西南地区母系遗传性耳聋家系的线粒体DNA分析

目的 检测1555^A→G突变在西南地区母系遗传性非综合征性耳聋家系中的发生率,探讨其听力学特征,为建立相应的基因诊断方法提供依据。方法 对六个家系成员共102人进行听力学评估,并收集每人的外周静脉血标本,提取DNA,用PCR-RFLP法（AlW26Ⅰ限制性内切酶）检测1555^A→G突变。结果 听力损害的共同特点为双侧、对称性进行性耳蜗性聋,氨基甙类抗生互致聋（AAIB）家系1、2所有母系成员共17人有1555^A→G突变,非AAID家系6母系成员10人也有此突变。非母系成员及家系3、4、5所有成员无此突变。结论 mtDNA1555^A→G突变是这类耳聋的遗传基础之一,而氨基甙类抗生素是其重要的环境因素。1555^A→G突变性在西南地区AAID及非综合征性耳聋家系均有较高发生率。此突变的复查筛查有重要临床意义。     

一母系遗传非综合征型感音神经性耳聋线粒体基因突变分析

目的:通过对一个母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系进行线粒体DNA(mitochondric DNA,mtDNA)12SrRNA及tRNASer(UCN)基因突变分析,mtDNA突变与遗传性耳聋相关性。方法:临床听力测试以明确诊断,收集非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系中6人的外周静脉血样本,从白细胞中提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增mtDNA目的片段,对扩增片段进行DNA测序,对发现的基因突变进行计算机辅助的二级结构模拟分析。结果:测序结果表明,此家系mtDNA12SrRNA基因中存在着mtDNA A1555G、G1007A、A1313G点突变,tRNASer(UCN)基因无突变。结论:在该非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系中,mtDNA12SrRNA基因区域A1555G和G1007A、A1313G突变可能共同参与了听力损害的过程。     

线粒体COI基因7445位点在感音神经性耳聋中的突变

目的：筛查线粒体基因(mtDNA)COI 7445点突变在感音神经性耳聋（SNHL）人群中的发病率,以探讨该突变在SNHL发病中的作用。方法：采用PCR-限制性内切酶多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）和DNA测序等技术,对150例5~19岁单纯性SNHL患者进行mtDNA 的COI基因7445位点突变的检测。结果：150份样品均为7445G点突变阴性,但在1例无家族史、而有氨基糖甙类抗生素接触史的语前聋标本7444A位点发生突变。结论：mtDNA 7445G点突变在中国散发的耳聋人群中很少发生;7444A点突变也许是氨基糖甙类抗生素致聋的又一分子基础。     

含1555位点的线粒体DNA拷贝数与非综合征型耳聋临床表型的关系

目的 定量检测非综合征型耳聋患者mtDNA A1555G突变型/野生型的拷贝数,探讨mtDNA A1555G突变型的拷贝数与临床表型之间的关系.方法 建立RT-ARMS-qPCR系统对含突变型和野生型mtDNA 1555位点的拷贝数进行定量检测并计算其突变的比例.结合散发组和家系组耳聋患者的临床资料,分析mtDNA A1555G突变型的拷贝数与耳聋严重程度的关系.结果 散发组mtDNA A1555G同质性突变的患者中,突变拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度无关(R=0.001,P=0.997);散发组mtDNA A1555G异质性突变的患者中,突变型与野生型的拷贝数比例与耳聋轻重程度相关(R=0.771,P=0.003);家系组mtDNA A1555G同质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关(R=0.341,P=0.022);家系组mtDNA A1555G异质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关(R=0.85,P=0.015).结论 含mtDNA A1555G点突变的拷贝数与非综合征性耳聋的严重程度密切相关,为揭示非综合征耳聋临床表型多样性奠定了基础.     

中国福建线粒体耳聋患者线粒体DNA A1555G突变检测及其与耳聋严重程度的关系

背景 已知突变型与野生型线粒体DNA的比例与耳聋的临床表型有关。本研究建立高灵敏度的RT-ARMS-qPCR（real time-amplification refractory mutation system-quantitative PCR）系统定量测定含A1555G位点突变的线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA）,探讨突变型mtDNA的比例变化与中国福建线粒体耳聋（mitochondrial deafness, MD）患者耳聋严重程度的关系。 方法 以PCR扩增含mtDNA 1555位点的片段,并将其克隆到pGEMT Easy载体上,构建质粒标准品,建立RT-ARMS-qPCR系统定量检测126个中国福建MD患者含突变型和野生型mtDNA 1555位点的片段的拷贝数。结合患者的临床资料,分析耳聋严重程度与突变型mtDNA所占比例的关系。 结果　RT-ARMS-qPCR系统在检测1个含野生型mtDNA 1555的重组质粒DNA模板时,其批内变异系数（CV）为1.21%,批间CV为1.78%,线性范围为102～108拷贝数/μl;突变型或野生型引物只特异扩增相对应的序列,特异性好;散发组mtDNA A1555G同质性突变的患者中,突变拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度无关（R=0.007,P=0.989）;散发组mtDNA A1555G异质性突变的患者中,突变型与野生型的比例与耳聋轻重程度相关（R=0.811,P=0.003）;家系组mtDNA A1555G同质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关（R=0.352,P=0.023）;家系组mtDNA A1555G异质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关（R=0.90,P=0.012）。 结论　RT-ARMS-qPCR系统适合于定量检测mtDNA A1555G点突变的线粒体DNA片段,结果特异、稳定、准确。线粒体耳聋的严重程度与突变型mtDNA 1555所占比例有关。     

