2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性研究

目的探讨血尿酸水平与2型糖尿病合并颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系。方法对198例糖尿病病程在5年之内的2型糖尿病患者和52名对照者测定血尿酸水平,对糖尿病患者测定颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),并以IMT≥0.9 mm分为糖尿病无内中膜厚度增厚组和糖尿病合并内中膜厚度增厚组。结果糖尿病合并颈动脉内中膜厚度增厚组的尿酸水平较糖尿病无颈动脉内中膜厚度增厚组显著增高[(485±38)μmol/Lvs(433±27)μmol/L,P<0.05],高尿酸血症的发生率亦显著高于糖尿病无内中膜增厚组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病合并颈动脉内中膜厚度有关,并且是糖尿病早期大血管病变的危险因素。     

超声检测老年糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点及影响因素

目的分析老年糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点及影响因素。方法对老年糖尿病患者120例（糖尿病组）、老年健康体检者50例（对照组）晨起行空腹血糖测定和血脂测定,并测量血压。彩超检查颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）并观察斑块发生情况;将糖尿病患者按单纯糖尿病（A组）、糖尿病合并高血压（B组）、糖尿病合并高血脂症（C组）分成3组,分组观察。结果糖尿病组较对照组的血压、胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）明显增高（P〈0.05）,IMT明显增厚（P〈0.05）,2组比较斑块检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;大于平均年龄段的患者颈内动脉IMT明显增厚（P〈0.05）,斑块检出率明显增高（P〈0.05）。A、B、C3组间颈动脉IMT增厚程度及斑块检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症以及高龄等心血管病危险因素与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关。应用彩色多普勒超声能动态直观地了解颈动脉粥样硬化的病变程度,是早期发现和筛选心脑血管疾病高危患者的必要手段。     

高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死与颈总动脉内中膜厚度的关系分析

目的探讨腔隙性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的病变情况。方法选择32例高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死患者（腔梗组）、30例高血压非腔隙性脑梗死患者（非腔梗组）和32例健康体检者（对照组）,用高频超声检测双侧颈总动脉平均内中膜厚度（IMT）,测量部位为双侧颈总动脉分叉部和分叉部向下1.5～2cm前壁、后壁、外侧壁和内侧壁的内中膜最厚处,取其平均值,并观察颈动脉斑块发生率。结果腔梗组IMT较非腔梗组和对照组显著增厚（P〈0.05和P〈0.01）,非腔梗组IMT较对照组显著增厚（P〈0.05）;腔梗组和非腔梗组斑块发生率较对照组显著增高（P〈0.01）,腔梗组和非腔梗组斑块发生率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论腔隙性脑梗死的发生与颈总动脉内中膜厚度的关系较其与高血压的关系更为密切。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度与C-反应蛋白及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（DM）患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度（IMT）与C反应蛋白（CRP）及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法测定55例IMT增厚的2型糖尿病患者（IMT增厚组）及51例合并颈动脉硬化斑块形成的2型糖尿病患者（斑块形成组）的CRP与胰岛素敏感指数（ISI），并与40例无IMT增厚的2型糖尿病患者（IMT正常组）比较。结果IMT增厚组的CRP明显高于IMT正常组（P〈0．01）；斑块形成组的CRP明显高于IMT增厚组（P〈0.01）。IMT与CRP呈正相关（r=0．823，P〈0．01），而与ISI呈负相关（r=0．368，P〈0.01）。结论CRP及胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病患者IMT密切相关。     

颈动脉内中膜增厚及斑块形成相关危险因素分析

目的探讨影响颈动脉内中膜增厚及斑块形成患者尤其伴有2型糖尿病者的相关危险因素。方法对405例住院患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测,根据颈动脉IMT将其分为3组：A组：IMT正常组（IMT〈0.9mm）、B组：IMT增厚组（1.0mm-1.2mm）、C组：颈动脉硬化斑块形成组（IMT〉1.2mm或者有斑块形成）,比较三组人群临床特点差异,并对其中129例伴有2糖尿病患者IMT增厚及斑块形成相关危险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 C组高血压和糖尿病患病率明显高于A组,同时SBP,BMI,FBG和TG水平亦明显增高于A组。Logistic回归分析显示2型糖尿病患者FBG（95%CI：1.03-1.98,OR=1.23,P=0.04）和尿酸水平（95%CI：1.01-2.68,OR=1.57,P=0.02）与颈动脉IMT增厚及斑块形成明显相关。结论颈动脉IMT增厚及斑块形成者心脑血管高危因素患病率明显高于IMT正常组。FBG和尿酸水平是2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化及颈动脉IMT增厚的危险因素。     

