旱莲草化学成分的研究

从旱莲草Eclipta alba全草中分得一个新的三萜皂甙成分,命名为旱莲甙C(ecliptasaponinG),根据理化性质和光谱数据,阐明了它的化学结构。另外还分得胡萝卜甙,豆甾醇-3-氧葡萄糖甙,β-谷甾醇和硬脂酸,其中胡萝卜甙和豆甾醇-3-氧葡萄甙为首次从鳢肠属植物中获得.     

Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba on experimental liver damage in rats and mice

An alcoholic extract of freshly collected Eclipta alba exhibited dose-dependent (62.5–500.0 mg/kg p.o.) significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats and mice. It indicated its protective role on parameters such as hexobarbitone-induced sleep, zoxazolamine-induced paralysis, bromosulphalen (BSP) clearance, serum levels of transaminases, bilirubin and protein. The extract did not show any signs of toxicity and the minimum lethal dose was greater than 2.0 g/kg when given orally and intraperitoneally in mice.     

Hepatoprotective effects of propolis extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats

The effects of an ethanolic extract of Cuban red propolis were examined using the model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL₄) in rats. Propolis extract at doses of 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg i.p. decreased significantly the activity of alanine aminotransferase and the concentration of malondialdehyde in rat serum as well as the concentration of triglycerides in liver which were increased in CCI₄-treated animals. An ethanol extract of red propolis also reduced liver damage induced by CCI₄ in rats. This effect was observed by electron microscopy. According to our results it is concluded that ethanolic extract of red propolis exerts hepatoprotective effects in this experimental model which are probably caused by antioxidative properties (e.g. scavenging action against oxygen radicals) of this extract.     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Cuscuta chinensis against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Tu-Si-Zi, the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine that is commonly used to nourish and improve the liver and kidney conditions in China and other Asian countries. As oxidative stress promotes the development of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C chinensis on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The C chinensis ethanolic extract at an oral dose of both 125 and 250mg/kg showed a significant hepatoprotective effect relatively to the same extent (P<0.05) by reducing levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, the same ethanolic extract prevented the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP-intoxicated treatment as observed when assessing the liver histopathology. Regarding the antioxidant activity, C chinensis ethanolic extract exhibited a significant effect (P<0.05) by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In contrast, the same doses of the aqueous extract of C chinensis did not present any hepatoprotective effect as seen in the ethanolic extract, and resulted in further liver deterioration. In conclusion, these data suggest that the ethanolic extract of Cuscuta chinensis can prevent hepatic injuries from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this is likely mediated through its antioxidant activities.     

Hepatoprotective activity of Centaurium erythraea on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The methanol extract of the leaves of Centaurium erythraea L. (Gentianaceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. An oral dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 6 days or a single dose of 900 mg/kg for 1 day exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The activity of the extract was supported by histopathological examination of liver sections.     

Hepatoprotective effects of propolis extract on paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice

The effects of propolis extract were studied in a model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by a high oral dose (600 mg/kg) of paracetamol in mice. Propolis at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. decreased significantly the activity of alanine aminotransierase in serum, which was increased by paracetamol alone and increased the concentration of reduced glutathione in mouse liver, which is depleted by paracetamol. Propolis extract also reduced liver damage induced by paracetamol in mice, which was observed by optical and electron microscopy. The hepatoprotective effects of propolis were produced when administered 30 min before paracetamol or 2 h after it. It is concluded that propolis exerts some effects which resemble those of N-acetylcysteine, the well-known antidote of paracetamol.     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Amaranthus spinosus against CCl4 induced toxicity

Aim

50% ethanolic extract (ASE) of Amaranthus spinosus (whole plant) was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.

Methods

The total phenolics and reducing capacity of ASE was determined using standard curve of gallic acid (0–1.0 mg/ml) and butylated hydroxy anisole. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging methods. The hepatoprotective activity of ASE was evaluated at 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 μg/ml concentration against CCl₄ (1%) induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells.

