全血电阻法血小板聚集试验监测抗血小板治疗的应用评价

目的:评价全血电阻法血小板聚集试验监测抗血小板治疗的临床价值.方法:随访144例急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者6个月,使用电阻法监测抗血小板治疗的效果.结果:健康志愿者电阻法检测结果的分布范围为ADP 6～13 Ω;AA 5～14 Ω;胶原10～18 Ω.10例患者服用负荷剂量氯吡格雷(300 mg)2 h后,以ADP为诱导剂,电阻法测定其中8例结果为O Ω,其他2例分别为3和7 Ω:光学法测定结果分布为31%～74%之间.接受阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双抗血小板治疗6个月后预后良好的121位ACS患者,治疗1周后的电阻法测定结果分布为,ADP1～10.9 Ω;AA O Ω;胶原5～18.8 Ω.治疗6个月后电阻法测定结果的分布为,ADP 0～7 Ω;AA O Ω;胶原3～16 Ω.接受双抗血小板治疗,以ADP为诱导剂的检测结果与PLT、Fbg、T-chol和LDL水平具有相关性;与hsCRP、身高、体重没有相关性.以胶原为诱导剂的检测结果与PLT具有相关性,与Fbg、LDL、hsCRP、身高、体重没有相关性.以AA为诱导剂的检测结果与上述所有参数没有相关性.结论:全血电阻法血小板聚集试验是一种值得推荐的用于评价血小板对药物反应性的试验.     

血小板与抗血小板治疗

近年来,人们越来越认识到血小板在动脉系统血栓形成中的关键作用.抗血栓治疗已不仅仅是控制凝血酶的生成及其活性,抗血小板治疗已成为预防和治疗动脉系统血栓的基石.     

急性冠脉综合征的抗血小板治疗

急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是严重威胁人类健康的一类急性心血管事件,包括不稳定性心绞痛、非S-T段抬高型和S-T段抬高型心肌梗死,以及以上各病症导致的猝死。血小板的激活在ACS的发生中起着重要作用,抗血小板治疗在ACS防治中的重要地位也越来越受到人们的广泛关注。通过对血小板致病的机制及抗血小板治疗的探讨,进一步明确抗血小板治疗的重要性。     

阿司匹林与氯吡格雷在冠心病抗血小板治疗中的应用

血小板活化与凝血系统激活在冠状动脉血栓形成过程中具有重要作用 ,这两个基本机制在体内紧密联系 ,因为凝血系统激活后产生的凝血酶 ,是一个强有力的血小板活化因子 ,血小板活化后又将促进凝血过程。抗栓治疗应针对凝血酶和血小板两个环节 ,分别称为抗凝血酶治疗和抗血小板治疗。临床上最常用的抗血小板药物包括阿司匹林二磷酸腺苷 (ADP)受体拮抗剂 (噻氯吡啶、氯吡格雷 )和血小板糖蛋白IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂 (阿昔单抗等 ) ;使用较多的抗凝药物包括肝素、低分子肝素、水蛭素以及其衍生物、口服抗凝药物华法林钠 (商品名 :华法林 )等。抗…     

阿司匹林加氯吡格雷强化抗血小板治疗急性冠脉综合征的临床观察

目的探讨阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷强化抗血小板治疗急性冠脉综合征的有效性和安全性。方法选择2007年3月-2008年5月符合急性冠脉综合征诊断标准患者186例为研究对象,随机分为两组,阿司匹林治疗组93例,给予低分子肝素、β-受体阻滞剂、他汀类调脂药、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、钙拮抗剂、硝酸酯类等常规药物治疗;阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗组93例,在常规治疗基础上加用氯吡格雷75mg／d,治疗4周,比较两组主要心血管不良事件和出血发生率。结果联用氯吡格雷组主要心血管不良事件（包括心原性死亡、再发或新发急性心肌梗死、反复心绞痛发作）发生率明显下降（P〈0．05）,出血发生率与单用阿司匹林比较差异无统计学意义。结论急性冠脉综合征患者应用阿司匹林加氯吡格雷强化抗血小板治疗是有效和安全的。     

