冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的形态学特点分析

目的:分析国人冠状动脉侧支循环的形态学特点。方法:将265例冠心病病人的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析,按Levin的方法进行分类,并与之比较。结果:不同狭窄程度两组间侧支循环开放率差别有高度统计学意义(X2=14.43,P<0.001)。三支血管间侧支循环开放率差别均有统计学意义(X2=3.96,X2=4.28,P<0.05)。东、西方组冠状动脉各支病变的侧支分布的比较差别有高度统计学意义(右冠状动脉X2=9.68,P<0.01;左冠状动脉X2=41.73,P<0.001;左冠状动脉旋支X2=8.54,P<0.01。结论:冠状动脉侧支循环的形成与冠状动脉狭窄程度及病变血管有关。中国人的冠状动脉侧支循环具有独特性。     

冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌再灌注损伤与冠状动脉侧支循环关系的探讨

目的 :探讨冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)前后血丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)及左心室功能的变化及其与冠状动脉侧支循环的关系。方法 :选择接受PCI的 75例冠心病患者 ,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为无侧支循环组 (4 4例 )和侧支循环组 (31例 ) ,在术前及术后分别测定静脉血MDA、SOD水平 ,用超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)及Tei指数。结果 :两组术后 2h静脉血MDA升高、SOD降低 (均P <0 .0 1) ,术后 2 4h无侧支循环组MDA回降、SOD上升 ,与术前比较仍有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;两组间PCI后MDA、SOD及Tei指数有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :冠状动脉侧支循环能减轻冠心病患者PCI治疗后的心肌再灌注损伤。     

Coronary artery fistulae without adudible murmur in adults

Retrospective analysis of 4886 adults undergoing coronary arteriography for evaluation of angina between October 1988 and December 1991, revealed coronary artery fistulae in eight patients (all men, aged 36–69 years). No murmur was audible in any of these eight patients. Associated significant coronary artery disease was detected in five patients. The feeder arteries to the fistula were both the left main coronary artery and the left anterior desending artery (LAD) in two, the LAD in six, and the right coronary artery in two patients. The fistula terminated in the pulmonary artery in seven patients and in the right atrium in one patient. Successful operative treatment (coronary artery bypass grafting and ligation of the fistula) was undertaken in four patients with severe obstructive coronary artery disease with satisfactory results. Follow-up for up to 2 years of the three patients with coronary artery fistula and no associated coronary artery disease who did not undergo surgery revealed continuing good prognosis. We conclude that coronary artery fistula in adults is a distinct, though rare (incidence in present series 0.11%) entity, without audible murmur, commonly associated with coronary artery obstructive disease, and that the diagnosis is mostly incidental during routine coronary arteriography.     

双源CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅情况

目的探讨双源 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅状况的诊断价值.资料与方法38例患者于冠状动脉搭桥术后行双源 CT 冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影检查,以冠状动脉造影作为“金标准”,对双源 CT 冠状动脉成像结果进行分析.结果38例患者共检出桥血管92支,其中内乳动脉桥31支,大隐静脉桥61支;31支内乳动脉桥中,26支(83.9%)桥血管通畅,5支(16.1%)管腔狭窄、闭塞;61支大隐静脉桥血管中35支(57.4%)桥血管通畅;26支(42.6%)管腔狭窄、闭塞.大隐静脉桥血管狭窄、闭塞的发生率明显高于内乳动脉桥血管(P<0.05).双源 CT 冠状动脉成像评价桥血管狭窄、闭塞的敏感性为93.9%,特异性为100.0%.结论双源 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅状况的评价有较高的诊断价值,是一种快速、无创、准确、安全的检查方法.     

冠心病的电影摄影诊断：附23例报告

本文分析２３例冠心病患者的电影摄影所见，着重分析室壁瘤形成与冠状动脉狭窄的程度，部位，数目，仙支血管形成和临床病性等因素的关系，此外，对冠心病中继发二尖瓣返流的成因和机理进行了探讨。讨论中提出以下三点：（１）室壁瘤的发生与冠状动脉主要分支的严重狭窄关系最密切；（２）侧支循环能防止心肌梗塞范围扩大及室壁瘤形成；（３）二尖瓣返流与主要冠状动脉病变的狭窄程序及室壁瘤的存在有关，并对影响侧支循环显示的因素     

25例冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的外科治疗

目的：回顾性研究2000－05－2001－07我院25例行冠脉旁路移植手术病人的治疗效果。结果：术后22例患者心绞痛症状完全消失，1例冠状动脉弥漫性病变的患者仅偶尔需服用小剂量硝酸甘油制剂，症状即可明显改善，1例术后3例死于严重的感染，1例术中死于严重的鱼精蛋白过敏。结论：药物及介入治疗无效的冠心病病人采用冠状动脉旁路移植术是有效的方法。     