Results

ASE was found to contain 336 ± 14.3 mg/g total polyphenolics expressed as gallic acid equivalent while the reducing capacity was 2.26 times of BHA. ASE showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (IC₅₀ 29 μg/ml), scavenges superoxide (IC₅₀ ∼ 66–70 μg/ml), hydrogen peroxide (IC₅₀ ∼120–125 μg/ml), hydroxyl radicals (IC₅₀ ∼140–145 μg/ml) and nitric oxide (IC₅₀ ∼ 135–140 μg/ml). ASE (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 μg/ml) was able to normalise the levels of biochemical parameters in isolated rat hepatocytes intoxicated with CCl₄. A dose dependent increase in percentage viability was observed in CCl₄ intoxicated HepG2 cells.

Conclusions

ASE possesses significant hepatoprotective activity which might be due to antioxidant defence factors and phenolics might be the main constituents responsible for activity.     

Hypoglycaemic effect of Artemisia herba alba. I. Effect of different parts and influence of the solvent on hypoglycaemic activity

Artemisia herba alba is widely used in Iraqi folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 0.39 g/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of the leaves or barks produced a significant reduction in blood glucose level, while the aqueous extract of roots and the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant produce almost no reduction in blood glucose level. The extract of the aerial parts of the plant seem to have minimal adverse effect and high LD₅₀ value.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量

目的:建立桑叶药材中1脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)的高效液相色谱荧光检测法的含量测定方法。并对不同生长季节和生长环境桑叶药材的DNJ含量进行测定。方法:桑叶经0.05mol·L^-1盐酸提取,在pH8.5的硼酸盐缓冲液条件下,用芴甲氧酰氯(FMOC Cl)与DNJ反应生成荧光产物,然后用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。液相条件为HiQSiLC₁₈分析柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈0.1%醋酸(55∶45),流速1.0mL·min^-1,柱温25℃,荧光检测器激发波长254nm,发射波长322nm。结果:DNJ与其他组分分离效果较好,线性范围为0.567～34μg·mL^-1(r=0.9998),加样回收率为97.2%。结论:桑叶中DNJ含量与环境因素、温度及生长季节有关,该方法可作为桑叶药材的质量控制方法。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract from Halenia elliptica

Aims of study

Halenia elliptica, a medicinal herb of Tibetan origin, was commonly used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Halenia elliptica against experimentally induced liver injury.

Materials and methods

The antioxidant property of methanolic extract (ME) of Halenia elliptica was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems. The ME of Halenia elliptica was studied here for its hepatoprotective effects against CCl₄-induced liver toxicity in rats. Activity was measured by monitoring the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin.

Results

The ME possessed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The results of CCl₄-induced liver toxicity experiment showed that rats treated with the ME of Halenia elliptica (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), and also the standard treatment, silymarin (50 mg/kg), showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin levels, which were all elevated in the CCl₄ group (p < 0.01). The results observed after administration of 100 mg/kg ME were comparable to those of silymarin at 50 mg/kg (p > 0.05). The ME did not show any mortality at doses up to 2000 g/kg body weight.

Conclusion

These results seem to support the traditional use of Halenia elliptica in pathologies involving hepatotoxicity, and the possible mechanism of this activity may be due to strong free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of ME.     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Phaseolus trilobus,Ait on bile duct ligation induced liver fibrosis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Phaseolus trilobus Ait (Fabaceae) is extensively used by tribal people of Nandurbar district (Maharashtra, India) in the treatment of Jaundice and other liver disorders.

Aim

of the present study was to assess the medicinal claim of Phaseolus trilobus as hepatoprotective and antioxidant.

Material and methods

The hepatoprotective activity of methanol and aqueous extract of Phaseolus trilobus was evaluated by bile duct ligation induced liver fibrosis and antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo antioxidant models viz anti-lipid peroxidation assay, super oxide radical scavenging assay and glutathione estimation in liver. Liver function tests were carried out to detect hepatoprotective activity, which was further supported by histopathological examination.

