Antioedema and analgesic actions of Diodia scandens extract in rats and mice

An extract of Diodia scandens obtained by petroleum ether extraction of the leaves was screened for pharmacological actions. The extract evinced a marked antiinflammatory effect in rats, causing a dose-related and sustained inhibition of the increase in rat paw circumference caused by subplantar injection of a phlogistic agent. In addition, the extract increased the threshold of pain stimulus in mice. The extract significantly protected rats from aspirin, indomethacin and reserpine induced ulcers. These results revealed that the plant, Diodia scandens has potential medicinal value.     

Studies on the Antiulcer Activity of the Chloroform Fraction of Calotropis procera Root Extract

Calotropis procera has been widely used in the Indian traditional medicinal system for the treatment of a variety of disease conditions. Earlier studies in our laboratory revealed that the chloroform fraction of C. procera root extract possesses significant analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activity. Further studies also revealed that, unlike the NSAIDs, C. procera simultaneously possesses significant antiulcer activity. It is well established that the NSAIDs are potentially ulcerogenic and they exert their antiinflammatory activity following inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (owing to the blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway), thereby leading to overproduction of leukotrienes and other related products of arachidonic acid metabolism which in turn have potential ulcerogenic activity. We accordingly attempted to evaluate the antiulcer activity of C. procera using different in vivo ulcer models. The results of the present study revealed that C. procera significantly inhibited aspirin, reserpine, absolute alcohol and serotonin-induced gastric ulcerations in rats. The same also protected the gastric mucosa from aspirin-induced ulceration in pyloric-ligated rats and significant protection was observed in histamine-induced duodenal ulcers in guinea-pigs. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱法测定大车前子中车前子苷的含量

建立了一种测定中药大车前子中车前子苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 采用C18色谱柱,流动相为流莲为1.0 mL·min[-1]的甲醇-水-冰醋酸(40:60:0.5)。采用紫外检测苷在288 nm波长处进行检测。对采集的7个地区的车前子药材进行了含量测定。结论 各地大车前子中车前子苷含量变化较大。     

Evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Portulaca oleracea L. extracts in mice

Portulaca oleracea is commonly used in Iranian folk medicine. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were studied in mice for their ability to inhibit gastric lesions induced by HCl or absolute ethanol. In addition, their effects on gastric acid secretion were measured. Both extracts showed a dose-dependent reduction in severity of ulcers. The highest dose of extracts exerted similar activity to sucralfate. The oral and intraperitoneal administration of extracts reduced the gastric acidity in pylorus-ligated mice. These results suggest that Portulaca oleracea has gastroprotective action and validates its use in folk medicine for gastrointestinal diseases.     

珍珠口泰药膜抑菌、抗口腔溃疡作用及毒理学研究

珍珠口泰药膜能明显缩短电灼烧豚鼠口腔粘膜溃疡愈合时间,改善溃疡症状;轻度抑制甲型溶血性链球菌。毒理学实验显示,该药对口腔粘膜及皮肤给药均无毒?无刺激?无过敏反应,小鼠最大耐受量为4g·kg^-1·d^-1,是人临床用量的7272.73倍,未见毒性反应。     

石榴皮鞣质对实验性胃损伤的作用

目的:研究石榴皮鞣质对动物实验性胃损伤的影响.方法:应用大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡模型、大鼠乙醇诱导的胃黏膜损伤模型和小鼠水拘禁应激致胃溃疡模型,观察不同剂量的石榴皮鞣质ig给予对实验性胃损伤的防治作用,对胃黏膜中一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,对谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,对胃液、胃酸、胃黏液和胃蛋白酶分泌的影响.结果:石榴皮鞣质(500,150,50 mg·kg~(-1))ig给予呈剂量依赖性明显抑制水拘禁应激性小鼠胃溃疡及大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡的形成和无水乙醇致胃黏膜损伤的发生,阻遏无水乙醇引起的胃黏膜组织内NO水平下降和MDA生成增加,抑制胃黏膜GSH-PX和SOD活力降低和促进胃黏液的分泌,但对胃液分泌、游离酸度、总酸度和总酸排出量及胃蛋白酶活性无明显影响.结论:石榴皮鞣质对动物实验性胃溃疡具有良好的防治疗作用,这种作用可能与促进胃黏液分泌,维护黏膜屏障的完整性,进而减少自由基生成、降低抗脂质过氧化反应酶的消耗和调控NO水平有关.     

Antiulcerogenic activity of crude ethanol extract and some fractions obtained from aerial parts of Artemisia annua L.

