In vivo effects of nitrogen dioxide on the blood nitrate level and the Na+,K+-ATPase activity of red blood cells of rats

Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.4, 1.2 and 4.0 ppm NO2 for 13 weeks to examine the effects of NO2 on the blood nitrate concentration and the Na+,K+-ATPase activity of red blood cells. Exposures to 1.2 and 4.0 ppm NO2 caused an elevation of the blood nitrate level at the first, third and eighth week. The maximum concentration attained was 148% (P less than 0.001, at the third week) and 201% (P less than 0.001, at the eighth week) of the controls at 1.2 and 4.0 ppm NO2, respectively. On the other hand, the nitrate concentration was decreased to the control level at the second, fourth and thirteenth weeks. 0.4 ppm NO2 caused a progressive but slight increase in the blood nitrate concentration from the third week and reached the maximum (122% of the control, P less than 0.001) at the eighth week. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity decreased slightly from the first week upon exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 and reached the minimum (72% of the control, P less than 0.05) at the third week. Subsequently, the activity was increased to 159% (P less than 0.001) of the control at the eighth week. Exposure to 0.4 and 1.2 ppm NO2 caused fundamentally similar but less significant alterations of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity.     

Short-term atorvastatin treatment improves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic women

Endothelial dysfunction represents the earliest stage of atherosclerosis and is usually present in hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with statins has been shown to normalize endothelial function in middle-aged men with hypercholesterolemia. We evaluated the effect over time of atorvastatin on the endothelial reactivity in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women (mean age, 58 +/- 6 years), receiving atorvastatin, 10 mg daily (n = 20) or American Heart Association step 1 diet (n = 10) for 8 weeks. Lipid profile and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) were determined at baseline and after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. FMV increased progressively in subjects treated with atorvastatin, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05 vs. baseline) after the second week (baseline 3.8 +/- 3%; first week, 4.8 +/- 3%; second week, 9.2 +/- 3%; fourth week, 11.0 +/- 3%; eighth week, 11.7 +/- 3%). No significant changes were observed in subjects receiving diet (baseline, 3.1 +/- 4%; first week, 2.4 +/- 2%; second week, 2.9 +/- 2%; fourth week, 3.1 +/- 2%; eighth week, 3.3 +/- 2%; p = NS). In the atorvastatin group, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol showed a significant decrease since the first week (baseline, 228 +/- 37 mg/dl; first week, 171 +/- 32; second week, 147 +/- 27; fourth week, 139 +/- 29; eighth week, 135 +/- 27; all p < 0.05). In the control group, LDL cholesterol showed a smaller but significant (p < 0.05) reduction after the second week (baseline, 226 +/- 17 mg/dl; first week, 225 +/- 16; second week, 220 +/- 17; fourth week, 203 +/- 27; eighth week, 198 +/- 27). In conclusion, hypercholesterolemic women treated with atorvastatin show a significant improvement in endothelial reactivity after as early as 2 weeks of therapy. The extent to which these beneficial effects are attributable to cholesterol reduction or to a direct effect of the drug remains to be established.     

贞芪扶正胶囊配合化疗治疗中晚期肿瘤76例

目的：观察贞芪扶正胶囊对化疗疗效的影响及对化疗所致骨髓抑制的防治作用.方法：随机将76例中晚期肿瘤患者分为两组.治疗组38例,在常规化疗同时,加贞芪扶正胶囊4粒,tid,口服,连续4周；对照组38例,为单用化疗治疗的同种病例.观察临床疗效及第1周、第2周、第3～4周外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量及血小板计数的变化.结果：治疗组总缓解率(42.2%)高于对照组(36.8%),但差异无显著性；外周血白细胞计数在第1周、第2周、第3～4周治疗组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),血红蛋白和血小板也有不同程度提高,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论：贞芪扶正胶囊配合化疗短期内对提高化疗的总缓解率帮助不大,但对防治化疗所致骨髓抑制,尤其白细胞下降有效.     

