远洋渔民尼古丁依赖和抑郁症状：潜类别及关联因素

目的：本研究考察远洋吸烟渔民尼古丁依赖和抑郁症状的潜在亚群以及各亚群自变量(工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度)和因变量(尼古丁抑郁、抑郁症状)的关联。方法：采用Russell吸烟原因问卷(RRSQ)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)、舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷(MSIQ)、大五人格量表-神经质维度(NEO-FFI)、功能失调性态度量表(DAS)对1017名远洋吸烟渔民进行调查。结果：远洋渔民尼古丁依赖和抑郁症状可分为高症状群(8.7%)和一般群(91.3%)2个类别。在高症状群中,工作压力和功能失调性态度显著预测抑郁症状(β=0.65、0.39,P<0.05)。在一般群中,工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度显著预测尼古丁依赖(β=0.13～0.19,P<0.05);工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度显著预测抑郁症状(β=-0.11～0.53,P<0.05)。结论：远洋渔民的尼古丁依赖和抑郁症状存在不同的潜在亚群,各群中工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度与尼古丁依赖和抑郁症状的关联不一致。     

大学生功能失调性态度与抑郁症状的关系:日常应激的调节作用北大核心CSCDCSSCI

目的:探讨日常应激及其三个应激维度在功能失调性态度与抑郁症状之间的调节效应。方法:采用方便取样方法,在北京某大学选取535名大学生,其中男生174名,女生361名,平均年龄18.83岁,填写功能失调性态度问卷、流调中心用抑郁量表、学生日常社会和学业应激量表-简式。结果:1大学生功能失调性态度、日常应激及其维度和抑郁症状具有显著的正相关(P<0.01);2日常应激总分(β=0.612,P<0.05)以及日常应激的一般知觉应激维度(β=0.682,P<0.01)与日常生活关系应激维度(β=0.559,P<0.05)对功能失调性态度和抑郁症状的关系有显著的调节作用。结论:日常应激总分及其一般知觉应激维度与日常生活关系应激维度在功能失调性态度和抑郁症状之间可能起调节作用。     

远洋渔民功能失调性态度对心理应激与抑郁症状关系的调节作用

目的:探索远洋渔民功能失调性态度在心理应激与抑郁症状间的作用。方法:用《功能失调性态度量表》《舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷》和《流调中心用抑郁量表》对905名远洋渔民进行测查。结果:不同从业时间的远洋渔民的抑郁症状、功能失调性态度和心理应激差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。远洋渔民功能失调性态度与心理应激以及抑郁症状均呈显著正相关(P0.01)。功能失调性态度对心理应激和抑郁症状的关系有显著调节作用(β=0.09,P0.001)。结论:本研究结果提示,与低功能失调性态度的远洋渔民相比,高功能失调性态度的远洋渔民在遭受心理应激后会表现出更高的抑郁症状水平。     

高中生应激性沉思反应影响抑郁症状的追踪研究

目的探讨应激性沉思反应在应激性生活事件和抑郁症状关系中的调节作用。方法在第一次测评时,用抑郁量表、青少年生活事件问卷和应激反应问卷-沉思分量表等自评量表对527名高中生的抑郁症状、应激性生活事件和应激性沉思反应进行测评,随后每3个月测评1次抑郁症状和应激性生活事件,追踪调查1年,用多层线性模型分析数据。结果相关分析表明,首次测评的抑郁症状、应激性生活事件和应激性沉思反应之间均两两正相关(r=0.21～0.54,P<0.001)。多层线性模型分析表明,应激性生活事件(β=0.13,P<0.001)和应激性沉思反应(β=1.74,P<0.001)对抑郁症状的预测作用显著,应激性沉思反应与应激性生活事件的交互作用也显著(β=0.03,P<0.05)。结论应激性沉思反应在应激性生活事件和抑郁症状的关系中起调节作用。     

A Trace Research of the Effect of Stress-reactive Rumination on Depressive Symptoms in High School Students

