极重度 COPD 福莫特罗粉布地奈德噻托溴铵联合吸入在稳定期的疗效研究

目的：分析总结极重度 COPD 稳定期联合应用福莫特罗粉/布地奈德及噻托溴铵治疗的临床价值。方法将100例 COPD 患者随机分为 A、B、C 3组,A 组34例,给予福莫特罗粉/布地奈德治疗;B 组33例,给予噻托溴铵治疗;C 组34例,给予联合福莫特罗粉/布地奈德及噻托溴铵治疗。对比3组临床治疗效果。结果3组接受治疗前 FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1% pred 及圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),但经治疗3个月后,3组 FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1% pred 及SGRQ 比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),C 组明显优于 A 组及 B 组(P <0.05),而 A 组与 B 组比较,差异无统计学意义(P >0.05);同时3组药物不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论 COPD 稳定期患者联合应用福莫特罗粉/布地奈德及噻托溴铵治疗可在不增加药物不良反应的同时显著提高治疗效果。     

茚达特罗联合噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者临床疗效观察

目的探讨茚达特罗联合噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床疗效。方法选择中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者80例,随机分为4组,每组120例。空白对照组患者不给予任何抗胆碱能药物及β2-受体激动剂吸入治疗;噻托溴铵组患者给予噻托溴铵吸入治疗;茚达特罗组患者给予茚达特罗吸入治疗;联合治疗组患者给予茚达特罗+噻托溴铵吸入治疗,4组均治疗2个月。比较4组患者治疗前后的肺功能、BODE指数积分,比较治疗期间急性加重情况以及不良反应的发生情况。结果疗程结束后,茚达特罗组、噻托溴铵组及联合治疗组患者FEV1%和FEV1/FVC均显著升高(P0.05),联合治疗组患者FEV1%明显高于空白对照组(P0.05)、FEV1/FVC明显高于其他三组(P0.05);茚达特罗组、噻托溴铵组及联合治疗组患者BODE指数积分均显著降低(P0.05),联合治疗组患者BODE指数积分显著低于其他三组(P0.05)。治疗期间联合治疗组患者急性加重情况显著轻于空白对照组(P0.05);4组患者的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单独应用噻托溴铵或茚达特罗治疗相比,二者联合治疗中重度稳定期COPD患者,有助于改善患者的肺功能,提高临床治疗效果,避免受体耐受效应的发生。     

噻托溴铵联合布地奈德治疗轻中度哮喘的临床疗效评价

目的 观察噻托溴铵联合吸人糖皮质激素对轻中度哮喘患者的临床疗效.方法 60例轻中度哮喘患者随机分为两组:噻托溴铵组给予吸入噻托溴铵干粉剂(18μg,每日1次)与布地奈德干粉剂(200 μg,每日2次);福莫特罗组给予吸入布地奈德福莫特罗干粉剂(160/4.5 μg,每日2次).在治疗前及治疗后8 w测定两组症状体征及肺功能变化.结果 治疗后8w,噻托溴铵组及福莫特罗组患者症状体征评分和肺功能指标明显改善,两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在吸入糖皮质激素的基础上加用噻托溴铵,可明显改善轻中度哮喘患者的症状和肺功能,其疗效和加用福莫特罗相当.     

噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效研究

目的探讨噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的临床疗效。方法选取2012年在南昌大学第一附属医院进行治疗的COPD稳定期患者200例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各100例。对照组患者给予COPD常规治疗,治疗组患者在COPD常规治疗基础上给予噻托溴铵治疗,均连续治疗8周后随访6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后肺功能指标,包括:第一秒用力呼气末容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC比值;观察两组患者治疗前和随访3、6个月时呼吸困难指数(m MRC)和6分钟步行距离(6MWT)及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前m MRC和6MWT比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者随访3个月、6个月时m MRC低于对照组,6MWT长于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组患者不良反应发生率为7%,与对照组的8%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵能改善COPD稳定期患者肺功能,缓解临床症状,提升运动耐量,且安全性良好。     

噻托溴铵对肺外血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的探讨噻托溴铵肺外血管内皮细胞功能的调节作用,并分析患者肺功能改善状况。方法选择本院收治的98例稳定期慢阻肺患者,应用噻托溴铵治疗。评估患者治疗前、后最大肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)和FEV1/FVC,并检测血清中内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平。结果治疗后FEV1/FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC(%)均高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗后ET-1低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后NO和VEGF均高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗后MMP-9和IL-8低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵可明显提高内皮细胞功能,有利于患者肺功能的改善。     

脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的临床疗效

目的评价口服脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD的临床疗效。方法选取68例老年稳定期COPD患者采用平行分组法随机分为治疗组与对照组各34例,对照组给予噻托溴铵粉吸入18μg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予脾氨肽冻干粉口服2 mg/次,1次/d。疗程均为8周。结果治疗8周后,治疗组较对照组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1%预计值水平明显改善(P0.05),血清CD+3、CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8及NK细胞水平较对照组明显改善(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD效果理想,其可能通过改善淋巴细胞免疫功能水平发挥作用。     