Changes in blood pressure and dipsogenic responsiveness to angiotensin II during chronic exposure of rats to cold

Hypertension accompanies chronic exposure of rats to cold (5-6 degrees C). Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures become elevated, and hypertrophy of the heart occurs. A previous study from this laboratory suggested that the renin-angiotensin system may play a role. The present study was carried out to assess this further. Thus, in addition to measurement of systolic blood pressure at intervals during exposure to cold, plasma renin activity and the dipsogenic responsiveness to acute administration of angiotensin II were also measured to assess the functional status of the renin-angiotensin system. The results showed a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in systolic blood pressure during the third week of exposure to cold. In contrast, plasma renin activity (PRA) increased within the first week of exposure to cold, and declined thereafter to reach the level of the control by the third week of exposure to cold. By the fourth week, PRA decreased to a level significantly (p less than 0.05) below that of the control group. The responsiveness to acute administration of angiotensin II (AII), as assessed by the drinking response, increased significantly (p less than 0.05) by the third week of exposure to cold and remained significantly elevated during the fourth week. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) direct relationship between dipsogenic responsiveness to AII and blood pressure in the cold-treated (r = .57), but not the control group (r = .12). There was also a significant (r = -.91) indirect linear relationship between PRA and dipsogenic responsiveness to AII. Cold-treated rats had significant increases in urinary norepinephrine output and weights of heart, kidneys, adrenals, and brown adipose tissue characteristic of rats acclimated to cold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of re-utilization of cuprophan capillary dialysers with different liquids on their biocompatibility and effectiveness of elimination]

In 22 patients cuprophane capillary dialyzers reutilized in turn with four sets of liquids were used four times (Andante type in 13 and TAF-12 in 9 patients). The degree of biocompatibility and efficiency of elimination of small molecules was evaluated. During four-time reuse of dialyzers reutilized with sodium hypochlorite and with formaldehyde a reduction of intra-dialysis leukopenia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was not stated in blood of the patients. Activation of the complement system measured with the quantity of decrease of C3c fraction of the complement in the patients blood after 20 minutes of dialysis reduced essentially only at the fourth reuse of dialyzers (p < 0.01). Creatinine clearance measured always one hour after starting of the dialysis, did not change in succeeding reuse of dialyzers. Reutilization of dialyzers with hydrogen peroxide solution and formaldehyde caused essential reduction of ++intra-dialysis leukopenia and neutropenia (p < 0.001). There was lack of changes in ++intra-dialysis thrombocytopenia. Activation of the complement system was reduced essentially only after the fourth reuse of dialyzers (p < 0.001), but was also essentially lower (p < 0.05) than with dialyzers reutilized with sodium hypochlorite and with formaldehyde. Creatinine clearance practically did not change and at the fourth reuse of dialyzers it decreased on the average by 1.8%. Reutilization with acetic acid already at the second reuse of dialyzers essential (p < 0.001) and deepened decrease of intradialytic leukopenia and neutropenia and the activation of the complement system in course of succeeding reuses. Intradialytic thrombocytopenia was subjected to vestigal, not essential decrease. Creatinine clearance lowered a little but not essentially. At the fourth reuse of dialyzers it was lower on the average by 3.6% than the initial one. Reutilization with Dialina (stabilized blend of peracetic, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide solution) caused essential (p < 0.001) and, in course of further reuses, deepening of lowering of intradialytic leukopenia and neutropenia as well as the activation of the complement system already at the second reuse. At the same time at the second and fourth reuse of dialyzers reutilized with Dialina the activation of the complement system was essentially lower than reutilized with the other liquids (p < 0.02). At the fourth reuse intradialytic thrombocytopenia also lowered essentially (p < 0.01). Creatinine clearance lowered a little more than with other liquids and at the second reuse of dialyzers was lower on the average by 5.6%, and at the fourth reuse--by 6.7% in relation to the new dialyzers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Effect of spironolactone treatment on the renin-aldosterone system during pregnancy.

Ten pregnant patients were treated with spironolactone (100 mg daily) for two weeks. The patients were on a continuous long-term saluretic therapy for pregnancy edema. In addition, a potassium supplementation (30 mmol/day) was given until the beginning of spironolactone treatment. The patients thus treated had a mean urinary aldosterone excretion (dU-Aldo) of more than ten-fold in comparison to that of non pregnant state. Canrenone, the effective conversion product of spironolactone in plasma, reached its steady state level in three days as in non-pregnant subjects. dU-Aldo decreased in two weeks during the spironolactone by 36% (p less than 0.05). The inhibition of aldosterone secretion is thus evident also after a low clinical dose of spironolactone. Urinary potassium excretion (dU-K) decreased during the 1st day (p less than 0.05) and continued to decrease during one week of spironolactone therapy by a total of 21% (p less than 0.001). The decrease in dU-K reflects the cessation of potassium supplements in the beginning of the study. No changes in urinary sodium excretion were found. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased in one week by 79 per cent and the changes of PRA and dU-Aldo showed inverse correlation (p less than 0.001). In our study natriuresis, cannot explain the increase of PRA. Our study suggests another feedback effect of aldosterone.     