目的 探讨应激性沉思反应在应激性生活事件和抑郁症状关系中的调节作用.方法 在第一次测评时,用抑郁量表、青少年生活事件问卷和应激反应问卷-沉思分量表等自评量表对527名高中生的抑郁症状、应激性生活事件和应激性沉思反应进行测评,随后每3个月测评1次抑郁症状和应激性生活事件,追踪调查1年,用多层线性模型分析数据.结果 相关分析表明,首次测评的抑郁症状、应激性生活事件和应激性沉思反应之间均两两正相关(r=0.21～0.54,P＜0.001).多层线性模型分析表明,应激性生活事件(β=0.13,P＜0.001)和应激性沉思反应(β=1.74,P＜0.001)对抑郁症状的预测作用显著,应激性沉思反应与应激性生活事件的交互作用也显著(β=0.03,P＜0.05).结论 应激性沉思反应在应激性生活事件和抑郁症状的关系中起调节作用.     

大学生应激水平与抑郁症状:“最弱连接”因素的调节作用

目的:探讨抑郁的最弱连接因素在大学生应激水平与抑郁症状变化中的调节作用。方法:选取长沙市2所高校大学生520人,进行包括首次取样在内总共6次追踪研究。首次测试采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)、认知方式问卷(CSQ)、学生日常生活和学业应激量表(SHS)。追踪测查采用CES-D和SHS。根据最弱连接假说,借助CSQ来确定个体认知易感性的"最弱连接水平"。结果:按照Abela等的最弱连接筛选标准,共检出最弱连接抑郁认知易感者60人(男性24人,女性36人),检出率11.1%。在对高校大学生抑郁症状的预测中,首次测查CES-D得分(β=3.72,P0.001)、最弱连接(β=0.95,P0.001)、性别(β=-1.22,P0.01)、最弱连接与应激水平的交互作用(β=0.03,P0.001)对抑郁得分的变化均有主效应。结论:最弱连接水平可能在应激水平及抑郁水平关系中起到调节作用。     

远洋渔民酒精使用、抑郁症状及关联因素的混合结构方程模型分析

目的：探索远洋渔民酒精使用、抑郁症状与工作压力、神经质和功能失调性态度的潜类别及特征。方法：采用酒精依赖疾患识别测验（AUDIT）、流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）、舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷（MSIQ）、大五人格量表-神经质维度（NEO-FFI）、功能失调性态度量表（DAS）对749名远洋饮酒渔民进行问卷调查。使用Mplus进行混合结构方程模型分析。结果：远洋渔民可分为中症状低风险组（5%）、高症状高风险组（8%）和低症状中风险组（87%）3个潜类别。在中症状低风险组，工作压力与酒精使用、抑郁症状均显著正相关（β=0.63、0.75，均P<0.01）。在高症状高风险组，工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度各自与酒精使用、抑郁症状均显著相关（β=-0.51～0.73，均P<0.05）。在低症状中风险组，工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度各自与抑郁症状显著正相关（β=0.11～0.42，均P<0.01）。结论：在远洋渔民群体中，工作压力、神经质、功能失调性态度对酒精使用、抑郁症状的作用存在群体异质性。     

生活应激事件与希望感对农村留守儿童抑郁的影响

目的:探讨生活应激事件与希望感对农村留守儿童抑郁的影响。方法:采用流调中心抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、青少年自评生活事件量表(ASLEC)、儿童希望感量表(CHS)对1313名留守儿童进行调查。结果:1农村留守儿童在抑郁、希望感的动力因子、生活事件的受惩罚因子和其它因子得分上存在显著性别差异(t=1.99,4.82,6.11;P0.05);2生活应激事件、抑郁和希望感之间两两显著相关(P0.01);3希望感对抑郁水平的变化有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.097,P0.01);生活应激事件中各因子对抑郁水平的变化具有显著的正向预测作用(P0.05);生活应激事件中的学习压力因子与希望感的交互作用对抑郁水平的变化具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.828,P0.001)。结论:希望感能够缓解学习压力给农村留守儿童抑郁带来的不良影响。     

