用于镇痛和抗炎作用有潜在的应用价值,值得深入研究.     

葛萸胶囊的降血糖作用

目的 观察葛萸胶囊的降血糖作用。方法 利用四氧嘧啶、肾上腺素制造大鼠及小鼠高血糖模型，按1.5g／kg、3g/kg的剂量灌胃给药，葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖。结果葛萸胶囊对四氧嘧啶及肾上腺素所引起的高血糖均有抑制作用。结论 葛萸胶囊有一定的降血糖作用。     

Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The effect of the aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga (Apiaceae) on blood glucose levels was investigated in fasting normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after single and repeated oral administration. The aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga (AV) at a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose in normal rats six hours after a single oral administration (P < 0.005) and nine days after repeated oral administration (P < 0.05). This hypoglycemic effect is more pronounced in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity (LD50) and general behavioural effects of an aqueous extract of AV fruits was studied in mice. The LD50 of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration was 3.6 and 10.1 g/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that the aqueous extract of AV possess significant hypoglycemic effect in both normal and STZ diabetic rats and support, therefore, its claimed clinical use by the Moroccan population.     

葛根芩连汤降血糖作用的实验研究

OBJECTIVEThe hypoglycemic effects and its mechanisum of GGQLT were investigated in animal models. METHODSFasting blood glucose (FBG) level in mice and mice with alloxan induced hyperglycemia and alloxan (ALX) induced diabetes mellitus (DM) were determined after oral administration of GGQLT. 2h blood glucose (2hBG) level in rats with dexmathasone (DX) induced insulin resistance (IR) and rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured after taken glucose in an oral dose of 10 g/kg. RESULTSGGQLT was able to antagomize the high blood glucose in mice with ALX-induced hyperglycemia (P＜0.01); able to significantly reduce the FBG level in mice and mice with ALX induced DM (P＜0.05～0.01); able to lower FBG in mice and 2hBG in rats with IGT after given oral glucose (P＜0.01); and improve IGT in rats with DX induced IR. CONCLUSIONThe results obtained suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GGQLT is similar to those of metformin and gliclazide.     

Some pharmacological properties of an aqueous extract of securinega virosa roots

An aqueous extract of Securinega virosa is used by traditional healers in Tanga (northeastern Tanzania) as an aphrodisiac and in the treatment of impotence, which is one of the manifestations of diabetes mellitus. An aqueous extract of the roots at doses of 0.1,0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 g/kg body weight lowered the area under the oral glucose tolerance curve (OGTT) in normal albino rabbits by 0.3 (P >0.05), 7.85, 11.0 and 9.6% (P =0.05), respectively. Chlorpropamide (0.1 g/kg body weight) had a greater effect on blood glucose and lowered area under the OGTT curve by 16.3%. The extract, at a dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight, had no effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG) when compared to controls given distilled water (P >0.05), except at 4 h, when the FBG for treated animals was higher. The LD 50 (95% confidence interval) determined by intraperitoneal administration of the extract to white albino mice was 0.30 (0.20-0.50) g/kg body weight. We conclude that the aqueous extract of Securinega virosa roots lowered the area under the OGTT curve dose-dependently at doses between 0.1 and 1.0 g/kg body weight. It did not lower blood glucose below fasting levels both in the fed and fasted state. More work is required to determine the toxic characteristics of the extract and the utility of the observed activity in the management of diabetes mellitus in humans.     

Some Pharmacological Properties of An Aqueous Extract of Securinega Virosa Roots

An aqueous extract of Securinega virosa is used by traditional healers in Tanga (northeastern Tanzania) as an aphrodisiac and in the treatment of impotence, which is one of the manifestations of diabetes mellitus. An aqueous extract of the roots at doses of 0.1,0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 g/kg body weight lowered the area under the oral glucose tolerance curve (OGTT) in normal albino rabbits by 0.3 (P &gt;0.05), 7.85, 11.0 and 9.6% (P =0.05), respectively. Chlorpropamide (0.1 g/kg body weight) had a greater effect on blood glucose and lowered area under the OGTT curve by 16.3%. The extract, at a dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight, had no effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG) when compared to controls given distilled water (P &gt;0.05), except at 4 h, when the FBG for treated animals was higher. The LD 50 (95% confidence interval) determined by intraperitoneal administration of the extract to white albino mice was 0.30 (0.20–0.50) g/kg body weight. We conclude that the aqueous extract of Securinega virosa roots lowered the area under the OGTT curve dose-dependently at doses between 0.1 and 1.0 g/kg body weight. It did not lower blood glucose below fasting levels both in the fed and fasted state. More work is required to determine the toxic characteristics of the extract and the utility of the observed activity in the management of diabetes mellitus in humans.     