Detection of A3243G point mutation in mitochondrial DNA from 10 cases of MELAS

目的：对10例MELAS型线粒体脑肌病患者进行线粒体DNA A3243G点突变的检测。方法：用PCR-限制性内切酶分析法（restriction analysis）,检测10例MELAS患者及其8名母系亲属的肌肉和/或外周血细胞中有无mtDNA的A3243G点突变,并进行突变型mtDNA的定量。结果：在10例患者的肌肉和/血细胞中,均检测到A3243点突变。突变型mtDNA的比例在血细胞（7例）中为10.8％-47.8％,在肌肉（5例）中为39.4％-67.7％。有2例患者同时进行了肌肉和血细胞标本的检测,突变型mtDNA的比例肌肉组织均高于血细胞。在血细胞中,年轻患者的突变型比例通常较高。在1个家系中可证实为母系遗传 。但在3例先证者的母亲及2例先证者抽胞均未检测到此突变。结论：10例MELAS综合征患者均携有mtDNA A3243G点突变。在6个家庭中,只有1个家庭可证实为母系遗传,另外5个家庭中此突变可能为散发性,提示在中国人MELAS的发病机制中,mtDNAA3243G点突变为新生突变的居多。     

非综合征型耳聋线粒体基因突变的检测

目的：通过分析内蒙古鄂尔多斯市特殊教育学校非综合征型耳聋患者群体中mtDNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变,以探讨该群体与线粒体突变的关系。方法：对鄂尔多斯市特殊教育学校102名非综合征型耳聋患者进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试、声导抗测试、提取外周血DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增mtDNA目的片段,对扩增片段进行限制性内切酶检测,对阳性标本进行DNA序列分析。结果：该校102名学生中,全部为感音性耳聋,其中54例使用过氨基糖苷类抗生素,7例（6.9%）存在线粒体基因A1555G位点突变。结论：该群体线粒体A1555G位点的突变率高于以往的报道,携带有该突变的个体对氨基糖苷类抗生素有高度易感性,该基因突变是感音神经性耳聋的原因之一。     

线粒体DNA A1555G突变大规模筛查及其预防意义探讨

目的探讨在高危人群和特定人群中进行线粒体DNAA1555G突变基因筛查在预防药物性耳聋中的必要性.方法应用自主研制的线粒体DNA A1555G突变检测试剂盒对来自全国不同省市的1836例散发的非综合征性耳聋患者进行线粒体DNAA1555G突变基因筛查,筛出阳性个体,进一步了解阳性病例所有母系家庭成员状况,绘制详细家庭系谱图,对母系成员中未发病者进行防聋宣教.结果1836例中,63例存在线粒体DNAA1555G突变,突变率3.43%;在63个母系遗传家系中,8例失随访,3例不愿提供家系资料;52个有完整随访资料的家系中,存活母系家庭成员737人,耳聋发病201人（含先证者）,未发病536人.结论在高危人群和特定人群中进行线粒体DNAA1555G突变基因筛查发现氨基糖甙类抗生素致聋敏感个体,进而对其未发病母系家庭成员进行防聋宣教是预防药物性耳聋、减少药物性耳聋发生率的有效措施.     

线粒体DNA突变糖尿病的特点

对线粒体DNA突变，尤其是转移核糖核酸亮氨酸tRNA（Leu，UUR）基因nt3243A→G点突变在糖尿病发病机制中的作用作一综述．nt3243A→G点突变常常是导致MIDD（母系遗传糖尿病伴耳聋）、MELAS（线粒体脑肌病、乳酸酸中毒、癫痫样发作综合征）及肾衰的常见病因．由于mtDNA突变影响ATP生成及可改变细胞内线粒体代谢产物的含量，从而可能导致与mtDNA突变有关的特殊类型糖尿病的发生，临床上出现一系列的特殊表现．     

两个线粒体12S rRNA C1494T突变及药物性耳聋家系的分子遗传学研究

目的:探讨2个氨基糖甙类药物性耳聋及非综合征型耳聋家系的分子遗传学特征?方法:收集家系成员外周血样,常规方法提取基因组DNA?首先,利用基因芯片对中国人4个常见耳聋基因的9个突变热点进行分子筛查,9个位点分别为:GJB2基因的35 delG?176 del16?235 delC和299 delAT;GJB3基因的538 C>T;PDS基因的IVS7-2 A>G和2168 A>G以及mtDNA 12S rRNA基因的1494 C>T和1555 A>G?然后,对两家系的先证者分别进行线粒体DNA全序列及核基因TRMU和MTO1编码区的PCR扩增和测序分析?结果:芯片检测发现两家系的7名母系成员均存在同质性mtDNA 12S rRNA C1494T突变?与修正的剑桥参考序列相比,2名先证者的mtDNA全序列分析共检测到53个碱基变异,但除已知的12S rRNA C1494T突变外,其余52个碱基变异均为已报道的多态性位点;两家系先证者线粒体单体型分别是D4和D5a;TRMU和MTO1基因序列分析无异常发现?结论:线粒体DNA 12S rRNA C1494T突变是两个家系耳聋发生的主要分子基础,而氨基糖甙类抗生素的应用增强了该突变的表型表达;未能证实线粒体单体型以及核基因TRMU和MTO1对家系成员C1494T突变的表型具有修饰作用?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.