Results

Methanol and aqueous extracts of Phaseolus trilobus reduced elevated level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and hydroxyproline significantly (p < 0.01) in bile duct ligated Wistar rats, proving hepatoprotective activity comparable with Silymarin. Both the extracts were found to reduce the elevated levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and elevate superoxide scavenging radical activity proving antioxidant activity comparable with ascorbic acid. The reduced level of glutathione was found to be elevated in liver proving antioxidant activity comparable with Silymarin.

Conclusion

Phaseolus trilobus posses hepatoprotective property and is effective in oxidative stress induced cholestatic hepatic injury.     

榄仁叶氯仿提取物的护肝作用及其对肝脏IL-6表达的抑制作用

目的 :研究榄仁树叶氯仿提取物 (TCCE)对CCl₄诱导的小鼠肝损伤的防护作用及其机制。方法 :以不同剂量TCCE(20,50,10 0mg·kg^-1)给小鼠连续灌胃 5d后 ,腹腔注射CCl₄,24h后测定小鼠血清ALT活力变化。同时 ,运用RT PCR半定量分析肝脏IL 6mRNA量的变化并观察肝组织形态学改变。结果 :小鼠腹腔注射CCl₄24h后 ,sALT水平显著升高 ,为对照组的 5.6倍 (P<0.01)。而各剂量TCCE均可显著抑制CCl₄诱导的小鼠sALT水平的上升 ,其中 ,100mg·kg^-1TCCE组小鼠sALT水平恢复至对照组水平。形态学观察表明 ,TCCE明显减轻CCl₄引起的小鼠肝细胞索排列紊乱、肝细胞肿胀及嗜酸性变等 ,且能对抗甚至逆转CCl₄引起的急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏IL-6mRNA含量的升高。结论 :TCCE具有很好的护肝作用 ,且其机理可能与抑制IL-6基因的过度表达有关。     

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats

Aim of the study

Zanthoxylum armatum DC is described as a hepatoprotective in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. However, there is no scientific basis or reports in the modern literature regarding its usefulness as a hepatoprotective agent. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

Ethanolic extracts at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 7 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, total protein and serum antioxidant enzymes along with histopathological studies of liver tissue.

Results

The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were significantly restored towards normalization by the extracts. Bark extracts significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, as well as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have been known for their hepatoprotective activities.

Conclusions

Zanthoxylum armatum DC possesses significant protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄ which may be attributed to the individual or combined action of phytoconstituents present in it.     

复方芪术汤对四氯化碳致大鼠肝纤维化的影响研究

目的探讨复方芪术汤对四氯化碳(CCl4)致大鼠肝纤维化药效的干预作用。方法Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为正常组10只和四氯化碳处理组(20只),四氯化碳1 ml/kg,每周2次腹腔注射,正常组注射等量的生理盐水。造模的第8周,四氯化碳处理组大鼠随机分为复方芪术汤组和模型组,每组10只。在继续造模的同时,复方芪术汤组给予70千克成人的10倍量灌胃,模型组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃,给药4周。12周末处死全部大鼠,留取肝组织样本和血清,测定谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBiL)。结果四氯化碳造模12周,模型组血清ALT、AST活性显著升高;ALB含量显著下降。血清TBiL含量显著升高。与模型组相比,复方芪术汤组大鼠血清ALB含量显著升高,血清ALT和AST活性显著降低(P<0.01)。但复方芪术汤对血清TBiL降低不明显。病理组织学显示,模型组假小叶形成,肝脏纤维化程度分级均为2、3级;复方芪术汤干预组肝小叶结构不同程度被破坏,肝脏纤维化程度分级大部分在1、2级。结论复方芪术汤可以显著改善大鼠肝功能,对CCl4引起的慢性肝纤维化大鼠有很好的降低肝纤维化程度的作用。     

