阻断淋巴通道对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠道细菌易位的影响

目的：从阻断淋巴通道角度探讨实验性梗阻性黄疸肠道细菌易位作用的机理。方法：结扎Wistar大鼠胆管，制作梗阻性黄疸模型，60只大鼠分为假手术组（A组）、梗阻性黄痘组（B组）和梗阻性黄疸＋乳糜管结扎组（C组），每组各20只，手术后15d剖腹分别抽取下腔静脉血、门静脉血、检测其内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的含量，并对肠系膜淋巴结、肺组织行细菌培养，对末端小肠及肺组织行病理学检查。结果：大鼠梗阻性黄痘模型建立后15d，外周静脉和门静脉血浆中内毒素含量均明显升高（P〈0．01），同时外周静脉血浆TNF-α、IL-6含量、肠系膜淋巴结及肺组织细菌培养阳性率亦明显升高（P〈0．01），并伴有肺泡腔出血水肿及大量炎性细胞浸润；孔糜管结扎显著降低外周血内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6含量（P〈0．01），明确减轻肺细菌易位率及肺病理损伤程度（P〈0．01）。结论：阻断淋巴通道可减轻梗阻性黄疸时肠道细菌易位所致的高内毒素血症及炎症因子的过表达，改善肺损伤程度。     

大黄等中药对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠道细菌易位的影响

目的：探讨大黄等中药对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠道细菌易位的影响。方法：胆总管下段结扎制成梗阻性黄疸的动物模型。60只Wister大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组，20只)、胆总管结扎组(B组，20只)、胆总管结扎加中药治疗组(C组，20只)。观察各组血浆肝功能、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)，对末端回肠肠粘膜进行病理学检查以及对胰腺、肺、肠系膜淋巴结细菌培养。结果：术后第21天，C组和B组血浆总胆红素值、谷丙转氨酶值无差别。血浆内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6的值C组明显低于B组。肠粘膜损伤C组轻于B组。胰腺、肺、肠系膜淋巴结细菌培养阳性率C组明显低于B组。结论：中药可以保护肠粘膜屏障，减少肠道细菌内毒素的易位，降低血浆中细胞因子的水平。     

阻断肠道淋巴通道对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠道细菌易位的影响

目的 从细菌易位途径的角度探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肠道细菌易位作用的机理.方法 采用胰管内注入5%牛磺胆酸钠溶液诱发大鼠SAP模型,36只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、SAP组和SAP+乳糜管结扎组.每组各12只,于术后16 h剖腹分别抽取下腔静脉血、门静脉血及乳糜管中收集淋巴液,检测其内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,并对肠系膜淋巴结、肺组织、胰腺组织行细菌培养,对肺组织、胰腺组织及末端小肠行病理学检查.结果 诱发SAP 16 h,外周静脉血、淋巴液及门静脉血中内毒素含量均明显升高.同时外周静脉血浆TNF-α、IL-6含量、肠系膜淋巴结、肺组织及胰腺组织细菌培养阳性率亦明显升高,肺损伤及胰腺病理损害严重;乳糜管结扎阻断肠道淋巴通道虽不能阻止SAP所致的肠黏膜病理损害、肠系膜淋巴结细菌易位率及门静脉血内毒素含量,但可显著降低外周血内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6含量.明显减轻肺、胰细菌易位率及其病理损害程度.结论 阻断肠道淋巴通道可减轻SAP时肠道细菌易位所致的高内毒素血症及炎症因子的过表达,改善肺损伤及胰腺病理损害程度.     

中医清泻法对梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症大鼠内毒素、ALT、TNF-a的影响

目的：观察中医清泻法对梗阻性黄疸肠源性内毒素血症的疗效。方法：将大鼠分成4组，即模型清泻法组、模型西药组、模型对照组、空白组，模型清泻法组、模型西药组、模型对照组开腹胆总管结扎法造模，空白组仅游离牵拉胆总管即可，不结扎。模型清泻法组、模型西药组灌喂实验试剂。实验结束后，检测各组大鼠血浆中内毒素、TNF-α依据实验数据，分析清泻法对梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症大鼠内毒素、TNF—α等的影响。结果：梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症大鼠经过清泻法自拟汤治疗后，可降低各项实验室指标，各指标均明显低于模型对照组（P均〈0．01），对TNF—α指标的改善优于西药组（P均〈0．05），其他疗效指标与西药组相比疗效相近（P均〉0．05），且总体指标改善情况有高于后者之，表明清泻法自拟汤对梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症治疗有效，疗效有优于西药乳果糖对照组之趋势。结论：中医清泻法治疗梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症安全、有效。     

内毒素血症在急性胰腺炎肺损伤中的作用机制

目的：探讨内毒素血症在急性坏死性胰腺炎并发肺损伤过程中的地位及作用机制。材料和方法：将大鼠分三组，水肿性胰腺炎组即制备急性水肿性胰腺炎模型；水肿性胰腺炎 LPS处理，在预定时点测定动物血浆TNF——α的明显表达，血中TNF-α含量显著增加，伴有轻度肺损害的表现。水肿性胰腺炎组动物肺组中也有一定程度TNF-α的表达，如果再合并内毒素血症，则TNF-α的生成大大增加，同时出现严重的肺损伤。结论：急性胰腺炎时内毒素血症可以通过诱导肺内TNF-α等炎症性细胞因子的过度表达而导致肺损伤，研究还提示内毒素血症可能在启动SIRS/MODS及胰腺炎重症化进程中发挥重要作用。     

