水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层的体内及体外实 …

目的：对水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层材料的细胞相容性及动物体内植入体与骨界面的状况进行研究。方法：水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石涂层,采用细胞培养和动物实验评估涂层材料的生物相容性。结果：成骨细胞在涂层材料表面具有良好的细胞增殖率,碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐增加。植入动物体内１月后即有骨组织与涂层材料结合,３月后骨结合量增加。涂层材料在体风稳定,未见溶解脱落。结论：水热合成法制备的羟基磷灰石生物涂层材料具有     

磷灰石骨水泥材料的生物学性能评价

本研究对自行研制的磷灰石骨水泥材料按生物学性能测试标准进行了细胞毒性、热原、急性全身毒性和溶血试验，以及动物体内种植试验。试验结果表明：磷灰石骨水泥材料具有良好的生物相容性，能与骨组织形成紧密结合，材料可逐渐为新骨组织置换。显示了磷灰石骨水泥作为新型医用骨水泥材料应用的良好前景。     

三种新型植入材料的细胞毒性研究

羟基磷灰石及纯钛作为种植材料已广泛应用于临床,近年来,文献报道纯钛表面作氧化或氮化处理可提高其生物相容性,国内文献报告羟基磷灰石与骨水泥掺和使用可以增加羟基磷灰石的韧性,同时骨水泥可解决羟基磷灰石难以塑形的问题,本文通过细胞生长抑制试验和细胞毒性试验对羟基磷灰石——骨水泥复合材料,氧化钛,氮化钛三种材料的生物相容性作了初步评价,为临床应用提供生物学方面的依据.     

羟基磷灰石涂层种植体失败的主要原因及其处理方法

羟基磷灰石是目前公认的具有良好生物相容性和骨传导性的生物活性材料。羟基磷灰石涂层种植体已广泛应用于临床，并取得了良好效果，本将羧基磷灰作层种植体与纯钛种植体进行了比较。指出由于羟基磷灰石自身的缺陷及喷涂过程对羟基磷灰石特性的影响，均会导致种植后的细菌感染，He创伤，涂层溶解，涂层剥脱等，改进的措施包括彻底清理病变部位，制作生长因子／羟基磷灰石复合涂层及改进喷涂工艺等。     

多孔NiTi合金种植材料的细胞毒性实验研究

目的:检验多孔NiTi合金与灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料的生物相容性,为进一步进行动物实验及临床应用提供实验依据。方法:通过细胞毒性实验(MTT法),评价多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料的生物安全性。结果:MTT实验显示L929细胞在多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料浸提液中生长良好,细胞毒性为0级。结论:多孔NiTi合金与灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料具有良好的生物安全性。     

生物陶瓷骨种植及其与骨组织结合机理的探讨

一种新型的磷灰石类生物陶瓷锶磷灰石植入动物体内骨后，采用扫描电镜、能量散射电子探针和Ｘ线能谱等先进的分析学、组织学方法对植入材料与骨组织界面作早期观察，并探讨了该材料与骨组织结合的机理。实验结果表明锶磷灰石骨种植早期就发生Ｓｒ元素的迁移，它与骨结合的机理是由于早期的表面降解作用促进了骨重建。其研究结果提示了锶磷灰石陶瓷是具有良好生物相容性和表面活性的骨组织替代材料。     

灌注羟基磷灰石的多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料的研究

目的检验灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料的生物相容性。方法分别通过溶血试验、细胞毒性试验(MTT法),评价灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金材料的生物安全性。结果灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金材料无溶血现象,不影响凝血功能;MTT试验显示L929细胞在灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金牙种植材料浸提液中生长良好,细胞毒性为0级。结论灌注羟基磷灰石多孔NiTi合金材料具有良好的生物安全性。     

高强度生物活性人造齿根的复合制备

采用爆炸喷涂与等离子喷涂两种工艺复合制备羟基磷灰石生物活性梯度涂层人造齿根。基体为Ti-6A1-4V,具有优良的综合力学性能及生物相容性;涂层厚度为100～150t-tm,主要成分为羟基磷灰石。涂层的底层和中间层采用爆炸喷涂工艺制备,结合强度高,结构致密,孔隙率小于2％,无连通孔隙,可防止生物液体沿连通孔隙渗透至基体界面,造成界面腐蚀及涂层脱落。涂层的表面层采用等离子喷涂工艺制备,可在致密中间层的基础上获得孔隙率为20～30％、厚度为40/~m左右的多孔结构表面层,具有极好的生物活性,有利于生体组织的长入及材料与生体组织的生物结合。经X—射线物相分析,证实涂层的主晶相为羟基磷灰石;对喷涂后的涂层材料进行适当后处理可使喷涂过程中失掉的羟基恢复。对涂层横截面进行SEM显微结构形貌观察,发现涂层具有从基体处的致密结构至涂层表面疏松结构的梯度分布。这种结构有利于涂层与基体结合强度的提高及涂层与基体组织的生物结合。该材料涂层结合强度可达50～60MPa,高于国内外同类材料性能指标。     

碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架及其细胞因子复合物修复鼠胫骨缺损的实验研究

目的:通过动物实验检测碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架材料(carbonated hydroxyapatite,CAP)的骨传导性和生物吸收性。并探讨骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)、重组人巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhM-CSF)对CAP成骨特性和生物吸收的影响。方法:选取45只雄性SD大鼠,制备双侧胫骨临界性骨缺损模型,以复合骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)的碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架材料、复合重组人巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhM-CSF)的碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架材料、单纯的碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架材料作为实验组,羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)作为对照组,植入大鼠胫骨缺损处,并设立空白对照组。术后2、4和8周,通过组织学观察对比新骨形成和材料吸收降解情况。结果:实验组和对照组材料均能完全充填骨缺损,材料界面与骨组织结合紧密,显示了良好的生物相容性和成骨性能。随着植入时间的延长,实验组材料可逐渐降解并被新生骨爬行替代,而对照组未见显著降解和新生骨替代。rhM-CSF能够促进碳酸化羟基磷灰石材料的降解,与CAP组、CAP/rhBMP-2复合物组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:CAP具有出色的骨传导性和生物吸收性,是一种良好的骨再生移植物。且该支架材料的成骨性和生物降解能够被成骨及破骨细胞因子所调控。     

Interpore 500R复合人骨髓基质干细胞构建组织工程骨

目的：研究可吸收性珊瑚羟基磷灰石（Interpore 500R）作为骨组织工程支架材料的特点。方法：取人骨髓基质干细胞于含100ml/L胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养，并向成骨细胞诱导。将细胞与可吸收性珊瑚羟基磷灰石复合，通过扫描电镜观察细胞附着情况，共聚焦显微镜观察I型胶原的分泌。同时将细胞/Interpore500R复合物植入裸鼠体内构建骨组织。40d后取裸鼠标本组织切片、HE染色观察成骨情况。结果：骨髓基质干细胞在可吸收性羟基磷灰石表面附着良好，可分泌I型胶原，在裸鼠体内形成组织工程骨。结论：可吸收性羟基磷灰石生物相容性好，细胞附着后仍继续保持成骨细胞特性，并可形成骨组织。作为骨组织工程的支架材料，应用前景良好。     

Hydroxyapatite coating for titanium fibre mesh scaffold enhances osteoblast activity and bone tissue formation

This study investigated the bone regeneration properties of titanium fibre mesh as a tissue engineering material. A thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the titanium fibre web was created using the developed molecular precursor method without losing the complex interior structure. HA-coated titanium fibre mesh showed apatite crystal formation in vitro in a human osteoblast culture. Titanium fibre mesh discs with or without a thin HA coating were implanted into rat cranial bone defects, and the animals were killed at 2 and 4 weeks. The in vivo experience revealed that the amount of newly formed bone was significantly higher in the HA-coated titanium fibre mesh than in the non-coated titanium fibre mesh 2 weeks after implantation. These results suggest that thin HA coating enhances osteoblast activity and bone regeneration in the titanium fibre mesh scaffold. Thin HA-coating improved the ability of titanium fibre mesh to act as a bone regeneration scaffold.     

Corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of a new porous surface for titanium implants

Alterations of the commercially pure titanium (cpTi) surface may be undertaken to improve its biological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of cpTi when submitted to a new, porous titanium, surface treatment (porous Ti). Five types of surface treatments, namely sintered microspheres porous titanium (porous Ti), titanium plasma spray (TPS), hydroxyapatite (HA), sandblasted and acid etched (SBAE), and resorbable blast medium, sandblasted with hydroxyapatite (RBM) were made. In the experimental methods, the corrosion potentials were measured over time, and then a linear sweep voltammetric analysis measured the polarization resistances and corrosion currents. For biocompatibility evaluation, MG63 osteoblast-like cells were used. Cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated after 2 h, and after 2, 4 and 7 d. Porous Ti and SBAE showed a better corrosion resistance, with a weak corrosion current and a high polarization resistance, than the other surfaces. Cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, and ALP synthesis were influenced by the surface treatments, with a significant increase observed of the activity of osteoblast cells on the porous coating (porous Ti). Based on these results, it is suggested that the porous Ti surface has a significantly better biocompatibility than the other surface treatments and an excellent electrochemical performance.     