苦瓜根皂苷苷元成分研究与降糖活性部位筛选

目的：研究葫芦科苦瓜属植物苦瓜Momordica charantia．L根的化学成分与筛选苦瓜根降糖活性部位。方法采用70％乙醇回流提取苦瓜根,减压浓缩得浸膏,水悬浮后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇逐级萃取得到苦瓜根提取物的各个不同极性部位。采用硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层色谱从乙酸乙酯部位分离单体化合物,并采用颈部皮下注射400μg? kg －1盐酸肾上腺素注射液复制小鼠高血糖模型进行苦瓜根中降糖活性部位的筛选。结果从苦瓜根乙酸乙酯部位共分得3个化合物,化学结构分别为β－谷甾醇（β－sitosterol,Ⅰ）,5,25－豆甾二烯醇（5,25－stigmastadien－3－ol,Ⅱ）、（23E）－5β,19－epoxycucurbita－6,23－diene－3β,25－diol和 Cucurbita－5,24－diene－3,7,23－trione。降糖活性筛选结果表明苦瓜根不同极性萃取部位及苦瓜苷元对肾上腺素性高血糖均有一定的降血糖效果,正丁醇部位和水部位的降血糖作用最为显著。结论分离得到的苦瓜苷元具有一定的降糖活性,但正丁醇部位和水部位对肾上腺素高血糖小鼠模型的降血糖作用更为显著。     

苍耳子的有毒成分及其药理作用

蒼耳(Xanthium strumarium L.)是菊科植物,别名野茄子、敞子、老蒼子(东北)及刺儿棵(河南)等,我国各地都有野生。蒼耳的果实名蒼耳子,是一味常用中药,內含油約39％,蒼耳甙(xanthostrumarin)1.27％,此外尚含树脂、生物碱和丙种維生素等。儿童与家畜誤食蒼耳的果实或幼苗可以中毒死亡。为了寻找蒼耳子的毒性成分,我所植物化学室侯翠英等将蒼耳子仁脫脂,制成水浸剂,并从中提出一种蛋白貭及一种黃白色結晶状具有甙类性貭的物貭(含葡萄糖及鼠李糖),后者暫名为AA_2。我們比較了蒼耳子油、蒼耳子水浸剂、蒼耳子蛋白及AA_2的毒性,并观察了AA_2的一些药理作用。     

硝苯吡啶与格列本脲相互作用对正常大鼠和高血糖大鼠血糖水平的影响

目的 :研究硝苯吡啶以及硝苯吡啶与格列本脲合用对空腹大鼠和肾上腺素诱发高血糖大鼠血糖水平的影响。方法 :本实验采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖含量。结果 :硝苯吡啶 2 .5mg/kgig使空腹大鼠血糖水平显著升高(P <0 .0 1 ) ,并加重肾上腺素诱发的高血糖反应。而硝苯吡啶与降糖药格列本脲 0 .9mg/kg合用时不影响空腹大鼠的血糖水平 ,硝苯吡啶对肾上腺素诱发高血糖大鼠灌胃格列本脲后的降血糖作用亦无明显影响。结论 :尽管硝苯吡啶对空腹大鼠以及肾上腺素诱发高血糖大鼠有显著升高血糖的作用 ,但对格列本脲的降血糖作用无明显不良影响     

Hawthorn evokes a potent anti-hyperglycemic capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The hypoglycaemic effect of an aqueous extract of hawthorn leaves (Crataegus oxyacantha) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. After a single dose or 9 daily doses, oral administration of the aqueous extract produced a significant and dose-dependent decrease on blood glucose levels in STZ diabetic rats (P < 0.001), but had no effect on blood glucose levels in normal rats. No changes were observed in basal plasma insulin concentrations after treatment in normal or STZ diabetic rats. In addition, the acute toxicity study of the extract was investigated in mice. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract had a high LD50 value (13.5 g/kg) in mice. We conclude that an aqueous extract of hawthorn leaves exhibits a potent anti-hyperglycemic activity in STZ rats, but not in normal rats, without affecting basal plasma insulin concentrations.     

Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study evaluated the aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata K. Schum (Apocynaceae) for hypoglycemic activity in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (50?mg/kg i.p.). Daily doses of 400, 800, and 1000?mg/kg of extract were orally administered to fasted normal and diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were monitored after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12?h and on day 14 post treatment. Liver glycogen levels were also estimated on day 14. In normal rats, only 400?mg/kg of the extract produced a significant reduction in blood glucose at the 4?h (P?<?0.05) which was 22.15?±?4.88%. In diabetic rats, the extract, 400, 800?mg/kg, caused significant reduction (P?<?0.01), 51.87% ± 5.79% and 43.47% ± 8.06% respectively, with maximum effect at 8?h. This reduction in blood glucose was greater than that of glibenclamide (31.03% ± 8.86%). Diabetic rats administered with 400?mg/kg extract produced a significant reduction (P?<?0.01) on day 14 (43.60% ± 8.10%). Liver glycogen levels were significantly increased (P?<?0.05) in diabetic rats administered with doses of 400 and 800?mg/kg extracts and these were comparable to glibenclamide. Acute toxicity data showed no mortality in mice up to 17.5?g/kg. We conclude that the extract possesses marked hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats possibly through increased glycogenesis, thus justifying its use in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes.     

Hypoglycaemic activity of dioscoretine from tubers of Dioscorea dumetorum in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits

Dioscoretine isolated from the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers when administered intra-peritoneally to normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits produces significant hypoglycaemic effects at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The fasting blood sugar in normoglycaemic rabbits was reduced from 112 mg/100 ml to 55 mg/100 ml after 4 hours. In alloxan diabetic rabbits, the blood sugar was lowered from 520 mg/100 ml to 286 mg/100 ml at the same time interval. The aqueous fraction of the methanol extract produced comparable effects at 100 mg/kg. The chloroform fraction of the same extract raised the fasting blood sugar of normal rabbits to 196 mg/100 ml after 6 h. The acute toxicity studies gave LD50 values of 1.4 g/kg for the aqueous fraction and 0.58 g/kg for dioscoretine when tested on mice. The hypoglycaemic effects were compared to those of tolbutamide.