血栓弹力图在冠心病患者抗血小板治疗中的临床应用

目的在冠心病患者中,使用血栓弹力图测定血小板抑制率,评价抗血小板药物的作用效果。方法对该院联合服用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的402例冠心病住院患者进行血栓弹力图检测,测得二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受体途径诱导的血小板抑制率和花生四烯酸(AA)通路途径诱导的血小板抑制率,按照ADP和AA抑制率参考值高低分别分为低、正常、高抑制率3组,并对各组的普通杯R、K、角度、MA值相关性进行统计分析。结果 ADP低、正常、高抑制率3组为81例(20.1%)、251例(62.4%)和70例(17.4%),AA低、正常、高抑制率3组为50例(12.4%)、174例(43.3%)、178例(44.3%)。按照ADP低、正常、高抑制率分组,3组间的R、K、角度、MA值、AA低、正常、高抑制率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),按照AA低、正常、高抑制率分组,ADP抑制率在正常抑制率组与高抑制率组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论普通杯参数不能反映阿司匹林和氯吡格雷抗血小板的效果,ADP抑制率与AA抑制率存在一定的正相关性,根据AA和ADP抑制率的情况发现对阿司匹林和氯吡格雷抵抗的患者,进而调整用药方案。     

双联抗血小板治疗方案在脑梗死患者二级预防中的作用

目的 分析双联抗血小板治疗方案在脑梗死患者二级预防中的作用。方法 选取2020年9月至2022年9月南阳市中心医院收治的脑梗死患者126例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组63例。对照组予以单一抗血小板方案(阿司匹林)治疗,观察组予以双联抗血小板方案(氯吡格雷+阿司匹林)治疗。对比两组疗效、美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)评分、凝血功能[血小板计数(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板聚集率(PAG)]水平、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]水平及远期不良事件。结果 治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率(93.65%,59/63)较对照组(76.19%,48/63)高,差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.499,P=0.006<0.05)。治疗前,两组NIHSS评分比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,观察组NIHSS评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组PLT、FIB、PAG水平比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗...     

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的有效性和安全性评价

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病已成为人类第一大杀手[1],急性冠状动脉综合征和心脑血管死亡的主要原因是动脉粥样硬化斑块突然破裂和血栓形成,血小板的活化是其病理生理的核心[2].     

抗血小板治疗缺血性卒中的药物抵抗及策略

脑卒中已成为世界上第二位致死原因。抗血小板治疗是脑卒中防治的三大基石之一,在缺血性脑卒中的一级和二级预防中具有不可替代的作用。但是,临床上仍有不少患者尽管进行长期规范的抗血小板治疗,仍然发生缺血性血管事件,即"阿司匹林抵抗"和"氯吡格雷抵抗"现象。本文就阿司匹林、氯吡格雷抵抗产生的可能机制及处理对策进行综述。     

New Antiplatelet Agents and the Role of Platelet Function Testing in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background

Dual antiplatelet therapy is a guideline mandated for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Despite its use, thrombotic events continue to occur both early and late. Platelet function testing has been used to define the in vitro effects of new antiplatelet agents, and it has been suggested that it be used to choose therapy. The role of platelet function testing, particularly with newer antiplatelet agents, remains unclear.

Objective

We review the rationale for platelet function testing and its application in monitoring patients on antiplatelet therapy. We also review recent clinical trials of newer antiplatelet agents. On the basis of this review, we reach conclusions on the current role of antiplatelet function testing in monitoring modern antiplatelet therapy and the role of the new antiplatelet agents in the treatment of ACS.

Methods

We reviewed recent publications on platelet function testing and clinical trials of newer antiplatelet therapies compared with clopidogrel.

Results

Platelet function testing is complex, but there is now a bedside test, VerifyNow. High platelet reactivity has been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Recent clinical trials have not found any advantage in outcomes in patients who have their therapy adjusted by monitoring their platelet function. Newer agents, prasugrel, ticagrelor, and cangrelor, produce more rapid, complete, less variable effects on platelet function than clopidogrel. Prasugrel was found to improve outcomes compared with clopidogrel in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous intervention. Ticagrelor is beneficial in all patients with ACS and reduces cardiovascular mortality compared with clopidogrel. Cangrelor improves outcomes in patients undergoing stenting. Recent studies to assess the role of platelet function monitoring of the effects of clopidogrel and modifying treatments have not been successful.

Conclusion

Recent clinical trials have indicated that newer antiplatelet agents have advantages over clopidogrel in the treatment of ACS. Platelet function testing gives us a guide to the timing, efficacy, and variability of therapy and can correlate with poor patient outcomes; however, the use of antiplatelet function testing to tailor therapy does not seem appropriate.     

