1312株酵母菌的鉴定及其药敏分析

目的 分析临床标本中酵母菌的菌种分布及其对5种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性,帮助临床合理使用抗真菌药物. 方法 采用显色培养基和VITEK 32的YST鉴定卡对2009-2010年海口市人民医院临床送检的标本进行分离鉴定,并用ATB FUNGUS 3进行体外药物敏感性检测及耐药分析. 结果 1312株酵母菌中,其中白色念珠菌最多为825株(62.9％),其次为热带念珠菌206株(15.7％)和光滑念珠菌198株(15.1％).体外药敏检测结果显示氟康唑、伏立康唑对白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌的敏感率达90％以上;伊曲康唑对白色念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌敏感率大于80％;两性霉素B对各念珠菌的敏感率都大于95％. 结论 1312株酵母菌中白色念珠菌的比例最高,其次为热带念珠菌和光滑念珠菌.体外药敏检测结果显示氟康唑、伏立康唑和两性霉素B的敏感率较好.     

Invasive yeast infections other than Candida spp. in acute leukaemia

During the last two decades, the treatment of leukaemia has changed significantly; increasing intensity of chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation have lead to profound immunosuppression, prolonged stays in hospital, vascular catheterization, administration of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents and extensive use of prophylactic antifungal drugs. All but the last of these risk factors have increased the incidence of fungal infections in leukaemic patients and have significantly changed the spectrum of pathogens in favour of non-Candida species. In major haematological centres in Europe and the US, the proportion of non-Candida yeast isolated from patients increased from 1 to 5% in 1980 to 10 to 25% after 1990. However, there are not enough data to assess whether mortality due to these species is higher than that due to Candida spp. (30-40%) or filamentous fungi (50-70%). In this article, specific risk factors and therapeutic outcome of yeast infections other than Candida spp. in leukaemia such as Malassezia furfur, Trichosporon spp., Blastoschizomyces capitatus, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Cryptococcus laurentii and Hansenula anomala are reviewed. An analysis of risk factors from the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava has shown that non-Candida yeast infections (N = 15) in cancer patients are associated with leukaemia and neutropenia (P = < 0.002, 0.005), more often fatal than those caused by C. albicans (N = 51) (P < 0.006) but not non-albicans Candida (N = 34) and are associated with quinolone (P < 0.0001) and itraconazole prophylaxis (P < or = 0.05, 0.015) compared to both C. albicans or non-albicans Candida respectively.     

62例真菌菌血症回顾性研究

目的研究真菌菌血症临床特点、可能的相关因素、病原谱及药敏特点,为真菌菌血症防治提供依据。方法回顾性地研究医院2003-2004年发生的62例真菌菌血症。结果95.2%的真菌菌血症为医院感染;59例长期应用广谱抗菌药物(95.1%)、中心静脉置管(46.8%)、气管切开及机械通气(38.7%);分离出的病原菌依次为白色假丝酵母菌(16株)、近平滑假丝酵母菌(12株)、光滑假丝酵母菌(11株)、热带假丝酵母菌(10株);对氟康唑敏感性均>90%(热带假丝酵母菌除外)。结论非白色假丝酵母菌感染导致的真菌菌血症逐渐增多,广谱抗菌药物的应用及中心静脉置管与真菌菌血症相关性可能更强,氟康唑对除热带假丝酵母菌、克柔假丝酵母菌外的多种真菌有良好的抗菌活性。     

A survey of the in vitro antifungal activity of heather (Erica sp.) organic honey

Monofloral heather (Erica sp.) honey samples (n=89), harvested in Portugal according to European organic beekeeping rules, were analyzed to test their antifungal effect against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans. A synthetic honey solution was also tested to determine antifungal activity attributable to sugars. The specific growth rate (μ) values showed that growth of all the yeasts was reduced in the presence of honey. The honey concentration (% wt/vol) that inhibited 10% of the yeast growth (X(min)) was 13.5% for C. albicans, 20.5% for C. krusei, and 17.1% for C. neoformans. The respective concentrations of heather honey and synthetic honey in the C. krusei culture medium above 60% (wt/vol) that inhibited 90% of the yeast growth (X(max)) and X(min), respectively, were established, whereas C. albicans and C. neoformans were more resistant because X(max) values were not reached over the range tested (10-60%, wt/vol). Heather honey might be tapped as a natural resource to look for new medicines for the treatment of mycotic infections. Further studies are now required to demonstrate if this antifungal activity has any clinical application.     