Evaluation of the absorption from three ibuprofen formulations

The pharmacokinetic differences between two sustained-release 300 mg (A) and 400 mg (B) formulations and a rapid-release 400 mg ibuprofen conventional sugar-coated formulation (C) were compared after a single dose. Mean peak levels of 25.1 micrograms/ml for preparation A (2 X 300 mg), 31.3 micrograms/ml for preparation B (2 X 400 mg) and 68.5 micrograms/ml for preparation C (2 X 400 mg) were reached at 5.3, 3 and 2 hours respectively, after ingestion of the drugs. The individual plasma-level time-profiles for the majority of doses suggested prolonged absorption of product A and B. The absorption from formulations A and B was significantly slower (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively) than that from the conventional tablets. The bioavailability of ibuprofen from sustained-release capsules, was not found to differ significantly from that of ibuprofen from conventional tablets. The relative bioavailability was very close to 100% in almost all subjects (coefficient of variation 14% and 17%). Projections of plasma concentrations upon multiple dosing were made from single dose data. The dosage interval concentration ratio which reflects both the frequency and the entry of the drug into and from the body was much lower for sustained-release formulations (A: 3.0; B: 3.7; C: 12.9).     

Cimetidine inhibition of theophylline elimination: the influence of adult age and the time course

The effect of placebo or cimetidine at a dose of 1 g daily on theophylline elimination was studied in a double-blind control manner in twelve healthy adult males aged 19-31 years. In a group of six, placebo had no effect on any of theophylline half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd), and total body clearance (CL). In another group of six, theophylline t1/2 rose significantly from 5.48 to 9.04 h (p less than 0.001) after 48 h and to 8.98 h (p less than 0.001) after a week pretreatment with cimetidine. Correspondingly, CL (ml min-1kg-1) fell to 0.66 (p less than 0.025) and 0.60 (p less than 0.01). Changes after 48 h pretreatment were not different from those after a week pretreatment. Seven days after the last cimetidine dose, theophylline disposition had reverted to the control level. There was no significant change in Vd. In five elderly subjects aged 56-68 years, a week of dosing with cimetidine caused a rise in t1/2 (7.17 h to 10.39 h; p less than 0.001) and a fall in CL (0.77 ml min-1kg-1 to 0.53 ml min-1kg-1; p less than 0.005) without significantly altering Vd. In two subjects, there was restoration of theophylline disposition to the control level 72 h after cessation of cimetidine intake. Changes in the elderly were not significantly different from those in the younger ones. Data indicate that cimetidine-induced impairment of theophylline disposition is of rapid onset, has rapidly attainable maximum effect, and is rapidly reversible. Furthermore elderly individuals are just as susceptible to it as the younger adults.     

Radiotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in the NB rat prostate adenocarcinoma model

The NB Rat Prostate Adenocarcinoma Model has been utilized to evaluate the effect of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and the combination of these two modalities on growth of the androgen insensitive Nb AI-3 prostate tumor. These studies have demonstrated tumor regression in animals treated with Cyclophosphamide in combination with Cisplatin (p less than 0.05). Tumor regression was also seen in the groups treated with radiation therapy at doses of 600 cGy, twice weekly, for three weeks (p less than 0.05), 500 cGy, three times weekly, for three weeks (p less than 0.05), and 300 cGy, three times weekly, for three weeks (p less than 0.05). Complete tumor regression was seen in groups receiving 500 cGy, three times per week, for three weeks, concomitantly with fractional dose Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin (p less than 0.001). Complete tumor regression was also seen in rats treated with radiation therapy at a dose of 300 cGy three times per week for three weeks concomitantly with fractional dose Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin (p less than 0.001). Another group treated with radiation therapy alone at a dose of 750 cGy, one time weekly, for four weeks, demonstrated progression of tumor growth. All control and treatment groups demonstrated metastatic lesions with the exception of the group receiving 600 cGy twice weekly.     