初一学生应激事件、失调态度与抑郁症状关系的追踪研究

目的:探索失调态度、自尊以及应激事件对初一年级学生抑郁症状的影响,以验证Beck抑郁认知理论在儿童青少年中的适用性。方法:使用儿童应激事件量表、儿童失调态度量表、自尊量表以及儿童抑郁量表初次测查了初一年级324名学生,接着每间隔2个月使用全部量表追踪调查4次,对追踪调查数据进行多层线性模型分析。结果:自尊与失调态度在应激事件与抑郁症状的关系中均没有显著的调节效应。结论:Beck抑郁认知易感理论可能并不适用于国内初一年级阶段的儿童青少年,在抑郁认知易感因素的发展水平上,东西方儿童青少年可能存在差异。     

大学生负性生活事件和饮食行为的关系及相关因素

目的:探讨大学生负性生活事件和异常进食行为的关系,以及功能失调性态度和自尊在两者关系之间的作用。方法:选取539例大学生,用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、荷兰饮食行为问卷(DEBQ)、功能失调性态度问卷(DAS)、自尊量表(RSES),分别测量负性生活事件、异常进食行为、功能失调性态度和自尊水平。结果:ASLEC总分和DEBQ总分正相关(r=0.42,P<0.001)。DAS总分在ASLEC总分和DEBQ总分的关系中起部分中介作用,中介作用占总效应的38.1%;RSES总分调节了DAS总分和DEBQ总分的关系(β=-0.03,P<0.001)。结论:大学生的功能失调性态度在负性生活事件与异常饮食行为的正相关关系中起中介作用,而自尊可以调节功能失调性态度和异常进食行为的关系。     

自我效能感、应付方式和犯罪青少年抑郁的相关研究

青少年犯罪一直是比较严重的社会问题。近年来 ,有不少研究探讨犯罪青少年个性心理特征[1- 3] ,但探讨犯罪青少年心理卫生问题的研究还并不多见。我们认为 ,犯罪青少年心理卫生问题也一样重要 ,值得有关部门和心理卫生工作者引起高度重视。这一方面有助于促进我们对青少年犯罪现象的了解 ,另一方面也有助于我们改造管教犯罪的青少年 ,帮助他们改过自新 ,重新做人。鉴于此 ,本研究拟探讨犯罪的青少年抑郁的有关心理因素。1　方法1.1　被试选取在广东省少管所服刑的少年犯共 2 2 8人 ,其中男犯 2 0 4人 ,女犯 2 4人 ,年龄在 11岁到 2 2岁之间 …     

精神发育迟滞儿童父母抑郁及相关因素研究

目的:考察精神发育迟滞儿童父母的抑郁状况及其相关因素。方法:对157名精神发育迟滞儿童和青少年的父母采用应对策略问卷、照顾负担问卷、日常照料压力问卷、修订版家庭支持量表、一般自我效能感量表、罗森伯格自尊量表、流调中心用抑郁量表进行测评,对130名正常儿童父母采用流调中心用抑郁量表进行测评。结果:精神发育迟滞儿童及青少年父母的抑郁检出率为26.11%,其抑郁分数显著高于正常儿童父母。抑郁和照顾负担中的所有维度(时间负担、发展负担、身体负担、社会负担、情绪负担)都有显著正相关;抑郁和情绪中心解决策略倾向有显著正相关,和问题中心解决策略倾向有显著负相关;抑郁和家庭月收入有显著负相关;抑郁和日常照料压力有显著正相关,和自我效能及自尊有显著负相关。多元回归结果表明,对精神发育迟滞儿童及青少年父母抑郁总分贡献最大的因素是:照顾负担总分、问题中心应对策略、自尊和月收入。结论:精神发育迟滞儿童父母的抑郁水平显著高于正常儿童父母,照顾负担、应对策略、自尊水平和月收入与抑郁的形成有密切关联。     

Stability and change in level of maternal depressive symptomatology during the first postpartum year