1062株酵母样真菌的分布及药敏分析

目的探讨医院内酵母样真菌感染的常见菌种、标本来源、临床病区分布及药敏性分析。方法血培养用血培养瓶抽血后在Bact/A lert3D血培养仪中培养,阳性后转种沙保罗培养基,其它标本直接接种于沙保罗培养基,分离纯菌,用V itek2 compact酵母菌鉴定卡进行鉴定,K-B法进行药敏试验。结果1 062株酵母样真菌以白色假丝酵母菌为主(588株),热带假丝酵母菌次之(258株),光滑假丝酵母菌位居第三(125株);标本来源中,痰占首位(422株),分离出白假丝酵母菌最多,热带假丝酵母菌次之;在分离的菌株中,标本来自ICU的占据比率较大(33.8%),并且感染白假丝酵母菌最多,其次为热带假丝酵母菌;6种抗真菌药物均具有较高敏感性,其中两性霉素B及制霉菌素敏感率达99%。结论真菌感染仍以白假丝酵母菌为主,真菌感染率明显升高,应合理应用抗生素,抗真菌药物的联合用药取得一定疗效。     

白假丝酵母菌耐药性及多药耐药基因CDR1和CDR2的表达

目的:探讨女性下生殖道白假丝酵母菌耐药性及多药耐药基因CDR1和CDR2的表达。方法:培养、分离女性下生殖道假丝酵母菌感染耐药菌株,进行菌种鉴定、药敏试验和耐药性分析,应用RT-PCR检测多药耐药基因CDR1和CDR2的表达。结果:272例培养阳性的菌株中白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌和克柔假丝酵母菌分别占79.8%、9.56%、8.10%和2.57%。217例白假丝酵母菌耐药菌株中特比耐芬耐药率最高,达94.93%,伊曲康唑和咪康唑的耐药率分别为15.21%和5.99%。RT-PCR显示白假丝酵母菌株耐药组CDR1和CDR2高表达。结论:女性下生殖道假丝酵母菌感染仍以白假丝酵母菌为主,非白假丝酵母菌感染呈上升趋势,白假丝酵母菌对常用抗真菌药物的耐药性呈上升趋势。白假丝酵母菌多药耐药基因CDR1和CDR2高表达,与临床白假丝酵母菌耐药密切相关。     

酵母菌引起深部感染的病原学特征

目的：了解近年来深部酵菌感染的病原学特征。方法：鉴定酵母菌的常规在CHROMagar念珠菌显色培养基，玉米－吐温80培养基及血清的接种，通过菌落，显色特征，芽管试验，厚膜孢子，假菌丝等形态学观察以及商品试剂盒包括API20C AUX和VITEK YBC生化卡鉴定菌种，血培养使用VITAL血培养检测仪。结果：1998年5月－2002年5月4年间从深部标本中共分离出酵母菌307株，其中念珠菌占94．79％，检出率前4位的菌种分别为：白色念珠菌（47．88％）、热带念珠菌（26．72％），光滑念珠菌（8．47％）、近平滑念珠菌（7．49％）。结论：白色念珠菌所占比例虽最高，但不同标本中各菌种所占比例有所不同。     

Susceptibilities of Candida species to amphotericin B and fluconazole: the emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibilities of Candida species isolated from Taiwan to amphotericin B and fluconazole. DESIGN: Prospective surveillance study. METHODS: Each hospital was asked to submit up to 10 C. albicans and 40 non-albicans Candida species during the collection period, from April 15 to June 15, 1999. One isolate was accepted from each episode of infection. The broth microdilution method was used to determine susceptibilities to amphotericin B and fluconazole. RESULTS: Only 3 of 632 isolates, one each of C. famata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis, were resistant to amphotericin B. A total of 53 (8.4%) of 632 clinical yeast isolates, consisting of 4% C. albicans, 8% C. glabrata, 15% C. tropicalis, and 70% C. krusei, were resistant to fluconazole. In contrast, no C. parapsilosis isolate was resistant to fluconazole. Isolates from tertiary-care medical centers had higher rates of resistance to fluconazole than did those from regional and local hospitals (11.4% vs 6.6%). Isolates from different sources showed different levels of susceptibility to fluconazole. All of the isolates with the exception of C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolated from blood were susceptible to fluconazole. A pattern of co-resistance to both amphotericin B and fluconazole was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Non-albicans Candida species had higher rates of resistance to fluconazole than did C. albicans (44 of 395 [11.2%] vs 9 of 237 [3.8%]; P = .002). The increasing rate of fluconazole resistance in C. tropicalis (15%) is important because C. tropicalis is one of the most commonly isolated non-albicans Candida species.     

侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌院内传播的分子机制研究

目的调查北京朝阳医院2000-2010年侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌感染的流行病学特点,研究侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌的遗传多样化和基因型分布,探讨其院内传播的分子机制。方法对82株侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌进行菌种收集统计;采用科玛嘉显色培养基(Chromagar)结合VITEK-2Compact YST卡进行菌种初筛鉴定;PCR扩增其CAI区微卫星序列;应用CAI区SSCP图谱和GeneScan相结合对侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌进行基因型的比较分析;药敏试验采用ATB FUNGUS 3系统和E-test对5种抗真菌药物进行MIC值测定。结果 2000-2010年朝阳医院血流感染病原菌共2320株,检出侵袭性假丝酵母菌148株,占6.4%,其中白色假丝酵母菌检出61株占41.22%,为假丝酵母菌属感染的首位;无菌体液病原菌4093株,检出侵袭性假丝酵母菌属253株,占6.2%,白色假丝酵母菌最多150株,占59.29%;临床独立来源的侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌82株,基于微卫星片段CAI区共有38种基因型;6例患者不同来源标本分离的白色假丝酵母菌基因型完全相同;侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌感染中ICU最高占52.44%,值得重视;侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌对5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑的敏感率均为100.00%;氟康唑为97.56%。结论白色假丝酵母菌仍然占侵袭性假丝酵母菌感染的首位,基因分型显示侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌呈多态性分布,发生侵袭的菌株基因型与定植的基因型有关。     

Photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by tri- and tetra-cationic porphyrin derivatives

The photodynamic action of 5-(4-trifluorophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin iodide (TFAP(3+)) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammonium phenyl)porphyrin p-tosylate (TMAP(4+)) has been studied in vitro on Candida albicans. The results of these cationic porphyrins were compared with those of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS(4-)), which characterizes an anionic sensitizer. In vitro investigations show that these cationic porphyrins are rapidly bound to C. albicans cells, reaching a value of approximately 1.4 nmol/10(6) cells, when the cellular suspensions were incubated with 5 microM sensitizer for 30 min. In contrast, TPPS(4-) is poorly uptaken by yeast cells. The fluorescence spectra of these sensitizers into the cells confirm this behaviour. The amount of porphyrin binds to cells is dependent on both sensitizer concentrations (1-5 microM) and cells densities (10(6)-10(8) cells/mL). Photosensitized inactivation of C. albicans cellular suspensions increases with sensitizer concentration, causing a approximately 5 log decrease of cell survival, when the cultures are treated with 5 microM of cationic porphyrin and irradiated for 30 min. However, the photocytotoxicity decreases with an increase in the cell density, according to its low binding to cells. Under these conditions, the photodynamic activity of TFAP(3+) is quite similar to that produced by TMAP(4+), whereas no important inactivation effect was found for TPPS(4)(-). The high photodynamic activity of cationic porphyrins was confirmed by growth delay experiments. Thus, C. albicans cell growth was not detected in the presence of 5 microM TFAP(3+). Photodynamic inactivation capacities of these sensitizers were also evaluated on C. albicans cells growing in colonies on agar surfaces. Cationic porphyrins produce a growth delay of C. albicans colonies and viability of cells was not observed after 3 h irradiation, indicating a complete inactivation of yeast cells. Therefore, these results indicate that these cationic porphyrins are interesting sensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of yeasts in liquid suspensions or in localized foci of infection.     