纯钛表面负载聚多巴胺–黄芩苷复合涂层的制备及生物学评价

目的 研究纯钛表面负载聚多巴胺-黄芩苷复合涂层的理化性能和对细胞生物学特性的影响。方法 通过共沉积法在纯钛表面负载聚多巴胺-黄芩苷复合涂层。将钛片分为纯钛组、黄芩苷组、聚多巴胺组及聚多巴胺-黄芩苷组（实验组）。分析各组钛片表面形貌、元素分布。在各组钛片表面接种培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）,检测细胞增殖情况,初步探究聚多巴胺-黄芩苷复合涂层对细胞成骨分化的影响。结果 通过共沉积法在纯钛表面负载聚多巴胺-黄芩苷复合涂层,亲水性增强,细胞增殖粘附良好;培养7 d、14 d时实验组碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 通过共沉积法在纯钛表面制备的聚多巴胺-黄芩苷复合涂层,具有良好的生物相容性,初步证明其能促进BMSCs的成骨向分化。     

选择性激光烧结多孔钛种植体及其性能研究

目的 分析选择性激光烧结（SLS）多孔钛种植体的机械性能及生物相容性,探讨其与壳聚糖（CS）/羟磷灰石（HA）复合涂层结合后的促骨结合作用。方法 制备Ti6Al4V试件,部分试件表面进行CS/HA涂层处理;对试件进行扫描电子显微镜观察和机械性能检测;体外培养MC3T3-E1细胞,进行活/死细胞染色、甲基噻唑基四唑（MTT）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平检测;将柱状螺纹种植体植入兔股骨髁部,分析其体内生物学性能。结果 试件准弹性梯度随孔隙率增大而减小,孔隙率为30%时与皮质骨接近,70%时与松质骨接近;试件具有良好的生物相容性。复合CS/HA涂层后可促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、分化,有利于骨组织长入孔隙,形成良好的骨结合。结论 多孔钛种植体具有良好的机械性能和生物相容性,与CS/HA涂层结合后具有骨诱导性,利于形成稳定的骨结合。     

表面经喷砂和酸蚀及羟基磷灰石涂层的TA2纯钛种植体对富血小板血浆体外骨诱导能力的影响

目的以表面经喷砂和酸蚀(SLA)及羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层双重处理的TA2纯钛种植体(HA/SLA-TA2)为支架材料,探讨其对富血小板血浆(PRP)体外诱导骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)向成骨细胞分化能力的影响。方法PRP分别作用于常规培养的BMSCs(对照组)和与HA/SLA-TA2联合培养的BMSCs(实验组),通过扫描电镜观察BMSCs在HA/SLA-TA2表面的生长情况,并对两组细胞的增殖指数、碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素含量进行比较。结果实验组细胞生长状态良好,具有成骨细胞特点,其细胞增殖指数于联合培养第5天起明显高于对照组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶活性以及骨钙素含量分别于联合培养第9、13天起明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论HA/SLA-TA2是种植体表面骨组织工程较理想的支架材料,BMSCs与HA/SLA-TA2联合培养后,可增强PRP诱导其向成骨细胞分化的能力。     

In vitro biocompatibility of a new titanium-29niobium-13tantalum-4.6zirconium alloy with osteoblast-like MG63 cells

BACKGROUND: Titanium-29niobium-13tantalum-4.6zirconium (TiNb) has recently been developed as a new implant material. TiNb is composed of non-toxic elements and has a lower modulus of elasticity than the other titanium alloys. However, its biocompatibility has not been adequately characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiNb using an osteoblast-titanium co-culture system. METHODS: MG63 cells were cultured on three kinds of titanium disks: TiNb, pure titanium (pTi), and titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (TiAl), prepared with two different surfaces, a polished and acid-etched surface and a machined-grooved surface. The surface topography and roughness were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 48 hours culture, the number of proliferating cells and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the culture supernatant were determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in surface roughness among the three titanium disks with a polished and acid-etched surface. After 48 hours of culture, the number of cells was significantly reduced on pTi and TiAl compared to TiNb and the control. PGE2 production was significantly higher on pTi than on TiAl, TiNb, and the control. We further examined the effect of surface roughness on PGE2 production using machine-grooved titanium disks. While pTi and TiAl stimulated the production of PGE2 depending on surface roughness, roughened TiNb did not affect PGE2 production. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TiNb may exhibit favorable biocompatibility because it has an efficient surface topography for cell proliferation, and the level of PGE2 production does not depend on surface roughness. We conclude that TiNb may be useful as an implant material.     