Increase in circulating insulin induced by atrial natriuretic peptide in normal humans

To search for possible metabolic interactions of alpha-human-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha hANP), we evaluated in 20 normal subjects blood levels of alpha hANP, glucose, insulin, cortisol, electrolytes, catecholamines, free fatty acids, carnitine and amino acids, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate before, during, and after a 45-min infusion of synthetic alpha hANP. Group A [n = 10] was studied on liberal and Group B on three consecutive sodium (Na) intakes of 17, 140, and 310 mM/day. Plasma alpha hANP was slightly but not significantly higher following 5 days on "normal" or high than on low Na+ intakes. alpha hANP infused at 0.1 microgram/kg/min produced on all Na+ intakes comparable percentage increases in plasma insulin (+34 to 63%, p less than 0.001), norepinephrine (+76 to 155%, p less than 0.001) and heart rate (p less than 0.001), and a similar fall in diastolic BP (p less than 0.001). Plasma glucose tended to be decreased slightly and cortisol was reduced; epinephrine, dopamine, and potassium levels were not significantly modified. As evaluated in group A, serum free fatty acids were increased (p less than 0.01), plasma free carnitine levels were reduced (p less than 0.001), and amino acids were not consistently altered. These findings indicate that in normal humans alpha hANP may, on various sodium intakes, modulate insulin secretion and/or metabolism and elicit a possibly baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation and lipolysis.     

Studies of the possibility of multiple use of capillary dialyzers. II. Effectiveness of the elimination of urea and creatinine

By means of the method divised by the authors two types of capillary dialyzers were used many times: MTS C 1.0 model by Fresenius, membrane thickness 11 mu, and 23-08 model by Travenol, membrane thickness 8 mu. At the fourth use of the Fresenius dialyzers it was found in the studies performed at the start of haemolysis that urea clearanic decreased by 8% on the average. This, with the blood flow of 200 ml/min, was significant statistically (p less than 0.05). In the Travenol dialyzers the decrease was by 18% on the average, while the decrease that was statistically significant was when the dialyzer was used for the second time (p less than 0.05). Creatinine clearance at the fourth use of the Travenol dialyzers decreased by 20% on the average--insignificantly, and in the Fresenius dialyzers it decreased significantly at the second use (p less than 0.01), though at the fourth haemodialysis it decreased by 10% on the average. Clearance of urea and creatinine at the end of haemodialysis decreased more prominently than at the start. This caused an increase in the difference between the start and the end of the dialysis, which in the Travenol dialyzers was made visible as late as at the fourth use of dialyzer. The authors think that the data show the capillary dialyzers can be used three or four times.     

The effects of aging on the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic responses to nifedipine in isolated perfused hearts.

Age effects on responses to calcium channel blockade with nifedipine were studied in isolated Langendorff-perfused Fischer 344 rat hearts. Responses to 25 min of perfusion with nifedipine concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ng/ml were studied in hearts from 11 mature (6 months) and 13 senescent (23-27 months) male F344 rats. Nifedipine produced significant increases in the atrial cycle length (p less than 0.001), paced atrioventricular (AV) conduction time (p less than 0.001), AV Wenckebach cycle length (p less than 0.001), left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure (p less than 0.001), and decreases in LV systolic pressure (p less than 0.001) and peak dP/dt (p less than 0.001) in hearts from both mature and senescent rats. Greater decreases in the atrial rate (p less than 0.05) and depression of peak dP/dt (p less than 0.05) were detected in senescent vs. mature rat hearts. No age difference in responses of AV conduction parameters were detected although increases in the AV Wenckebach cycle length appeared to be greater in senescent hearts at concentrations greater than 75 ng/ml.     

贞芪扶正胶囊配合放疗治疗宫颈癌临床试验

目的:观察浓缩型贞芪扶正胶囊对宫颈癌放疗疗效及癌周围上皮细胞修复的影响。方法:随机将152 例宫颈癌患者分为两组,每组76例,两组均在常规放疗同时口服VitB4 10mg,tid,利血生10 mg,tid;治疗组再加服贞芪扶正胶囊4粒,bid,疗程8周。观察疗效和放疗后第3,4,5,8周外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、NK细胞及癌周细胞的变化。结果:治疗组治愈率81．5％,对照组76．3％,两组比较差异不显著(P>0．05);在第3,4,5,8周,治疗组外周血白细胞计数明显高于对照组(P<0．05);NK细胞数量治疗组明显高于对照组(P<0．01);治疗组癌周上皮细胞在第4周后出现显著修复性变化,第8周新生细胞比例增多达(0．51±0．22),明显高于对照组的(0．24±0．21),P< 0．01。结论:浓缩型贞芪扶正胶囊能增强宫颈癌放疗患者的疗效和免疫造血功能,促进癌周围上皮细胞修复。     

