气道高反应性的临床病理研究

目的探讨气道高反应性（ＢＨＲ）的发生机制及无症状性ＢＨＲ与哮喘之间的关系。方法对１７例无症状性ＢＨＲ进行了气道粘膜的病理学研究。结果１７例中９例（５３％）气道粘膜有变应性炎症（ＡＡＩ），与哮喘缓解期患者气道粘膜的病理改变相似；８例（４７％）气道粘膜也有炎症改变，但不同于ＡＡＩ，无嗜酸粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）和肥大细胞（ＭＣ）浸润。结论无症状性ＢＨＲ者部分已有与哮喘患者类似的病理改变。     

气道高反应性的机理及影响因素

气道高反应性是支气管哮喘重要而关键的特征,近年对其机理的研究极为活跃.本文就近年来有关炎症、神经因素、气道平滑肌以及体液和介质对气道反应性的影响进行了综述.     

老年人的气道高反应性分析

目的探讨老年人的气道反应性特点,为老年气道高反应性在临床上的应用提供依据.方法临床疑诊为气道反应性增高且肺功能正常或接近正常的病人142例,以磷酸组织胺吸入作支气管激发试验评价气道高反应性.结果激发试验总阳性率为38.0%(54/142),其中男性的阳性率略高于女性(46.8% vs 31.3%,P>0.05).气道高反应性的程度分布极轻度占31.5%,轻度占42.6%,中度占25.9%.基础肺功能(FEV1%预计值)与气道反应性增高(PD20FEV1)在老年病人中呈低度正相关(r=0.259,P=0.05),基础肺功能损害较重者其气道反应性增高也越明显.结论老年人的气道反应性相对较低,气道高反应性程度以极轻度和轻度为主.     

阳离子蛋白与气道高反应性

本综述了阳离子蛋白的产生及其在气道高反应性中的作用。并讨论其作用机制，为哮喘治疗提供新的策略。     

哮喘气道高反应性昼夜节律变化的意义

哮喘气道高反应性昼夜节律变化的意义林升焰，戴木森，周其林，黄庆华，徐云琴气道高反应性（ＢＨＲ）为哮喘的重要特征。通过对１１７例哮喘患者的ＢＨＲ与通气功能的２４小时动态观察，探讨其ＢＨＲ的昼夜变化，以及与夜间低通气的关系。本组１１７例包括夜间哮喘患者（...     

血小板活化因子致豚鼠气道高反应性作用机制的研究

建立血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）导致的气道高反应性的豚鼠模型，来研究神经激肽１（Ｎｋ１）和神经激肽２（Ｎｋ２）受体拮抗剂分别在ＰＡＦ导致气道高反应性中的作用，以探讨哪种速激肽受体的激活在ＰＡＦ起主要作用。材料与方法健康雄性Ｈａｒｔｌｅｙ系豚鼠３２只，体重...     

无症状的气道高反应性提示有隐匿型哮喘吗？

对８１例（１１～１７岁）有气道高反应性的青少年学生进行了两年的随访观察，另以８８例年龄相同但气道反应性正常的学生作对照。结果显示，经过两年，８１例观察组有５８例仍保持气道高反应性，其中有１０例新发生哮喘，原有哮喘患者３例，其中９例症状消失，观察组新哮喘发生率（１２．５％）及哮喘总例数均显著高于对照组（２／８８及２／８８）Ｐ〈０．０５），两组肺通气功能无显著差异；气道高反应性越重，新发酵喘的可能性越     

支气管哮喘与气道炎症和支气管高反应性

现已普遍认为支气管哮喘是一种气道炎症（ＡＩ）疾病，支气管高反应性（ＢＨＲ）是其重要特征。本探讨了哮喘与ＡＩ和ＢＨＲ的关系，进而阐述哮喘的可能发病机制。     

白细胞介素1与哮喘气道高反应性关系的研究

气道高反应性（ＡＨＲ）是支气管哮喘的重要病理生理学特征,慢性气道炎症被认为是其产生的重要因素之一。许多炎症细胞及其产生的细胞因子参与了炎症过程,白细胞介素１（ＩＬ１）即是其中的重要一员。我们的实验以豚鼠为研究对象,通过观测ＩＬ１对正常豚鼠气道反应...     