The Evolution of Platelet Aggregability in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia with Radiofrequency Energy: The Role of Antiplatelet Therapy

Forty-two consecutive patients were checked for profiles of platelet aggregability before, during, and 10 and 30 minutes after catheter ablation. They were randomized into Group A (n = 20) who accepted intravenous aspirin (in 0.015 g/kg body weight) and Group P (n = 22) who accepted only placebo treatment. Blood samples were drawn from ascending aorta (Ao) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) simultaneously at each time period. In Group P, the EC₅₀ of substrate induced platelet aggregability decreases significantly during (for ADP, from 1.72 to 0.78/mol/L for samples from Ao, P ± 0.0001; and from 1.68 to 0.69 μmol/ Lfor MPA, P ± 0.0001; for collagen, from 2.26 to 1.34 μg/mLfor Ao, P ± 0.005, and from 2.40 to 1.64 μg/mL, P ± 0.0001) and 10 minutes after successful ablation (for ADP, to 0.70 μmol/L for Ao, P ± 0.000, and to 0.61 μmol/L for MPA, P ± 0.0001; for collagen, to 1.54 μg/mL for Ao, P ± 0.01, and to 1.63 μg/ mL, P ± 0.0001), and then returned to baseline levels 30 minutes later (all P = NS) compared with comparative baseline levels. The levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) had the similar evolution. The evolution of platelet aggregability profiles was not associated with total energy dose, duration of energy application, duration of procedure, impedance, and ablation site. However, there were moderate positive correlations between the TXB2 levels and tip temperatures (r = 0.56, P ± 0.05 for Ao and r = 0.65, P ± 0.01 for MPA). These results suggest that increased platelet aggregability can occur during and 10 minutes after radiofrequency current ablation and antiplatelet therapy can maintain "flat" response of platelet aggregability to radiofrequency energy, which may provide possible benefits in preventing the occurrence of the complication.     

Role of Platelet Transfusion in the Reversal of Anti-Platelet Therapy

Antiplatelet therapy is extensively used in the primary and secondary prophylaxis of arterial thrombotic disorders. Aspirin, the most commonly used antiplatelet agent, is a cyclooxygenase−1 inhibitor and considered a mild to moderate inhibitor of platelet function. Therefore, often a second antiplatelet agent is necessary in certain clinical conditions requiring greater inhibition of platelet function. An adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, P2Y12, is an important target for this purpose; several agents inhibit this receptor providing potent antiplatelet effect. One of the side effects of these agents is bleeding, which in some patients may require reversal of antiplatelet effect. Similarly, patients undergoing emergent surgeries may benefit from reversal of antiplatelet effect to avoid excessive surgical bleeding. This article reviews current literature on this topic.     

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: Guidance for Nurse Practitioners

Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) is recommended after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to reduce the risk of secondary ischemic events. DAPT is recommended for at least 12 months after ACS, with prolonged DAPT suggested in patients with low bleeding risk. Nurse practitioners have an important role in managing patients after ACS, acting as patient advocates and collaborating with the cardiology provider to ensure adherence to DAPT. This review describes current recommendations for DAPT in patients with ACS and the nurse practitioners role in maximizing benefits of antiplatelet therapy.     

Antiplatelet Therapy in the Secondary Prevention of Stroke

The main role of antiplatelet therapy in the management of patients with acute ischaemic stroke is to prevent a recurrent stroke or other serious vascular event, such as myocardial infarction.     

脑卒中防治中抗血小板治疗的临床证据

在急性缺血性脑卒中的处理中,抗血小板治疗的主要作用是预防脑卒中或其它严重血管事件,如心肌梗塞的复发.     

亚健康血小板流变行为改变及己酮可可碱的治疗作用

目的通过研究亚健康人血小板的流变行为,探讨血小板流变行为改变在亚健康发生和发展过程中的作用,并探讨己酮可可碱对亚健赇人血小板流变行为的干预作用及临床疗效。方法选择确诊的100例亚健康人,采用己酮可可碱氯化钠注射液0．2g（首日0．1g）。每日一次,静点,每15d一个疗程。采用BVPM-15型布莱德多项投影显微镜系统,观测100例亚健康人治疗前当天和一个疗程后第一天的血小板流变行为变化,并与100名健康人的检测结果对照,然后再对治疗前后的观测结果进行对比分析,同时比较治疗前后的症状变化,判断治疗效果。观测指标包括血小板聚集、血小板活化。结果亚健康组与健康组比较,前者血小板聚集升高,血小板活化增加。治疗后与治疗前比较,治疗后血小板聚集性下降,血小板活化减少。结论亚健康人存在血小板流变行为的改变,检测血小板变行为对诊断和评估亚健康有意义。己酮可可碱能改善血小板的流变性,对亚健康有良好的疗效。