肠内及肠外营养对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠屏障功能的影响

目的：比较肠内营养（EN）及肠外营养(PN)对阻塞性黄疸(OJ)大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法：结扎胆总管建立OJ大鼠模型。60只SD大鼠随机分为A组：假手术组（SHAM）,B组：梗黄组（CBDL），C组：梗黄肠外营养组(CBDL+PN)，D组：梗黄肠内营养组(CBDL+EN)，E组：梗黄抗生素自由饮水组，每组12只，饲养1周后采腔静脉血分离血清待测内毒素；取肠系膜淋巴结、肝脾少量培养后观察记录细菌生长情况。取小肠制作切片光镜观察小肠黏膜形态学变化及绒毛高度、厚度和隐窝深浅等。结果：与A组比较，B组及D组空肠黏膜隐窝深度变浅(P<0.05),C组及E组大鼠空肠黏膜亦有不同程度变薄、萎缩、绒毛变短、隐窝变浅等；A组无肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位，B、C、D和E组肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位率高于A组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；B、C、D和E组血内毒素含量高于A组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,E组低于B、C和D组（P<0.05）。结论：①OJ时肠道屏障功能受损，发生细菌移位及内毒素血症；②肠内及标准肠外营养都不能维持OJ大鼠肠黏膜屏障及阻止肠道细菌移位，但肠内营养组好于肠外营养组；③肠道抗生素可降低内毒素血症的发生率及有利于阻止细菌移位。     

醒脑静注射液对大鼠创伤失血性休克合并内毒素血症模型的保护作用

目的：研究醒脑静注射液对创伤失血性休克复合内毒素血症模型大鼠的保护作用。方法：制作大鼠创伤失血性休克合并内毒素血症动物模型,经静脉给予醒脑静注射液干预治疗,检测血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量的变化及大鼠肺组织的病理改变。结果：醒脑静注射液干预治疗组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β的水平较致伤组降低（P〈0.05）,血清中IL-10的含量较致伤组明显升高（P〈0.01）,大鼠肺组织炎症病理改变较致伤组明显减轻。结论：醒脑静注射液对大鼠创伤失血性休克合并内毒素模型有明显保护作用。     

结肠途径治疗对中暑犬炎症因子及内毒素血症的影响

目的研究结肠途径治疗（肠疗）对中暑犬血清酶、炎症因子及内毒素血症的影响。方法建立高温中暑犬的动物模型,将犬随机分为两组（肠疗组、常规治疗组）,比较两组的降温时间。测定中暑前、中暑后6、24、48h的血丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）,测定上述时点血白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）及内毒素（ET）水平。进行统计学分析。结果与常规治疗组相比,肠疗组降温时间明显缩短（P〈0．01）,ALT、AST、CK明显降低（P〈0．05）,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α和ET水平显著下降（P〉0．05）。结论肠疗可加快高温中暑犬降温速度,促进血清酶恢复,清除血清炎症因子,减轻内毒素血症。     

黑木耳提取物对脓毒血症大鼠细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1的影响

目的观察脓毒血症大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1含量,初步探讨黑木耳对脓毒血症的影响。方法健康Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,对照组、实验组、思密达组、黑木耳多糖组,术前灌胃3d,第4d行手术,除对照组只翻动盲肠不结扎外,其余均结扎盲肠穿刺,术后随时观察大鼠的一般状况,造模12h后处死大鼠,腹主动脉取血,分光光度计检测血清内毒素含量;血气分析,ELISA法检测血清中TNF-α、IL-1含量。结果对照组血清内毒素、TNF-α、IL-1、PaO2、PaCO2、与实验组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),思密达组内毒素、TNF-α、IL-1、与对照组、实验组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),黑木耳多糖组内毒素、TNF-α、IL-1与对照组、实验组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黑木耳粗提物能显著降低脓毒症大鼠血清中内毒素、TNF-α、IL-1含量。     

阻塞性黄疸血浆IL-18的变化及其意义

目的探讨阻塞性黄疸血浆IL-18的变化及其临床意义.方法37例阻塞性黄疸患者（良性阻塞性黄疸25例,恶性12例）;低胆红素组21例,高胆红素组16例;其中22例进行减黄手术,并作术前术后自身对照.16例总胆红素正常择期手术患者作对照.分别抽血测定：谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、C反应蛋白、IL-18等.结果良性阻塞性黄疸组、恶性阻塞性黄疸组、低胆红素组、高胆红素组、术前组和术后组的C反应蛋白和IL-18等较正常组升高,白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白较正常组降低.术后组的C反应蛋白和IL-18等较术前组升高.结论阻塞性黄疸患者IL-18水平升高具有重要意义,可能参与内毒素引起的肝功能损害,同时IL-18也可能作为一种急性期反应物,对判断疾病的严重程度有一定意义.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.