Immunopharmacological effect of a Japanese herbal medicine (Hochu-ekki-to) on the elderly

Hochu-ekki-to (HOT) has long been used for treatment of the elderly complaining of severe weakness. In this study, we examined its immunopharmacological effect on 16 elderly patients, aged 76.5 years on average and complaining of general fatigue. They were administered orally 7.5 g of HOT every day for at least 120 days (4 months), which provided them with a noticeable improvement of their physical condition. From the immunological point of view, during the observation period, the total number of circulating leukocytes remained unchanged, as well as the ratios between CD3⁺T- and CD20⁺B-cells and between CD4⁺T- and CD8⁺T-cells. However, as verified on day 30 as well as on day 120 after the administration of HOT, the activity of NK against K562 target cells was significantly enhanced. Also, on days 30 and 120, there was a significant increase in serum IFN-γ level which is thought to be associated with NK activity. From these results, it may be concluded that the oral administration of HOT to the elderly may help them ameliorate, at least partially, their immunological capacity as well as their physical condition.     

The effect of inhaled 15-(s)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) on airway calibre and non-specific responsiveness in normal and asthmatic human subjects

15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) is the predominant oxidative metabolite of arachidonic acid in human lung. We have studied its effects on airway calibre and non-specific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) in eight normal and eight asthmatic subjects. 15-HETE, at doses up to 70 nmol, had no effect on airway calibre in either group of subjects. However, 3 h after its administration, 15-HETE reduced NSBR in the normal subjects (geometric mean methacholine PD40 Vp30 increased by 2.29-fold from baseline compared with a corresponding 1.14-fold increase after diluent, p less than 0.05). Similarly, 4 h after inhaled 15-HETE, the spontaneous increase in NSBR in the asthmatics was completely inhibited (geometric mean histamine PD40 Vp30 decreased significantly to 0.41-fold of baseline after diluent (p less than 0.01) compared with a 1.1-fold increase after 15-HETE, p less than 0.01). These data suggest 15-HETE may play an autacoid role in airway function.     

The effect of acute and chronic leukapheresis on the natural killer (NK) cell function of normal human volunteers

Twenty-two normal volunteers had approximately eight, 2-hr-long leukapheresis procedures over a 2-year period and their natural killer (NK) cell function was prospectively measured. The NK activity of the preprocedure peripheral blood (pre-PB) was found to correlate well with the NK activity of the inital leukocytes removed by leukapheresis (I-Leuk). When the I-Leuk specimens were compared with the leukapheresis specimens removed at the termination of leukapheresis (T-Leuk), T-Leuk showed a consistent 10% increase in NK activity. When the pre-PB and the I-Leuk values were analyzed for each donor over the 2 years of the study, 18 donors revealed no significant change from their baseline NK activity, two donors showed a minimal increase in NK cell activity, and two donors displayed a minimal decrease in NK cell activity. We conclude that although leukapheresis appears acutely to boost NK cell activity, this increase is transient and small in magnitude. Most importantly, repeated leukapheresis does not appear adversely to effect this important effector function in normal donors.     

蝙蝠葛碱对心肌电生理和肌浆网Ca~(2 )-ATP酶的效应及其与汉防己甲素比较研究

目的　比较中药蝙蝠葛碱 (Dau)及汉防己甲素 (Tet)的细胞电生理效应及对心肌肌浆网Ca2 -ATP酶的影响 ,为临床用药提供实验及理论依据。　方法　用玻璃微电极的方法 ,观察用药前后心肌细胞动作电位 (AP)、d V/ dt、峰张力 (PT)及 d T/ dt等指标的改变 ,并用生化方法观察上述两种药对心肌肌浆网钙吸收率及无机磷释放等指标的变化。　结果　蝙蝠葛碱延长了快动作电位 (FAP)的动作电位时限 (APD) ,包括 APD2 0 和 APD90 及慢动作电位 (SAP)的 APD90 ,且 APD90 增宽明显 (P<0 .0 5) ;却缩短了 SAP的 APD2 0 。汉防己甲素虽亦轻度延长了 FAP的 APD90 ,但差异无统计学意义。它主要缩短了 SAP的 APD2 0 、APD90 。两种药均抑制了动作电位幅度 (APA)、PT、d T/ dt和钙摄取率 ,磷的释放 ,对后四项的作用以汉防己甲素更为明显。　结论　蝙蝠葛碱轻度抑制了钙离子内流及 Ca2 -ATP酶的活性 ,但具有明显抑制钠离子内流及钾离子外流的作用 ,尤其是阻滞延迟钾外流作用更为明显 ,其电生理的作用机制类似 类抗心律常药胺碘酮。     

The effect of beta-blocker (carvedilol) therapy on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels and echocardiographic findings in patients with congestive heart failure