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated stability and change in the level of maternal depressive symptomatology over the course of the first postpartum year in a community cohort of 106 first-time mothers of full-term, healthy infants. Effects of diagnosed depression and infant gender were also assessed. METHODS: At 2 months postpartum (intake), mothers were classified into one of two symptom groups on the basis of their total score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D): high (CES-D score > or = 16, 46%) or normative (CES-D score = 2-12, 54%). Mothers completed the CES-D again at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. At 12 months, maternal diagnostic status for major depression and related disorders was evaluated using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-III-Revised. RESULTS: Mothers in the High symptom group at intake continued to have significantly higher CES-D scores at 3, 6, and 12 months than mothers in the Normative symptom group at intake, and a third in the High symptom group at intake had a subsequent CES-D score above the clinical cutoff (> or = 16). Maternal CES-D scores were significantly correlated across visits. In regressions controlling for diagnostic status and infant gender, mothers' CES-D score at the most recent prior assessment contributed significant unique variance to mothers' CES-D score at each subsequent assessment. CES-D scores were higher at 3 months if mothers had diagnosed depression and were parenting a son, and higher at 12 months if mothers had both diagnosed depression and a prior, high CES-D score. LIMITATIONS: Findings may not generalize to multipara or high-risk cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: First-time mothers with high levels of depressive symptomatology at 2 months postpartum (especially those with diagnosed depression) are at increased risk of continuing to experience high levels of depressive symptomatology throughout the first postpartum year. Implications for preventative intervention services are discussed.     

Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung

Four separate metaanalyses of factor analyses were conducted for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The total number of participants (N) and studies (k) included in each of the metaanalyses were the following: BDI (N = 13,643, k = 33), CES-D (N = 22,340, k = 28), HRSD (N = 2,606, k = 17), and SDS (N = 12,621, k = 13). Metaanalysis results suggest that the specific depression symptom factors within each test appear to be relatively robust and well established and match fairly closely previously hypothesized factor structures. A general Depression Severity factor and a small Somatic Symptoms factor are found in all four tests and two tests had a small Positive Affect factor. There were fewer common specific depression symptom factors across tests than expected.     

Dimensions of functional social support and psychological symptoms.

In the summer following graduation a sample of 125 female college graduates (mean age = 28) completed Cohen & Wills' ISEL (1985) which includes scales measuring four social support functions: belonging (social companionship), appraisal (availability of confidants), tangible (instrumental), and self-esteem support. In the summer and fall subject status on two outcome scales was ascertained: the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Reliability of the difference scores suggested that the ISEL scales do not measure entirely different constructs and the ISEL Self-esteem Scale is operationally redundant with the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and the CES-D. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that the ISEL scales were related to symptoms. By contrast, standard longitudinal and prospective MLR analyses indicated that only the Belonging Scale was significantly related to future symptoms. The issues of confounding support with symptoms and the dimensionality of the subscales were discussed. The study suggests that specific functions of support take on greater importance during major life transitions and that any one supportive behaviour often serves multiple functions.     

Lower self-reported depression in patients with erectile dysfunction after treatment with sildenafil

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) may improve under successful ED treatment. Self-reported depressive symptoms were compared in men with ED after sildenafil treatment to a group of untreated patients. METHODS: In an open study, self-reported depressive symptoms of 54 men after successful treatment with sildenafil (>4 weeks) and 51 men awaiting ED treatment were investigated with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). CES-D items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis and group differences in CES-D items and factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics and illness duration. CES-D total scores were lower in the group treated with sildenafil. Substantial differences were found in favor of the group treated with sildenafil, particularly in scores on a "positive affect" factor. CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the relevance of depression associated with ED and the importance of effective ED treatment. Although depression was generally low in this sample, hedonistic aspects were substantially enhanced in the group of ED patients after sildenafil treatment. LIMITATIONS: The open and cross-sectional study design does not permit causal inference. Selection bias and motivational aspects to participate in the study can not completely be ruled out.     