The resulting enriched sesquiterpene lactone fraction and the crude ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. aerial parts, showed antiulcerogenic activity when administered orally, on the indomethacin induced ulcer in rats. The sesquiterpene lactone fraction yielded three different polarity fractions on column chromatography as follows: non-polar, medium polarity and polar fraction, When submitted to the same indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats they resulted in different levels of inhibition of the ulcerative lesion index. The participation of nitric oxide was evaluated on an ethanol-induced ulcer model which had a previous administration of L-NAME, a NO-synthase inhibitor. Under these conditions, the medium polarity fraction maintained the antiulcerogenic activity, suggesting that nitric oxide could not be involved in the antiulcerogenic activity. When the animal groups were treated with N-ethylmaleimide, an alkylator of sulphhydryl groups, using the same experimental model, the medium polarity fraction maintained its antiulcerogenic activity, suggesting that the pharmacological mechanism is not related to non-protein sulphydryl compounds. On the ethanol-induced ulcer with previous indomethacin treatment, the medium polarity fraction lost its antiulcerogenic activity indicating that the active compounds of Artemisia annua L. increase the prostaglandin levels in the gastric mucosa. This hypothesis was reinforced by an increase of adherent mucus production by the gastric mucosa, produced by the medium polarity fraction on the hypothermic restraint stress induced ulcer model.     

车前子与车前草利尿作用研究

目的观察车前子与车前草提取物的利尿作用。方法采用大鼠水负荷模型,分别用不同浓度的车前子和车前草乙醇提取物和水溶性成分给药,研究并比较其对大鼠排尿量和尿中Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-离子排泄量的影响。结果40g／kg和10g／kg剂量的车前子和车前草乙醇提取物均能增加大鼠排尿量和尿中Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-离子含量,相同浓度下车前子作用略强于车前草,但水提物则无利尿作用。结论车前子和车前草具有利尿作用,乙醇提取物为其利尿作用的有效部位,且车前子的利尿作用稍强于车前草。     

Studies on the effects of Pluchea indica less root extract on gastroduodenal ulcer models in rats and guineapigs

The methanolic fraction of P. indica root extract was found to possess significant antiulcer activity in different experimental animal models. In preventive antiulcer tests, significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions were observed in experimental rats. The extract also afforded significant protection to chemically-induced duodenal lesion in guineapigs. Significant enhancement of healing process in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric lesions were also observed in the extract-treated animals.     

高效液相色谱法测定车前中桃叶珊瑚甙的含量

分别测定了不同品种车前中桃叶珊瑚甙的含量。流动相为甲醇-水(17∶83)。方法重现性和回收率较好,为车前研究提供了有效的方法。     

珍珠口泰药膜抑菌、抗口腔溃疡作用及毒理学研究

珍珠口泰药膜能明显缩短电灼烧豚鼠口腔粘膜溃疡愈合时间，改善溃疡症状；轻度抑制甲型溶血性链球菌。毒理学实验显示，该药对口腔粘膜及皮肤给药均无毒、无刺激、无过敏反应，小鼠最大耐受量为４ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，是人临床用量的７２７２．７３倍，未见毒性反应。     

Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats

The methanol fraction of M. oleifera leaf extract was found to possess significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin induced gastric lesions in experimental rats. A significant enhancement of the healing process in acetic acid—induced chronic gastric lesions was also observed with the extract-treated animals.     

Pterocarpus santalinus: a traditional herbal drug as a protectant against ibuprofen induced gastric ulcers

The ethanol extract of Pterocarpus santalinus (PS) was evaluated for gastroprotection in rats using ibuprofen as the induction model. Rats treated with PS (100-400 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in gastric lesions. PS at a dose of 200 mg/kg was found to be the minimum effective dose and hence further studies with that dose were carried out. PS treatment increased the LDH activity and decreased the lipid peroxidation levels. The extract had the ability to increase the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx when compared with the untreated but induced rats. The membrane bound ATPases - H(+)K(+)ATPase, Na(+)K(+)ATPase and Ca(2+)ATPases were increased upon the induction with ulcerogen. The treated group showed a decrease in the activities of these enzymes and also had the ability to restore the sodium and potassium ion concentrations to near normal levels, which were altered by ibuprofen mediated acid stimulation. The results suggest that the antiulcer properties of PS could traced to its acid inhibiting potential, antioxidant activity and the ability to maintain functional integrity of the cell membranes.     

The antiulcer activity of Garcinia cambogia extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Garcinia cambogia extract is a herbal preparation that has been suggested as useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study this drug was tested for its antiulcerogenic effect. Oral pretreatment with Garcinia cambogia fruit extract (1 g/kg body wt/day) for 5, 10 or 15 days protected the gastric mucosa against the damage induced by indomethacin (20 mg/kg body wt). The volume and acidity of the gastric juice decreased in the pretreated rats. The glycoprotein levels of the gastric contents which were decreased in the untreated rats, maintained near normal levels in the pretreated rats. Protein which was elevated in the gastric juice of untreated rats, showed near normal levels in the pretreated rats. Garcinia cambogia was able to decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defence in the gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.     

Investigations of the cytoprotective effect of the gut stimulating principle of Croton penduliflorus hutch. Seed oil in rats

Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was used to induce gastric and duodenal ulcers of varying severity (scored as 1–9) in albino rats. Croton penduliflorus seed oil crystals (CP crystals) were administered to groups of rats at varying doses (6, 12, and 18mg/kg, p.o.). The ulcers observed in groups treated with indomethacin and CP crystals consisted mainly of the hyperemic conditions with one or two lesions (scored as 1–3) and medium sized lesions of moderate depth (scored as 4–6). Severe lesions with large diameter and depth (scored as 7–9 severity) observed in the control group treated with indomethacin only were absent in indomethacin and CP crystals treated groups. CP crystals offered significant (p < 0.05) protection against gastric ulcers when given at 12 mg/kg and against duodenal ulcers when given at 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The maximum cytoprotection against duodenal ulcers was observed in rats treated with 18 mg/kg of CP crystals.     