BACKGROUND: The favorable effects of beta-blockers on decreasing mortality in contemporary heart failure management have been demonstrated in recent years. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic (NT-proBNP) peptide levels increase in patients with heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic findings for the patients who received carvedilol therapy in addition to standard therapy for congestive heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 25 patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure and 25 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Before introducing beta-blocker into their therapy regimens, baseline transthoracic echocardiography recordings were made and venous blood samples were drawn for establishing NT-proBNP levels. The patients were administered with a minimum dose of carvedilol. Three months after reaching the maximum tolerable dose, blood samples were drawn from the patients once again for NT-proBNP measurements, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. There was a significant drop in plasma NT-proBNP levels at the end of the study in comparison to the baseline values (baseline: 381.20+/-35.06 pg/mL, at the end of the third month: 254.44+/-28.64 pg/mL; P < 0.001). While left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters were observed to have significantly decreased as a result of the therapy (P < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.001) was established to have increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Carvedilol therapy resulted in a marked decrease in plasma NT-proBNP levels and increase left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure.     

血管活性肠肽对体外大肠癌 HT29细胞粘附和侵袭作用的影响

目的观察血管活性肠肽(VIP)和双丁酰环磷酸腺苷(db-cAMP)对体外大肠癌 HT29细胞对大鼠血管内皮的粘附和侵袭的影响。方法取出大鼠主动脉,建立体外癌细胞—血管内皮粘附试验模型。用光镜和扫描电镜观察 HT29细胞对大鼠血管内皮粘附作用和其形态学变化,以及 VIP 和 db-cAMP 对细胞粘附的影响并在扫描电镜上计数量化分析。结果在血管内皮上可清晰辨认癌细胞并可观察其对血管内皮的粘附和侵袭的形态学改变.VIP 组的粘附细胞和高活性粘附细胞显著多于对照组(P<0.05),相反 db-cAMP 则无此作用.结论 VIP可促进体外 HT29细胞对血管内皮的粘附和侵袭,其机制可能与激活癌细胞 A 激酶系统有关。     

The Effect of (Mg,Zn)12Ce Phase Content on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Ce–Zr Alloy

The quantitative study of rare earth compounds is important for the improvement of existing magnesium alloy systems and the design of new magnesium alloys. In this paper, the effective separation of matrix and compound in Mg–Zn–Ce–Zr alloy was achieved by a low-temperature chemical phase separation technique. The mass fraction of the (Mg, Zn)₁₂Ce compound was determined and the effect of the (Mg, Zn)₁₂Ce phase content on the heat deformation organization and properties was investigated. The results show that the Mg–Zn–Ce compound in both the as-cast and the homogeneous alloys is (Mg, Zn)₁₂Ce. (Mg, Zn)₁₂Ce phase formation depends on the content and the ratio of Zn and Ce elements in the initial residual melt of the eutectic reaction. The Zn/Ce mass ratios below 2.5 give the highest compound contents for different Zn contents, 5.262 wt.% and 7.040 wt.%, respectively. The increase in the amount of the (Mg, Zn)₁₂Ce phase can significantly reduce the critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization formation. Both the critical strain and the stress decrease with increasing rare earth content. The reduction of the critical conditions and the particle-promoted nucleation mechanism work together to increase the amount of dynamic recrystallization. In addition, it was found that alloys with 6 wt.% Zn elements tend to undergo a dynamic recrystallization softening mechanism, while alloys with 3 wt.% Zn elements tend to undergo a dynamic reversion softening mechanism.     

MACVIA-LR,Reference site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) in Languedoc Roussillon

The Région Languedoc-Roussillon is the umbrella organisation for an interconnected and integrated project on AHA covering the 3 pillars of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All sub-activities (A1: electronic pharmaceutical file, A2: falls prevention initiative, A3: frailty, B3: chronic respiratory diseases, chronic diseases with comorbidities, oral health and hepatitis virus C chronic infection, C2 and D4 active and independent living and handicap) are included in MACVIA-LR that has a strong political commitment and includes all stakeholders (public, private, patients, policy makers). It is one of the Reference Sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing built around chronic diseases, ageing and handicap. The framework of MACVIA-LR has the vision that the prevention and management of CDs is essential for AHA promotion and for the reduction of handicap. The main objective of MACVIA-LR is to develop innovative solutions for a network of Living Labs in order to improve the care of patients affected by CDs in the Languedoc-Roussillon area and to disseminate the innovation.