Oxidative stress induced by lead and antioxidant potential of certain adaptogens in poultry

Effect of lead was studied for its action on antioxidant defense in broilers. A total of 225 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Vencobb strain) were divided randomly into 15 groups consisting of 15 chicks in each group. Group 1 was maintained on basal diet, group 2 on polyherbal formulation (PHF; stressroak), group 3 on shilajit, group 4 on amla, and group 5 on vitamin E + selenium (Se). Group 6 was maintained on lead for 42 days (6 weeks) and group 7 on lead for 28 days and subsequently on basal diet without lead for the remaining two weeks. Groups 8, 9, 10, and 11 were given lead along with PHF, shilajit, amla, and vitamin E + Se, respectively throughout the experiment for 6 weeks. Groups 12, 13, 14, and 15 were given lead containing diet for the first four weeks (28 days) and subsequently treated with PHF, shilajit, amla, and vitamin E + Se, respectively for the remaining two weeks. Antioxidant status of the birds was analyzed by assaying blood samples for glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, GSH reductase, and catalase at the end of fourth and sixth weeks, whereas Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and GSH concentrations were estimated in liver homogenate at the end of the sixth week. The antioxidant defense parameters were significantly altered in toxic control groups indicating the possible oxidative damage caused by lead, whereas the parameters were normal in control groups 1 to 5 and other groups that were given the drugs in test, indicating their good ameliorating activity in oxidative stress.     

The effect of formulation on oesophageal transit

The oesophageal transit of barium sulphate in small or large, heavy or light capsules or film coated and plain oval tablets was measured during fluoroscopy in five separate studies involving 175 subjects. Transit of large, but not small capsules was significantly faster than plain oval tablets in both erect and supine subjects (P less than 0.05). Heavy large capsules entered the stomach in all subjects within 20 s, whereas in all other studies some subjects retained dosage forms in the oesophagus for over 5 min. The transit of heavy capsules was significantly faster than light capsules in erect subjects (P less than 0.0005). Light capsules tended to have faster transit times than heavy capsules in the supine position. Film coating significantly enhanced oval tablet transit in erect (P less than 0.00003) and supine subjects (P less than 0.05). When large capsules of equal weight but less dense than film coated oval tablets were directly compared, the tablet transit was significantly superior in the erect subjects (P less than 0.0001). In supine subjects the transit of the light capsule was significantly faster (P less than 0.005). It is concluded that different drug formulations can have significant effects on oesophageal transit, and hence on the development of drug induced oesophageal ulceration.     

Hypertension and myocarditis in rabbits exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfan.

Male albino rabbits were exposed to the organochlorinated pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and endosulfan (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, ip) twice a week for 12 mo. The mean body weight of the rabbits at 12 mo was lower than that of the controls. There was rise in blood pressure and heart rate. Electrocardiograms (ECG) in both the exposed groups showed increases in PR, QT and RR intervals. Extensive myocardial damage was recorded with marked degeneration of muscle fibers vacuolization and leucocytic infiltration. Adrenals had thickened capsules and hyperplasia of cortical cells. Both pesticides produced significant increases (p less than 0.001) of 11-hydroxycortisone at all time intervals. Hypertension and myocarditis occurred in rabbits exposed to HCH and endosulfan.     

Circulating T-cell subpopulations in lithium-associated granulocytosis

Granulocytosis is a common feature in patients undergoing lithium therapy. With increasing evidence that T lymphocytes play a role in the control of granulopoiesis, we have investigated the effect of lithium administration on circulating levels of T helper and T suppressor cells, as identified by monoclonal antibodies, to determine whether lithium-induced granulocytosis is mediated through changes in peripheral blood T cell subsets. Lithium carbonate was administered to 10 subjects over a 2 week period. Differential leucocyte counts and T, B, T helper and T suppressor lymphocyte enumerations were performed prior to administration of lithium (Day 1) and on 2 occasions (Day 7 and 14) during ingestion of the drug. Ten healthy control subjects were similarly investigated. Small, but significant elevation (p less than 0.05) in neutrophil counts at 7 and 14 days were observed in subjects taking lithium, serum lithium levels at these times were 0.56 +/- 0.27 and 0.68 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, respectively; lymphocyte and monocyte levels were unaffected. The percentages and absolute numbers of circulating T, B, T helper and T suppressor lymphocytes were not significantly altered (p greater than 0.05) during lithium administration and did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) from those recorded for the control group. We were thus unable to demonstrate that short-term lithium administration induced changes in the circulating levels of T helper (OKT4+) or T suppressor (OKT8+) cells.     