Functionally gradient bonelike hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium metal substrate created by a discharging method in HBSS without organic molecules

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the quality of coatings on titanium surfaces prepared by discharging in Hanks' balanced salt solution without organic molecules (HBSS-). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 x 10 x 1.0-mm titanium plates were used as cathodes of a coating device developed in the laboratory and immersed in HBSS-. A piece of platinum foil was used as a counterelectrode. Discharging was maintained at 1 A and 10 V (416 mA/cm2) for periods of 90, 270, and 540 seconds. Crystal phases of the coatings were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the surface characterization and Ca/P atomic ratio of the titanium surfaces were determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the surface topography, the thickness of the coatings, and the bonds between coatings and titanium substrates were observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The FTIR and XRD studies demonstrated that the deposits on the titanium after 540 seconds of discharging were crystalline hydroxyapatite. In addition, the thickness of the titanium suboxide layer increased during discharging. The XPS studies indicated that after 540 seconds of processing, the mean Ca/P ratio of the coatings on the titanium was 1.71, which is similar to that of human bone. DISCUSSION: In addition, the replacement of sodium ions with calcium ions seemed important for the promotion of crystallization of the coating. Furthermore, the XPS studies demonstrated that the coatings had a gradient function. Scanning electron microscopy showed that adhesion between coatings and the titanium substrate was close. The coatings were approximately 1 microm thick. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a very thin crystalline bonelike hydroxyapatite coating with a gradient function could be prepared on a titanium metal substrate in HBSS- by a discharging method.     

应用IBAD方法制备纯钛表面多孔TCP／HA涂层材料的微观分析

目的:为了改善钛种植体的生物相容性,对纯钛表面沉积多孔磷酸三钙/羟基磷灰石(Tricalciumphosphate/hydroxyapatite,TCP/HA)复合涂层材料的表面结构和化学成分进行分析,并与沉积羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HA)的钛表面进行对比。方法:用离子束辅助沉积方法(Ionbeamassisteddeposition,IBAD)在纯钛表面沉积HA和TCP/HA涂层材料,通过扫描电镜(Scanningelectronmicroscope,SEM)、原子力显微镜(Atomicforcemicroscopy,AFM)、X射线能谱分析(EnergydispersiveX-rayanalysis,EDX)以及X射线衍射(X-raydiffraction,XRD)技术,检测两种涂层材料表面的微观形态和化学成分,并进行比较。结果:SEM和AFM显示TCP/HA涂层材料表面存在多孔结构,表面化学成分分析显示TCP/HA涂层的钙磷比低于HA,XRD证实TCP/HA涂层内同时存在TCP和HA两种化合物。结论:用IBAD方法在纯钛表面成功地沉积了具有多孔结构的TCP/HA复合涂层材料,该涂层材料和基体材料的结合牢固,改善了基体材料的生物相容性,是一种有应用前景的种植体表面涂层材料。     

Development and evaluation of a new surface treatment method for titanium alloy implants

We developed and evaluated a new method of titanium surface treatment for direct bone fixation of implants. This method consists of hydroxyapatite (HA) flame coating onto a porous titanium surface which is arc-sprayed with pure titanium material in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The surface roughness of the porous layer was 360 microm, Rmax, and showed higher resistance to blast erosion in comparison with the conventional low-pressure plasma-sprayed porous layers of titanium. The thickness of the HA layer was between 20 and 40 microm considering the balance of bone conduction effect of HA and the possibility of mechanical detachment of the layers from the porous titanium. Short-term animal tests showed excellent results. This new surface treatment method was applied to cementless total hip joints which were used clinically. The results obtained from observations of the retrieved specimens show that the thickness of the HA coating layer is sufficient for the new bone formation after implantation. It was concluded that the new surface treatment method for titanium alloy implants is effective and successful for direct bone fixation.     

放疗对纯钛种植体周围骨组织影响的形态学研究

目的 探讨放疗对纯钛种植体周围骨组织的影响。方法 本实验通过兔胫骨骨内植入纯钛植入体与不锈钢植入体建立植入体骨整合的动物模型，并在此基础上进行放疗，标本在光镜和扫描电镜下观察。结果 放疗对纯钛种植体周围骨质影响甚小，而对不锈钢种植体周围骨质影响较大。结论 钛金属具有良好的生物相容性，理化性能好，密度低、放射引发的二次射线损伤小。