高血压患者动态血压参数与颈动脉内-中膜厚度关系的研究

目的研究高血压病患者动态血压参数与颈动脉内中膜厚度（CA—IMT）的关系。方法采用无创动态血压仪对127例高血压病患者进行24h动态血压监测,同时应用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声显像仪测量患者颈动脉内．中膜厚度,据颈动脉内-中膜厚度分2组：CA—IMT≥0．9mm为增厚组（n=53）与CA-IMT〈0．9mm为正常组（n=74）。结果（1）增厚组与正常组的临床指标比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（2）增厚组与正常组的动态血压参数比较：24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、24h脉压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、白天脉压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、夜间脉压差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。增厚组与正常组其动态血压呈非勺型节律分别为54．7％和35．1％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论高血压病动态血压参数异常者CA—IMT增厚的发生率高,对靶器官损害有预测价值。     

2型糖尿病与脑血管病变的临床特点分析研究

目的研究颈动脉内中膜增厚与心、脑梗死性病变的关系。方法通过使用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声仪对糖尿病和非糖尿病性心、脑梗死患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)进行检测,同时对颈动脉IMT与心、脑血管病危险因素间的关系进行分析和探讨。结果 2型糖尿病合并心、脑梗死性疾病患者,其颈动脉内中膜厚度相对于非2型糖尿病合并心、脑梗死患者要厚的多,同时伴随更多的斑块数量。结论2型糖尿病合并心、脑梗死患者血糖与颈动脉硬化呈正相关,所以对2型糖尿病患者进行心、脑血管疾病的一级及二级预防是十分重要的。     

高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声影像与高敏C反应蛋白的相关性分析

目的:探讨高血压患者中颈动脉粥样硬化的发生与炎性反应标志物高敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitivity C-reaction protein,hsCRP)之间的关系.方法:选取150例高血压患者进行颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),有无斑块形成,并进行血清hsCRP定量检测.对血清hsCRP与颈动脉粥样硬化、颈动脉内中膜增厚及斑块形成进行相关性分析.结果:高血压患者中合并颈动脉粥样硬化者及颈动脉内中膜增厚者血清hsCRP异常比例明显高于无颈动脉病变者(P＜0.05);按颈动脉IMT的值将受试者分为正常和异常两组进行Logistic回归分析发现:年龄、hsCRP、LDL-C、HDL-C、糖尿病和吸烟史与颈动脉粥样硬化相关.结论:血清hsCRP含量与高血压颈动脉粥样硬化的发生有一定相关性,合并颈动脉粥样硬化尤其是伴有斑块者的血清hsCRP异常率显著高于无颈动脉病变患者.     

颈动脉高频彩色超声多普勒检查对冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨颈动脉高频彩色多普勒超声检查对冠心病的诊断价值。方法采用线阵高频探头对100例（冠心病组）冠心病住院患者和100例（对照组）健康体检者常规行颈动脉超声多普勒检查,检测两组颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、颈动脉斑块。结果冠心病组有82例检出颈动脉斑块,检出率为82．0％,斑块检出数为124个;对照组有22例检出颈动脉斑块,检出率为22．0％,斑块检出数为30个。冠心病组颈动脉斑块检出率、检出个数均明显高于对照组（X^2=6．23、7．12,均P〈0．01）。冠心病组危险性斑块数109（71＋38）个,对照组危险性斑块数11（5＋6）个,两组比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=8．35,P〈0．01）。冠心病组颈动脉内中膜增厚89例,增厚率89．0％,对照组颈动脉内中膜增厚24例,增厚率24．0％,两组差异有统计学意义（X^2=8．25,P〈0．01）。结论颈动脉内中膜厚度及粥样斑块与冠心病发病密切相关,高频彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉对冠心病的诊断有一定的价值。     

颈动脉内膜厚度与2型糖尿病的关系

目的探讨颈动脉内膜厚度（IMT）与2型糖尿病的关系。方法测定100例2型糖尿病患者IMT,并和正常对照组对比。结果 2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT均值为0.91mm,较对照组的0.68mm增厚,有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论 IMT可作为2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的早期检测指标。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.