慢阻肺伴糖尿病老年患者的治疗方案及有效性观察

目的观察不同方案治疗慢阻肺伴糖尿病老年患者的有效性。方法选取该院2016年6月—2017年12月收治的慢阻肺伴糖尿病老年患者共86例,其中43例采取布地奈德/福莫特罗粉剂治疗疾病(设为A组),另43例在应用布地奈德/福莫特罗粉剂的同时采取噻托溴铵治疗疾病(设为B组),对比两组患者的临床治疗情况。结果治疗前,各组肺功能指标、血糖水平的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,B组肺功能指标较A组提高,血糖水平较A组下降,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组不良反应发生率为27.9%和9.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组生活质量评分显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢阻肺伴糖尿病老年患者联合使用布地奈德/福莫特罗粉剂、噻托溴铵及二甲双胍治疗疾病,在肺功能改善、血糖控制方面均可获得满意疗效,且有助于患者生活质量的进一步提升。     

噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸及呼吸训练治疗稳定期中度慢阻肺的临床观察

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)及呼吸训练对稳定期中度慢性阻塞性肺病(简称慢阻肺)患者的临床治疗效果。方法筛选稳定期中度慢阻肺患者,随机分为噻托溴铵治疗组、噻托溴铵+NAC治疗组和噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组,各33例。在治疗前、治疗后6个月评定临床症状、改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数(m MRC)、6分钟步行距离(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)及肺功能。结果各组患者治疗前临床症状评分、m MRC评分、6MWD及1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)、FEV_1/用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)比较均无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,患者的临床症状及m MRC评分下降,FEV_1%、FEV_1/FVC及6MWD均增加(P0.05),而噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组临床症状及mMRC评分、FEV_1%、6MWD的改善效果均优于同期对照组(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合NAC和呼吸训练治疗对改善慢阻肺患者的临床症状、增加运动耐力有显著疗效。     

噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床效果

目的 分析噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床效果.方法 选取老年COPD患者108例,采用随机数字表法分为两组.对照组给予长效抗胆碱能药噻托溴铵粉吸入剂,研究组在对照组治疗基础上联合沙美特罗替卡松气雾剂.比较两组治疗前、治疗后3个月肺功能指标〔用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)与FEV1/FVC〕、血气指标〔氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)〕、呼吸困难量表(MRC)评分、相关细胞因子〔降钙素原(PTC)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)〕及并发症情况.结果 治疗后3个月,两组PaO2、SaO2、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC水平显著上升,PaCO2、PCT、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平显著下降(P<0.05),且研究组以上指标改善效果显著优于对照组(P<0.05).两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松可以显著改善老年COPD患者肺功能,降低炎性作用,改善血气水平,预后良好.     

脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的疗效评价及对血清SP-D、SOD、ET-1、α-HBD的影响

目的探讨脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵用于老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效评价及对血清肺泡表面活性蛋白(SP)-D、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮素(ET)-1、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBD)的影响。方法选择80例老年COPD患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组及对照组各40例。对照组采用噻托溴铵进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合脾氨肽冻干粉治疗。比较两组肺功能指标、免疫功能、血清SP-D、SOD、血浆ET-1、α-HBD水平。结果治疗后,观察组肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC和FEV1%水平均明显高于对照组,免疫功能CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+和自然杀伤(NK)细胞水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+水平显著低于对照组,血清SP-D、ET-1和α-HBD水平明显低于对照组,血清SOD水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD可有效改善患者肺功能及免疫功能,降低患者血清SP-D、ET-1和α-HBD水平,提高血清SOD含量,疗效确切。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

以肥厚性硬脑膜炎为主要表现的肉芽肿性多血管炎临床病例分析

目的探讨肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)继发肥厚性硬脑膜炎(HCP)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2004—2018年收治的GPA继发HCP病例资料的特点。结果①GPA患者315例,19例继发HCP,占6.0%;②男性12例,女性7例;年龄19~64岁,中位年龄57岁。③神经系统表现:19例均有头痛,16例颅神经受累。受累部位:额部8例,颞部8例,颅底8例(鞍旁4例,其中海绵窦3例,眶尖2例),小脑幕6例,大脑镰2例,顶部1例,枕部1例,1例合并硬脊膜炎。④系统表现:发热10例,体质量下降8例,肺部受累4例,肾脏受累3例,16例鼻窦炎,10例中耳炎,16例局限型GPA。⑤15例ANCA抗体阳性,8例蛋白酶3(PR3)-ANCA阳性,6例髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-ANCA阳性。⑥16例行腰椎穿刺检查:脑脊液压力9例升高、5例正常、2例降低;脑脊液蛋白升高10例。⑦15例(78.9%)伯明翰系统性血管炎评分(BVAS)>15分。⑧19例均使用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,其中12例行甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,12例鞘内注射地塞米松(或+甲氨蝶呤),19例病情均缓解。结论HCP是GPA少见且严重的表现,主要表现为颅高压和颅神经受累,多见于局限型GPA患者,常伴有全身疾病的活动,需积极治疗。