氟康唑联合克霉唑阴道片治疗念珠菌性阴道炎

目的：评价氟康唑联合克霉唑阴道片治疗念殊菌性阴道炎的疗效。方法：将120名念珠菌性阴道炎患者分为3组。A组59例，采用氟康唑口服3d及单剂量克霉唑阴道片治疗。B组38例，采用氟康唑连续口服治疗3d。C组23例，采用单剂量克霉唑阴道片治疗。分别于治疗结束后第1周及第4周末复查，通过观察临床症状和体征、阴道分泌物涂片镜检评价疗效。结果：治疗后1周三组疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05），治疗后4周A组疗效显著优于B组和C组（P〈0．05）。结论：氟康唑口服联合克霉唑阴道片治疗念珠菌性阴道炎远期疗效优于单一疗法。     

以 SvO2为导向的早期目标导向液体治疗对感染性 休克猪血流动力学和氧动力学的影响

目的 评价以混合静脉血氧饱和度（SvO2）为导向的早期目标导向液体治疗（EGDT）对感染性休克猪血流 动力学和氧动力学的影响。方法 雄性巴马小型猪 12 只,采用随机数字表法均分为传统方法（C）组和目标导向（G） 组。采用静脉输注内毒素方法制造感染性休克模型后,C 组休克后维持平均动脉压（MAP）≥65 mmHg,中心静脉压 （CVP）8~12 mmHg,尿量≥0.5 mL/ （kg·h）,G 组除以上指标外,维持 SvO2≥0.65。治疗持续 6 h。分别在内毒素开始输 注 0、60、120、180、240、300、360、420 及 480 min（T0~T8）记录中心体温、血流和氧动力学指标及使用的液体和血管活 性药物使用情况。结果 与 C 组相比,在血流动力学方面 2 组各时点 MAP、心率（HR）、全身血管阻力指数（SVRI）差 异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,G 组在 T4~T8 时点心输出量指数（CI）和 CVP 升高（P＜0.05）,在 T8 时点平均肺动脉压 （MPAP）和肺血管阻力指数（PVRI）降低（P＜0.05）;在氧动力学方面,G 组在 T3~T8 时点 SvO2升高,氧摄取率（O2ER） 降低（P＜0.05）,在 T4~T8 时点氧供（DO2）升高（P＜0.05）,T5~T8 时点血乳酸（Lac）降低,在 T8 时点动静脉 CO2分压 差［Δp（CO2）］降低（P＜0.05）,2 组动物各时点氧耗（VO2）差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。G 组补液量和尿量多,去甲肾上 腺素量较少（P＜0.05）,G 组多巴酚丁胺用量较多,而 C 组均未用。结论 以 SvO2为导向的 EGDT 在感染性休克救治 中可更加有效地稳定血流动力学和氧动力学,表现为心输出量增加、氧供增加、氧摄取率正常、组织灌注较好。     

不同剂量碘化钾缓释片和胶囊的驱铅作用比较

目的 :比较不同剂量碘化钾缓释片和胶囊的驱铅作用。方法 :分成 4组。A组口服碘化钾胶囊 1g·d- 1,B组口服碘化钾缓释片 1g·d- 1,C组口服碘化钾胶囊 0 .5 g·d- 1,D组口服碘化钾缓释片 ,0 .5 g·d- 1,疗程 4wk。观察尿铅排泄 ,并比较用药前后血铅、血锌卟啉 (ZPP)、δ 氨基脱水酶 (δ ALA)及甲状腺素 (T3,T4 )浓度。结果 :4组均有不同程度增加尿铅排泄 ,降低血铅、尿ZPP和δ ALA作用。T3,T4 治疗前后差异有显著意义。口服碘化钾 1g胶囊制剂不良反应最大 ,主要表现为乏力、上腹隐痛 ,分别为 3 1%和 45 % ;口服缓释片 0 .5 g·d- 1,不良反应最小 ,5 %有乏力和口干口苦。结论 :碘化钾具有驱铅作用 ,推荐成人剂量为 0 .5 g·d- 1,且以缓释片为宜。