冠心病的电影摄影诊断（附23例分析）

本文分析２３例冠心病患者的电影摄影所见，着重分析室壁瘤形成与冠状动脉狭窄的程度、部位、数目、侧支血管形成和临床病情等因素的关系。此外，对冠心病中继发二尖瓣返流的成因和机制进行了探讨。讨论中提出以下几点：（１）室壁瘤的发生与冠状动脉主要分支的严重狭窄关系最密切；（２）侧支循环能防止心肌梗塞范围扩大及室壁瘤形成；（３）二尖瓣返流与主要冠状动脉病变的狭窄程度及室壁瘤的存在有关。并对影响侧支循环显示的因素进行了探讨。     

电子束CT血管造影对冠状动脉疾病的诊断与随访

目的评价电子束CT血管造影(EBA)及其三维血管成像技术对冠状动脉疾病的诊断与随访价值. 资料与方法 87例经EBA检查的患者,其中支架置入术后随访16例,搭桥术后随访9例.除9例搭桥患者外,其余78例均有冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果证实. 结果 EBA可评价的冠状动脉中,对左主干和前降支的诊断敏感性、特异性最高,尤其是近段,其次为右冠,对回旋支的诊断敏感性和特异性则较低;16例支架置入术后患者共放置支架47枚,EBA准确定位45枚(95.7%),对支架内开通诊断的符合率为74.5%;9例冠状动脉搭桥术后的患者,共搭建冠状动脉桥血管27支,EBA对桥血管开通与否诊断的符合率为81.5%. 结论 EBA对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断具有较高的术前筛选价值,对术后的随访也有较大的潜力,是一项很有优势的无创性冠心病检查方法.     

N末端脑钠肽前体对冠脉搭桥术后情况预测作用

目的探讨N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平对冠脉搭桥术术后并发症的预测作用及其预测精确程度。方法选择哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院自2012年6月至2013年3月行冠脉搭桥术的40例患者为研究对象。于手术当天诱导麻醉前,测量40例行孤立冠脉搭桥术患者的术前血浆NT-pro BNP水平,探讨其与冠脉搭桥术后早期死亡(出院前或出院后30 d内)、引流过多(引流量>850 ml)、输血(新鲜冰冻血浆、浓缩红细胞悬液、冷沉淀凝血因子、去白细胞血小板等)、呼吸衰竭、机械通气时间延长(通气时间>12 h)、心房颤动、心衰综合征、使用主动脉内球囊反搏或者变力性药物支持血流动力学改变、谵妄、急性肾衰或内脏缺血发生情况的相关性。结果纳入研究的冠心病患者术前平均NT-pro BNP血浆水平为380.6 ng/L(92~3 496 ng/L)。心肺转流平均时间157 min(82~213 min),主动脉夹闭平均时间106 min(53~160 min)。术前NT-pro BNP血浆水平可精确诊断(ROC曲线下面积>0.8)机械通气时间延长、呼吸功能衰竭、变力性药物(肾上腺素)应用;NT-pro BNP中度诊断敏感(ROC曲线下面积0.7~0.8)为变力性药物(多巴胺)应用;NT-pro BNP较弱诊断敏感(ROC曲线下面积0.6~0.7)术后引流过多、血小板输入、心房颤动、心衰综合征。结论行孤立冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者术前血浆NT-pro BNP浓度是预测冠脉搭桥术术后情况的一项有价值的诊断方式。NT-pro BNP术前预测价值尤其适用于机械通气时间延长、呼吸功能衰竭、变力性药物(多巴胺,肾上腺素)应用。     

Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI before coronary artery bypass surgery: impact of myocardial scar extent on bypass flow

The aim of the study was to relate the extent of myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in cardiac MRI to intraoperative graft flow in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thirty-three CAD patients underwent LGE MRI before surgery using an inversion-recovery GRE sequence (turboFLASH). Intraoperative graft flow in Doppler ultrasonography was compared with the scar extent in each coronary vessel territory. One hundred and fourteen grafts were established supplying 86 of the 99 vessel territories. A significant negative correlation was found between scar extent and graft flow (r = −0.4, p < 0.0001). Flow in grafts to territories with no or small subendocardial scar was significantly higher than in grafts to territories with broad nontransmural or transmural scar (75 ± 39 vs. 38 ± 26 cc min⁻¹; p < 0.0001). In summary, the extent of myocardial scar as defined by contrast-enhanced MRI predicts coronary bypass graft flow. Beyond the probability of functional recovery, preoperative MRI might add value to surgery planning by predicting midterm bypass graft patency.     

Cardiac CT angiography after coronary artery surgery in children using 64-slice CT scan

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT with that of invasive angiography in the detection of graft and/or coronary angioplasty stenosis in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.