Immunoregulatory activity by daucosterol, a beta-sitosterol glycoside, induces protective Th1 immune response against disseminated Candidiasis in mice

In the present study, we investigated immunomodulatory effect of daucosterol, a beta-sitosterol glycoside, against disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. Results showed that direct interaction of daucosterol with C. albicans yeast cells resulted in no growth-inhibition by in vitro susceptibility analysis. In contrast, mice given daucosterol (DS) intraperitoneally before intravenous challenge with live C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than DS-untreated control mice against disseminated candidiasis (P<0.05). By assessment of the fungal CFU in kidneys, DS-treated mice before the challenge developed about 81% fewer kidney CFU than untreated controls. This protection was removable by pretreatment of mice with anti-CD4+ antibody before the DS-treatment and challenge with the yeast. However, the protection was transferable by the CD4+ T cells from DS-treated mice not infected with the yeast. ELISA analysis revealed there were predominant production of IFNgamma and IL-2 cytokines as compared to IL-4, and IL-10 productions in DS-treated mice. By treatment of DS-given mice with anti-mouse IFNgamma, the protection was also abolished. Our studies show that DS protects mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response.     

Rate of transmission and endogenous origin of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata on adult intensive care units studied by pulsed field gel electrophoresis

We determined the relative roles of endogenous origin and patient-to-patient transmission in Candida colonization of patients on adult intensive care units (ICU). A total of 48 Candida albicans and 18 Candida glabrata strains from various clinical samples of 28 long-term patients, hospitalized in two neurological ICUs between April and June 1999, were typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Three patients were co-colonized by both C. albicans and C. glabrata strains. Twenty-four C. albicans and 17 C. glabrata karyotypes were defined. The colonization was found to be polyclonal in six C. albicans and five C. glabrata patients. Twenty-six patients (93%) carried strains, which were not detected in other patients hospitalized at the same time, i.e. they were colonized by unique C. albicans and C. glabrata strains. Only two patients, who were hospitalized during the same period of time, although in different rooms of the same ICU, shared strains with an identical PFGE type, indicating possible patient-to-patient transmission. Patient-to-patient transmission of yeasts played a minor role on these ICUs.     

Limited effect of refined carbohydrate dietary supplementation on colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy subjects by Candida albicans.

BACKGROUND: Infections due to Candida albicans occur readily in situations in which ample glucose is available. In mice, dietary refined carbohydrate supplementation leads to higher rates of Candida growth in the gastrointestinal tract and favors mucosal invasion. OBJECTIVE: The modulating properties of dietary carbohydrate supplementation on colonization of the human gastrointestinal tract by C. albicans were evaluated. DESIGN: A 2-step study was conducted in 28 healthy volunteers. First, we determined the subjects' habitual uptake of refined carbohydrates and correlated these data with the C. albicans blastoconidia concentration in the mouth washes and feces of subjects with no intervention. Second, we compared C. albicans counts in the specimens before, during, and after a high-sugar diet. RESULTS: No correlation between C. albicans counts in the specimens and the habitual uptake of refined carbohydrates was observed. A high-sugar diet did not increase the frequency of C. albicans-positive samples, the number of subjects positive for C. albicans in the mouth washes, or the concentration of candidal blastoconidia in the samples of the 28 subjects. However, in selected subjects with elevated counts of oral C. albicans, we observed an increase in fecal C. albicans counts in response to the diet. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of adding a high amount of refined carbohydrates to the diet of healthy human subjects has a limited influence on Candida colonization. Follow-up studies should define whether selected patient groups might benefit from dietary restriction of refined carbohydrates.     

Prevalence of Candida albicans in stool of hospitalized children in 2003 with or without diarrhea from the Bialystok region

Candida species, predominantly Candida albicans strains, are part of the normal flora of gastrointestinal tract, but some authors suggest that faecal candida may cause diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of faecal Candida spp. isolates in 345 children with diarrhoea and 161 with other diseases, hospitalized in 2003. Overall 506 faecal specimens obtained before treatment and 98 after treatment of children for yeasts using routine culture method were examined. A total of 131 (101 before and 30 after treatment) strains isolated were identified as Candida albicans. Only 2 strains belonged to other species of Candida (C. parapsilosis and C. krusei). The sensitivity of Candida spp. strains to chemotherapeutic was also estimated. All strains of C. albicans were sensitive to nystatin. Incidence of faecal strains of C. albicans in children with acute diarrhoea (19,4%) and children with other disease (21,1%) was comparable (p>0,05). Candida albicans yeasts caused diarrhoea in small percent of studied children. Only in 2 (0,6%) children C. albicans as aetiological agent of diarrhoea was found. In 16 (16,3%) cases secondary fungal infections were acquired during hospitalization children (4 children with fungal diarrhoea). Resolution of diarrhoea caused by C. albicans in 6 children after treatment with nystatin was observed.     