醴肠化学成分及其抗沙门菌T3SS的活性成分研究

目的 研究醴肠Eclipta prostrata的化学成分及其抗沙门菌Ⅲ型分泌系统（type Ⅲ secretion system,T3SS）活性。方法 综合运用SephadexLH-20凝胶、正相硅胶、HPLC、中压反相等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,MS、NMR、UV、IR等技术进行结构鉴定,采用SDS-PAGE法检测化合物1～18抗沙门菌T3SS毒力蛋白分泌活性。结果 从醴肠全草提取物中分离到18个化合物,分别鉴定为香豌豆酚（1）、3′-O-甲基香豌豆酚（2）、蟛蜞菊内酯（3）、异去甲蟛蜞菊内酯（4）、木犀草素（5）、5′-(4-羟基-1-丁炔-1-基)[2,2′-联噻吩]-5-醛（6）、α-三联噻吩（7）、α-三联噻吩甲醛（8）、α-三联噻吩甲醇（9）、5-甲氧亚甲基-2,2′:5′,2′′-三联噻吩（10）、5-羟甲基-(2,2′:5′,2′′)-三联噻吩乙酯（11）、[2,2′:5′,2′′-三联噻吩]-5-基甲基-2-甲基丁酯（12）、5-羟甲基-(2,2′:5′,2′′)-噻吩当归酸酯（13）、5-羟甲基-(2,2′:5′,2′′)-噻吩巴豆酸酯（14）、(Z)-[2,2′-...     

Hepatoprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum peptides against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice

Ganoderma lucidum (GL), a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom, has been widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatopathy of various etiologies. The hepatoprotective activity of peptides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) was evaluated against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced hepatic injury in mice. GLP was administered via gavage daily for 2 weeks at doses of 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg, respectively. Control groups were given the same amount of physiological saline synchronously. Then the mice from d-GalN control and GLP-treated groups were treated with d-GalN (750 mg/kg) suspended in normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. d-GalN-induced hepatic damage was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes (AST, ALT) in serum and MDA level in liver (P<0.01), and by a significant decrease in activity of SOD and GSH level in liver (P<0.01). Pretreatment of mice with GLP reversed these altered parameters to normal values. The biochemical results were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The best hepatoprotective effects of GLP were observed after treatment with the dose of 180 mg/kg as it was evidenced from biochemical parameters and liver histopathological characters which were similar to those of normal control group. Results of this study revealed that GLP could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of d-GalN-induced hepatocellular injury.     

桑叶药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的: 建立桑叶药材的指纹图谱,为桑叶药材的质量控制提供依据。 方法: 采用HPLC法,Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-1.0%醋酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长290 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样10 μL。 结果: 建立了13批桑叶药材的指纹图谱。桑叶合格药材有16个共有峰,多数峰可以达到较好分离,具有较高的相似度。 结论: 建立的高效液相指纹图谱有较好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,可作为桑叶质量评价参考。     

龙胆对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:目的:研究龙胆地上部分和根提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:以CCl₄、硫代乙酰胺(TAA)和D-半乳糖胺(D-GlanN)分别给小鼠灌胃造肝损伤模型,观察龙胆地上部分提取物和龙胆根提取物对模型小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)水平的影响。结果:龙胆地上部分提取物各剂量均可显著降低CCl₄和TAA急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT,AST和AKP水平(P<0.05),而对D—GlanN模型小鼠无明显作用(P>0.05),并且实验结果与龙胆根提取物作用一致。结论:龙胆地上部分和根提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤均有一定的保护作用,因此,龙胆地上部分可代替根使用。     

Hepatoprotective effect of Vitis vinifera L. leaves on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in rats

The hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract and its four different fractions (CHCl(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH, and remaining water fraction) of Vitis vinifera L. leaves was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. The ethanolic extract was found active at 125mg/kg dose (per os). The ethanolic extract was fractionated through successive solvent-solvent extractions and the n-BuOH fraction in 83mg/kg dose possessed remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Liver damage was assessed by using biochemical parameters (plasma and liver tissue MDA [malondialdehyde], transaminase enzyme levels in plasma [AST-aspartate transaminase, ALT-alanine transferase] and liver GSH [glutathione] levels). Additionally, the pathological changes in liver were evaluated by histopathological studies. Legalon 70 Protect was used as standard natural originated drug.