Antiinflammatory and antiulcer properties of tannins from Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) in rodents

Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão is a plant utilized in Northeast Brazil as an antiinflammatory, wound healing and in gynecological illnesses. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antiulcer properties of the tannin‐enriched fraction (TEF) isolated from the stem bark of M. urundeuva, in the formalin test, in mice, and in carrageenan‐induced paw edema and gastric ulcer models, in rats. The results showed that TEF dose‐dependently inhibited both phases of the formalin test. However, the effect was predominant in the 2nd phase of the response where inhibitions of 47%, 76% and 85% were observed, with doses of 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p. In the carrageenan‐induced paw edema, significant inhibitions were observed at 3 h (44%) and 4 h (28%), with a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p. TEF also significantly decreased by 37%, 43% and 57% gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin, at doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg p.o. In the ethanol‐induced gastric ulcer model, TEF was less effective, and significant inhibitions (42% to 46%) were observed only with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. In conclusion, it was shown that TEF presents antiinflammatory and antiulcer effects, partly due to its antioxidant action, known to be present in polyphenols, including tannins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quercetin and naringenin; effects on ulcer formation and gastric secretion in rats

The antiulcerogenic effect of two flavonoids, quercetin and naringenin, in acute gastric ulcer (cold-restraint and pylorus-ligated) has been investigated. In both models quercetin and naringenin presented a significant decrease in ulcer index with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, in the Shay-ligated method no decrease in either volume, acidity or pepsin were observed, however, a significant difference was found in histamine secretion values.     

Assessment of the Antiulcer Potential of Moringa oleifera Root-Bark Extract in Rats

In the present study, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) was examined for its antiulcer potential in albino Wistar rats using two experimental models: ethanol-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulceration. The extract was orally administered at three different doses (150, 350, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. The antiulcer effects in rats treated with different doses of the extract and omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) were determined and compared statistically with the antiulcer effects in the control rats treated with saline (NaCl, 0.9%). The MO at doses of 350 and 500 mg/kg decreased the ulcer index significantly as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The percentage protections against gastric ulcers were 82.58%, 85.13%, and 86.15% for MO doses of 150, 350, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, in the pylorus-ligated ulcer model and 55.75%, 59.33%, and 78.51%, respectively, in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The MO significantly reduced the free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index (p < 0.01) and increased the pH of gastric content compared with the control group. This study suggests that MO possesses valuable antiulcer, antisecretory, and cytoprotective activity. Thus, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera can be used as source for an antiulcer drug.     

The acetone soluble fraction from bark extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) coville inhibits gastric acid secretion and experimental gastric ulceration in rats

The acetone soluble fraction from a crude methanol extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens stem bark (AFSAB) was evaluated in acute (ethanol, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint-stress) and chronic (acetic acid) models of gastric ulceration and on basal and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats. Rats pretreated orally with AFSAB at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg showed significant decreases of gastric lesion scores in ethanol (62% and 98%) and hypothermic restraint-stress (89% and 88%) models but exerted no significant influence on indomethacin-induced acute or acetic acid-induced chronic ulceration. In pylorus-ligated rats, AFSAB significantly decreased the basal as well as bethanechol-stimulated gastric secretory volume and the total acidity with an elevated pH value. AFSAB failed to modify the gastric mucus and the gastric wall nonprotein-sulphydryl content. These results point to a possible antisecretory effect of AFSAB which account for the observed antiulcer activity in ethanol and hypothermic restraint-stress induced models of acute gastric ulceration.     

Evaluation of Baccharis trimera and Davilla rugosa in tests for adaptogen activity

Baccharis trimera (Asteraceae) and Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae) are used popularly as tonics, aphrodisiacs and for stomach ailments, among other uses. Hydroalcohol extracts of the aerial parts of both plants were investigated with regard to their chemical constitution and their pharmacological activity in tests that evaluate adaptogen activity. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols/tannins and coumarins were identified in both extracts, while lignans were found only in the extract of Davilla rugosa. This extract presented also a marked antioxidant activity and exerted a moderate antiulcer effect in rats submitted to cold immobilization stress. It did not, however, inhibit the increase in the levels of ACTH and corticosterone induced by stress. Moreover, the Davilla rugosa did not improve the physical performance of mice submitted to forced exercise and the learning time of old rats in the T-maze, neither did it reduce the blood viscosity of the old animals. Conversely, the Baccharis trimera extract only presented a moderate antioxidant activity, without any positive effect on the other tests. These results point to the absence of an adaptogen activity of Baccharis trimera, with some effects that could be related to such an activity as regards the Davilla rugosa.