住院患者假丝酵母菌属感染特点及耐药性分析

目的分析住院患者体内假丝酵母菌属感染的菌种分布特点及耐药性,为预防与控制假丝酵母菌属感染提供依据。方法采集2005年1月—2008年12月在某院住院合并感染患者的临床标本进行假丝酵母菌属的培养鉴定及药物敏感性试验。采用科码嘉显色培养基和API 20 CAUX酵母菌鉴定系统进行假丝酵母菌属的培养和鉴定,药敏试验用ATB FUNGUS3,根据美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)制定的标准进行结果判读。结果 4年间住院患者共检出假丝酵母菌属199株,其中白色假丝酵母菌检出率最高(120株),占60.3%;其次为热带假丝酵母菌(29株),占14.6%;光滑假丝酵母菌(25株),占12.6%。药敏结果显示,假丝酵母菌属对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、伏立康唑、氟康唑仍保持良好的敏感性,耐药率分别为2.0%,4.5%,10.1%,13.1%,对依曲康唑的耐药性较高,耐药率为23.6%。结论住院患者假丝酵母菌属感染以白色假丝酵母菌为主,假丝酵母菌属对抗真菌药物有不同程度的耐药,其中对依曲康唑耐药率最高,对两性霉素B耐药率最低,但其毒性较大。应加强对假丝酵母菌属感染的危险因素分析,合理使用抗菌药物,减少不必要的诊疗操作,预防与控制假丝酵母菌属的感染。     

Prophylactic vaccination with phage-displayed epitope of C. albicans elicits protective immune responses against systemic candidiasis in C57BL/6 mice

Epitope LKVIRK on 47 kDa of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 of Candida albicans, corresponding to residues 386-391 of the Hsp90, is recognized by patients recovering from invasive candidiasis. The efficacy of hybrid phage displaying epitope LKVIRK in the N-terminal region of the major coat protein (pVIII) in inducing anti-invasive candidiasis immune response was studied in C57BL/6 mice. Indirect phage-ELISA results demonstrated that the mice immunized with hybrid phage had significantly higher titers of epitope LKVIRK-specific serum IgG as compared to those immunized with heat-killed C. albicans (HK-CA). C57BL/6 mice immunized either with hybrid phage or with wild-type phage also developed significant levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and splenocyte proliferation, as well as with HK-CA. In addition, high levels of IFN-gamma in the CD4(+) splenocytes from phage-immunized mice were detected as well during 1 week post-inoculation. Furthermore, mice immunized with hybrid phage acquired a resistance to systemic C. albicans infection as confirmed by fewer C. albicans cells in the kidneys, and had a longer lifespan compared to control groups following intravenous challenge with C. albicans. These results indicate that hybrid phage displaying epitope LKVIRK may serve as a potential vaccine conferring a resistance to systemic candidiasis.     

医院内侵袭性假丝酵母菌感染的流行病学趋势及变迁

目的研究北京朝阳医院2000-2010年分离的侵袭性假丝酵母菌,了解医院侵袭性假丝酵母菌感染的流行病学趋势及变迁。方法对侵袭性假丝酵母菌进行菌种收集统计;采用科玛嘉显色培养基和VITEK-2Com-pact YST卡进行菌种初筛鉴定;用26SrDNA D1/D2区SSCP图谱分析进行精准分子鉴定;采用CAI区SSCP图谱和GeneScan相结合对侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌进行基因分型;药敏试验采用ATB FUNGUS 3系统和E-test对5种抗真菌药进行MIC值测定。结果 2000-2010年共检出血流感染病原菌2320株,其中假丝酵母菌属148株占6.4%;无菌体液标本4093株,其中假丝酵母菌属253株占6.2%;侵袭性假丝酵母菌感染中ICU最高,值得重视;临床独立来源的82株白色假丝酵母菌,基于微卫星片段CAI区共有38种基因型,基因型18-26(9.76%)、16-21(8.54%)、21-21(7.32%)、11-18(4.88%)、18-18(4.88%)、11-20(4.88%)、25-33(4.88%)分布占优势;6例患者不同部位分离的白色假丝酵母菌基因型完全相同;体外药物敏感率氟康唑为93.2%、伏立康唑为94.5%、两性霉素B为100.0%、卡泊芬净为100.0%、5-氟胞嘧啶为97.3%。结论侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌仍然是主要病原菌,但非白色假丝酵母菌感染有不同程度的上升趋势,基因分型显示侵袭性白色假丝酵母菌呈多态性分布,发生侵袭的菌株基因型与定植的基因型有关。     