Population and methods

Fifteen consecutive children (8 male and 7 female; age 9.2 ± 6.1 years) underwent 64-slice CT because of chest pain or ECG changes mean 4.8 ± 3.7 years after surgical coronary artery surgery; 10 patients had coronary angioplasty using a patch from the saphenous vein, four had mammary artery bypass, and one had saphenous vein bypass. Six main segments of the coronary arteries and all the bypass graft considered as a single segment were analyzed and compared with invasive angiography used as the reference standard.

Results

CT correctly identified the four children with coronary angioplasty and mammary graft lesions that were confirmed by conventional angiography: one patient had a significant stenosis (>50% stenosis) at the mammary bypass graft anastomosis site; three other had non-significant stenosis (<50% stenosis) including a mild lesion of the saphenous vein patch in two patients and a mild lesion at the anastomosis site of the mammary bypass in one. All segments identified as normal by CT in the other 11 children were also found to be normal by conventional angiography.

Conclusion

In centers expert in this technique, 64-slice CT scanning is a promising, rapid, and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating both coronary angioplasty and bypass graft lesions in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.     

Feasibility of coronary CT angiography for guidance of CABG

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical safety and effectiveness of coronary revascularization in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) based exclusively on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) results.Methods53 patients (62.3 ± 7.1 years) underwent CCTA before a CABG surgery without prior invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoint was quality of life (QoL) assessed with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). All were collected one year after the surgery.ResultsCCTA revealed multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) in 52 patients. Indication for bypass surgery was made exclusively based on CCTA results. 136 distal anastomoses were performed. Assessment at 1 year (13.3 ± 1.4 months) was completed in 98.1% of the patients. MACE and mortality rates were 0%. The MLHFQ total score was 21.8 ± 8.7, and active lifestyle was maintained in all patients.ConclusionsIn this proof of concept prospective pilot study, we observed that non-invasive coronary angiography may provide adequate anatomic detail to guide CABG surgery. Further study of this concept is warranted.     

Lethal myocardial infarction subsequent to compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery induced by traumatic hematoma

Summary Post-traumatic myocardial infarction is a well-known although rare complication of blunt chest traumas. In cases of proximally located damage to the coronary arteries, modern vascular surgery such as bypass operations may be lifesaving. In this paper we describe a case, where a healthy 35-year-old man developed a lethal myocardial infarction 8 days after a chest trauma caused by a moped. The ECG obtained 4 h after the accident showed extensive transmural ischemia of the anterior wall. At autopsy a hematoma originating from a side branch was found to compress the left anterior descending coronary artery immediately distal to its origin from the main stem. This finding suggests that bypass surgery could have saved the life of this young man. Patients with evidence of myocardial ischemia following chest traumas should be transferred to a cardiac center as early as possible.      

主-髂动脉闭塞后CTA显示的侧支循环对踝肱指数影响的初步研究

目的探讨主-髂动脉闭塞后CTA显示的侧支循环对踝肱指数(ABI)的影响。资料与方法回顾性分析主-髂动脉闭塞且CTA显示侧支循环的病例18例(A组);主-髂动脉闭塞,CTA未显示侧支血管的病例18例(B组);主-髂动脉轻度狭窄的病例24例(C组)。对照各组的ABI值,并对三组样本的ABI均数进行统计学分析。结果 A组,右侧ABI均值为0.44±0.18;左侧ABI均值为0.41±0.16。B组,右侧ABI均值为0.40±0.09;左侧ABI均值为0.41±0.11。C组,右侧ABI均值0.73±0.22;左侧ABI均值为0.71±0.19。各组右侧与左侧之间ABI的差别均无统计学意义,P>0.05;右侧A、B、C三组的差异有统计学意义,P<0.001。组间两两比较,主-髂动脉闭塞后CTA显示了侧支循环的A组与CTA未显示侧支循环的B组之间ABI值无统计学差异,P>0.05;A组与C组及B组与C组之间的差别均有统计学意义,P<0.05。左侧组内及组间差异与右侧一致。结论主-髂动脉闭塞后CTA所能显示的侧支循环尚未对ABI数值产生影响。CTA及ABI作为形态学和功能学检查方法,在判定下肢缺血程度、制定合理的治疗方案时应综合运用。     

Coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of fallot

Coronary angiograms of 296 patients with Fallot's tetralogy were reviewed. Group I abnormalities in the origin and distribution of the coronary arteries, found in 32 (11.8%) cases, consisted of a single coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva in 7 cases, left anterior descending artery from the right coronary artery in 7 cases, and an accessory left anterior descending from the right coronary in 18 cases. Of the 7 cases with a single coronary artery, the right coronary branch was anterior to the aortic root, crossing the right ventricular outflow in two cases. Group II acquired abnormalities were found in 11 cases and consisted of an enlarged conus artery in 9 cases and 1 case each of coronary bronchial collateral and right ventricular branch from the left anterior descending artery. Except in 12 patients requiring selective coronary angiography, aortic root angiography was sufficient to outline the coronary anatomy. Awareness of a coronary anomaly helps in deciding the time and type of operative procedure to be performed, especially in infants, since injury to a large vessel perfusing the left ventricle usually results in increased morbidity and mortality.     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的技术与应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(multislice spiral CT coromary angiography,MSCTCA)的成像技术和临床应用价值。方法:37例患者行MSCTCA检查,利用多种方法进行重建,分析影响冠状动脉图像质量的重要因素,MSCTCA对冠状动脉的显示能力,冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价,冠状动脉斑块性质的判断,冠状动脉的解剖变异,并了解桥血管和支架的通畅性。结果:容积再现图像最佳的显示相位窗为75%,左主干、左前降支重建的最佳相位为75%,右冠和左回旋支为50%~70%。MSCTCA能显示的管腔最小径1.5mm。对冠状动脉的解剖变异、冠状动脉狭窄的程度、斑块的性质及桥血管和内支架显示良好。结论:MSCTCA可作为冠心病介入治疗前的筛选,能能评价斑块的性质,在血运重建后的复查中也有很高的应用价值,并能提供冠状动脉其他病变的信息。     

MTD系统在冠心病诊疗中的影像学表现初探

目的：我们应用自主研发的医用热成像诊断（medical thermo-diagnose,MTD）系统,采集冠心病病例术前热成像资料及冠状动脉旁路术中心肌热成像数据加以分析,以期为冠心病诊疗提供新的方法。方法：同期临床确诊冠心病,多支病变患者164例,于术前行红外热成像数据采集,其中12例常规行冠状动脉旁路移植术（medical thermo-diagnose,CABG）并于术中行红外热成像数据采集。结果：经红外热成像技术,所有研究对象顺利采集到相应心肌温度数据及相应热区分布变化,对比其他临床辅助检查手段证实了其有效性。结论：红外热成像技术作为一种新型医学诊断技术手段,可安全、有效地应用于冠心病诊疗过程并具指导意义。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（64-slice CTCA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床应用价值。方法：对120例临床怀疑冠状动脉疾病及支架置入术、冠脉搭桥术后的患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像。采用回顾性心电门控扫描,并采用曲面重建、多平面重组,容积再现及最大密度投影技术显示冠状动脉主干及分支,其中30例患者近期行传统冠状动脉造影（CCA）。结果：120例患者可评价冠脉节段1377个,可满足诊断的冠脉节段1341个,占97．39％。30例患者近期行CCA检查,MSCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄节段103个与CCA相符,占88．03％,显示轻、中、重度狭窄及血管闭塞与CCA符合率分别为77．8％、93．3％、91．6％、77．8％,得出64SCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄敏感性97．52％,特异性96．02％,阳性预测值95．16％,阴性预测值96．01％。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在诊断冠状动脉疾病方面有很高的诊断价值,可以成为筛查、排除冠状动脉病变及支架、搭桥术后随访的常规检查方法。     

Aortic dissection following coronary artery bypass surgery: Diagnosis by CT

We describe an unusual case of aortic dissection causing spinal cord infarction. The dissection arose from an intimal tear at the suture line of a coronary artery bypass graft. CT was used to diagnose the dissection and to demonstrate its extension to the aortoiliac bifurcation and innominate artery and its rupture into the left pleural cavity. The most common causes of intimal tears following cardiac bypass surgery are aortic cross-clamping, aortic cannulation, and injury during suturing of the graft to the aorta. An underlying disease of the aorta such as atherosclerosis, cystic medial necrosis, or aortitis is commonly present. CT is an accurate and safe means of detecting aortic dissections following cardiac surgery, and is also useful in assessing the extent of the dissection and identifying its rupture into the pleural or pericardial cavity.     

非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术术后处理

目的 总结32例非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术(Off-pump coronary artery bypasss grafting,OPCAB)术后处理的临床经验,并对其进行初步探讨。 方法 2000年12月-2003年11月我们共完成OPCAB 32例,其中2支病变5例,3支病变15例,4支病变9例,5支病变3例。采用乳内动脉、桡动脉和/或大隐静脉共移植血管99支,平均每例3.1支。 结果 无手术死亡,无围手术期心肌梗死等严重并发症发生。平均术后辅助呼吸时间10±2.5小时,平均ICU监护治疗时间72小时,术后早期发生心律失常12例,术后切口感染5例,胸骨骨不连2例。术后平均住院17.6±4.5天。术后短期随访显示临床效果满意。 结论 OPCAB可作为冠状动脉旁路移植的手术方法之一,术后早期适时尽早拔出气管内插管,调整血容量,水、电解质平衡,预防和及时处理心律失常等并发症是术后早期处理的关键。