Predictive value of the CES-D in detecting depression among candidates for disease-modifying multiple sclerosis treatment

The presence of depression is an important concern for patients with multiple sclerosis who are candidates for disease-modifying treatment, since depression may affect treatment adherence. The authors evaluated the positive predictive value of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Rating Scale (CES-D) in detecting depression among patients who were candidates for disease-modifying multiple sclerosis treatment. Of 47 patients who scored >/=16 on the CES-D, 74.5% (N=38) were found to have a depressive disorder. The results of the study indicate that case-finding for depressive disorders among multiple sclerosis patients can be facilitated by use of the CES-D scale.     

Self-Reported Fatigue and Depressive Symptoms as Main Indicators of the Quality of Life (QOL) of Patients Living with HIV and Hepatitis C: Implications for Clinical Management and Future Research

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the impact of self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms on the quality of life (QOL) of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) not receiving anti-HCV therapy. Method: We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 115 co-infected adults including an assessment of QOL (WHOQOL-HIV bref questionnaire), depressive symptomatology (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), and fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale [FIS]). Results: Eighty-four percent of patients had been infected through injecting drug use (IDU). Half reported a history of depression or other psychiatric co-morbidities, 57% presented depressive symptoms, and 69% reported fatigue. FIS and CES-D scores accounted for 54% and 66% of total variance in psychological QOL and level of independence-related QOL, respectively, in a multivariate analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and alcohol or drug use. High FIS scores were independently associated with impaired physical QOL and social relationships, whereas high CES-D scores were independently associated with lower environmental QOL. Conclusion: Self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms are the best indicators of co-infected patients’ QOL. These two indicators could be more easily used for a better clinical management of co-infected patients and also introduced as patient outcome measures in clinical research.     

Measuring Depression in African American Cancer Survivors: The Reliability and Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Study--Depression (CES-D) Scale

The Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) Scale has been used to assess levels of depressive symptomatology in cancer survivors but has not been validated in African American cancer survivors. The current study assessed the reliability and validity of the CES-D in 216 African American cancer survivors. A Cronbach alpha was calculated to determine internal consistency reliability, and correlations were computed between the CES-D and other measure of mood states (Profile of Mood States-Short Form and Bradburn Positive and Negative Affect Scales) to assess concurrent validity. The CES-D demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (= .90), and the concurrent validity was supported by significant correlations with other measures of mood states. These analyses indicate that the CES-D is a reliable and valid measure for use with African American cancer survivors. The mean CES-D score (M = 15.7, SD = 11.89) further suggests that this sample of African American cancer survivors exhibit significant levels of depressive symptomatology.     

Using the CES-D in a two-phase survey for depressive disorders among nonreferred adolescents in Taipei: a stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis

BACKGROUND: Efficient screening is important in two-phase surveys. We examined whether the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is an appropriate instrument for screening depressive disorders among adolescents in Taipei, an ethnic group whose depression is little known of. METHODS: Among the 2440 students of a school in Taipei, aged 12 to 16 years who completed the CES-D and eating attitude test (EAT; response rate=98.5%), 178 were randomly selected from four subgroups defined by the 90th percentile of the two screening tools for face-to-face interview, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (K-SADS). Discriminatory validities of instruments for depressive disorders were estimated, and then a stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis was conducted for instruments with sufficient validity. RESULTS: The prevalence estimates of depressive disorders varied with different levels of impairment, with a value of 2.4% for major depressive disorder and 0.3% for dysthymic disorder if at least two impairment items were endorsed. The areas under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves were consistently high (0.88-0.90) for major depressive disorder with or without impairment requirement, but low (0.49) for dysthymic disorder without impairment requirement. Three strata of CES-D scores (0-28, 29-48, and > or =49) were derived for major depressive disorder with (SSLR=0.63, 3.00, and 11.75) and without (SSLR=0.61, 5.09, and 10.42) impairment requirement. CONCLUSIONS: The CES-D is useful in screening for major depressive disorder among nonreferred adolescents. Three strata are recommended for its practical application.