Promiscuous T cell epitope prediction of Candida albicans secretory aspartyl protienase family of proteins.

Candida albicans is one of the most important opportunistic dimorphic fungi responsible for hospital acquired fungal infection in humans. Candida infection rarely occurs in healthy individuals but it is frequently associated with patients who suffer from acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. To date, there is no effective vaccine against this fungal infection. Herein we demonstrated the use of immunomics to characterize promiscuous T cell epitope of C. albicans virulence factors by utilizing CandiVF, a C. albicans database previously constructed to be equipped with protein sequence analysis tool, three dimensional structure visualization software, sequence variable analysis program and Hotspot Hunter epitope prediction tool. Secretory aspartyl proteinase (Sap) family was chosen as a model to validate the Hotspot Hunter prediction. Analysis of Saps1-10 protein entries from CandiVF database revealed that a consensus T cell epitope was located at the C-terminal region of Saps1-10. The result of the in silico prediction was subsequently validated by conventional immunological methods. By using overlapping peptides span the predicted consensus T cell epitopes of Saps1-10 as stimulators, it was demonstrated that peptides S6 and S7 could stimulate PBMC proliferation in 9 of 12 blood donors. Interestingly, S2, the predicted T cell epitope of Sap2, was able to induce proliferation of all donors' PBMC. ELISpot assay for the detection of gamma-interferon producing clones confirmed that the peptide S2 actually stimulated T cell proliferation. The results suggest that S2 might be a potential candidate for vaccine development against C. albicans infection or to be utilized as an adjuvant to stimulate the pre-existing CD4+ T cell in other vaccine development.     

1015株念珠菌感染的病原菌分类和药敏分析

目的了解医院念珠菌感染的病原菌分类及对氟康唑的敏感性. 方法采用微量稀释法和改良纸片法测定临床标本分离的各类念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感性. 结果共分离出1 015株念珠菌,其中白色念珠菌占49.4%,热带念珠菌占19.1%,克柔念珠菌占10.1%,光滑念珠菌占10.5%,其他念珠菌占10.9%;对氟康唑的耐药率白色念珠菌为1.6%、热带念珠菌为0%、克柔念珠菌为25%、光滑念珠菌为40%、其他念珠菌为8.4%. 结论念珠菌在临床标本中的分布已发生变化,白色念珠菌比例下降但还是最常见念珠菌感染的病原菌,非白色念珠菌比例有所上升,氟康唑对白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌有极好的抗菌活性,而对克柔念珠菌、光滑念珠菌的抗菌活性较差,临床经验用药应依据药敏结果合理选用.     

铜绿假单胞菌代谢产物体外对白假丝酵母菌等的抑菌活性研究

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌代谢产物对假丝酵母菌属的体外抑菌活性。方法用交叉条带实验方法测定铜绿假单胞菌对54株假丝酵母菌属的体外抑制活性。结果铜绿假单胞菌产生的抗菌物质对白假丝酵母菌及光滑假丝酵母菌的抑菌作用最强,抑菌带最宽。产蓝绿色素的第6株铜绿假单胞菌对白假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌的抑制率均达100%,产黄绿色素的第8株铜绿假单胞菌对白假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌和克柔假丝酵母菌的抑制率也均达100%,铜绿假单胞菌产色素菌株的抗真菌活性优于不产色素的菌株。结论铜绿假单胞菌产生的抗菌物质对白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌具有较强的抗真菌活性。