加强原发性青光眼的机会性筛查工作

早期发现和确诊原发性青光眼患者有利于减少青光眼引起的盲和视力损伤.开展机会性筛查工作是更早、更及时地发现原发性青光眼患者的有效方法.机会性筛查是指一些人因为健康体检或者其他问题来眼科就诊时,眼科医师有意识地进行青光眼方面的必要检查而发现的有关青光眼的情况,这应当是眼科临床工作的一部分.由于原发性闭角型青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼是两种不同类型的青光眼,具有明显不同的发病机制和临床特征,因此所采用的机会性筛查方法应当不同.作为眼科医师应当明确认识原发性闭角型青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼的发生和发展是一个连续体的概念,注意筛查试验和诊断试验的重要区别,选择筛查试验方法要力求简便、易行,重视防治青光眼人力资源的开发和应用,这对于做好机会性筛查工作十分重要.     

加强原发性青光眼的机会性筛查工作

早期发现和确诊原发性青光眼患者有利于减少青光眼引起的盲和视力损伤.开展机会性筛查工作是更早、更及时地发现原发性青光眼患者的有效方法.机会性筛查是指一些人因为健康体检或者其他问题来眼科就诊时,眼科医师有意识地进行青光眼方面的必要检查而发现的有关青光眼的情况,这应当是眼科临床工作的一部分.由于原发性闭角型青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼是两种不同类型的青光眼,具有明显不同的发病机制和临床特征,因此所采用的机会性筛查方法应当不同.作为眼科医师应当明确认识原发性闭角型青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼的发生和发展是一个连续体的概念,注意筛查试验和诊断试验的重要区别,选择筛查试验方法要力求简便、易行,重视防治青光眼人力资源的开发和应用,这对于做好机会性筛查工作十分重要.     

青光眼住院病人5年构成及视力损害分析

目的 对邯郸市眼科医院青光眼的住院病人5年构成和视力损害情况进行分析.方法 对2001～2005年邯郸市眼科医院住院患者中不同类型青光眼进行回顾性分析.结果 962例患者中,男性320例,女642例,平均年龄(61.2±13.6)岁.其中,原发性青光眼794例(82.5%),继发性青光眼127例(13.30%),先天性青光眼13例(1.4%).原发性青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼424例(53.4%),慢性闭角型青光眼313例(37.4%),开角型青光眼57例(7.1%).原发性青光眼中双眼盲发生率7.9%(63/794),其中急性闭角型青光眼致盲、慢性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼所致分别占36.5%(23/63)、52.3%(33/63)、11.1%(7/63);低视力发生率16.8%(134/794),其中急性闭角型青光眼、慢性闭角型青光眼致盲和原发性开角型青光眼所致分别占46.2%(62/134)、30.6%(41/134)和8.9%(12/134).结论 原发性闭角型青光眼是邯郸地区住院青光眼患者中的主要类型,而住院闭角型青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼居多且视力损害重,如能加强和规范急性闭角型青光眼的早期防治和急诊处理,可大幅度降低青光眼的致盲率.     

重视高度近视合并闭角型青光眼

目前,国内外不同人种、不同地区的流行病学调查和临床研究均显示近视(尤其是高度近视)是青光眼独立于眼压之外的危险因素.虽然开角型青光眼是高度近视合并青光眼的主要类型,但是近些年却不断有高度近视合并闭角型青光眼的报道.本文对高度近视合并青光眼的类型以及高度近视合并闭角型青光眼的发病机制进行讨论分析,目的是提醒眼科医师在临床工作中重视高度近视合并闭角型青光眼,以免误诊漏诊.     

重视原发性青光眼的早期诊断和干预

原发性青光眼是严重的不可逆转的致盲性眼病之一,早期诊断和干预是防止青光眼患者视功能严重丧失的关键措施。近年来,原发性青光眼的基础和临床研究均取得了重要进展,如对原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）分类的认识,对PACG发病危险因素的认识,对PACG的处理,对原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）视乳头改变的认识,处理原发性青光眼中目标眼压概念的提出等,均有利于原发性青光眼的早期诊断和干预。加强对眼科医师青光眼早期诊断和干预的继续教育,向公众普及青光眼的防治知识,通过公共卫生的途径早期筛查原发性青光眼等措施,将使大量的原发性青光眼患者得到早期诊断和干预,从而降低青光眼的致盲率。     

青光眼住院病人的构成及变化

目的 :了解青光眼住院病人的内部构成比变化 ,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法 :1996 7～ 2 0 0 2 6期间在本院住院的青光眼患者 5 2 2 2例 ,按出院诊断、性别、年龄分组 ,分析其内部构成及变化趋势。结果 :原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、皮质类固醇性青光眼、先天性青光眼、继发性青光眼各占青光眼总数的5 4 42 %、 2 1 73 %、 3 3 5 %、 6 3 2 %和 14 17%。急性闭角型青光眼的构成比 ( 2 2 5 4% )逐年下降 ,原发性开角型青光眼的构成比则逐年升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在原发性青光眼患者 (包括GIG)中 ,年龄大于 40岁的占 80 97% ,其中闭角型青光眼占82 0 9% ,年龄小于 40岁的 ,开角型青光眼占 89 62 %。闭角型青光眼患者男∶女 =1∶1 5 3 ,开角型青光眼患者男∶女 =2 5 5∶1;皮质类因醇性青光眼患者的年龄主要集中在 10～ 3 0岁 ,占 77 71%。结论 :闭角型青光眼仍然是我国青光眼的主要类型 ,但开角型青光眼的防治研究不能忽视 ,40岁以上的女性人群应特别注意闭角型青光眼的筛查 ,40岁以下的男性群体则是开角型青光眼防治的重点。     

关于我国原发性闭角型青光眼筛查与诊断认识的问卷调查

目的了解眼科医生对原发性闭角型青光眼筛查和诊断的认识以及在临床实践中应用的基本情况。设计横断面调查。研究对象2005年9月11日在第十届全国眼科学术大会青光眼会场参会的眼科医生。方法采用问卷调查的形式,调查表内容包括被调查者基本信息和对闭角型青光眼诊断进展的认识以及实际工作状况。共发出330份问卷表,收回有效问卷262份（有效应答率79．4％）。主要指标问卷调查结果。结果29个省、市的眼科医生接受了本次问卷调查。96．9％的人认为我国应开展闭角型青光眼的社区筛查工作;57．3％接受国际地域性和眼科流行病学组（ISGEO）关于闭角型青光眼的分类体系,41．6％反对必须伴有视神经损害才诊断为青光眼的观念;69．1％认为以房角关闭机制为基础的闭角型青光眼分类体系对临床治疗有指导作用。在实际工作中,81．3％的人将前房角镜检查作为门诊闭角型青光眼筛查的常规手段,77．4％将暗室激发试验作为门诊早期可疑闭角型青光眼筛查的常规手段,49．2％将超声活体显微镜检查（UBM）作为可疑闭角型青光眼筛查的常规手段。而对于急性闭角型青光眼眼压下降后视神经损害的评价,80．9％的人常规进行眼底检查,仅54．6％的人常规进行眼压下降后的视野损害评价。结论我国眼科医生对于原发性闭角型青光眼的定义与分类体系的认识与国际上存在较大差异。闭角型青光眼的筛查手段及其使用在不同医院和不同知识背景的医生中具有较大的变异性。     

抚顺市眼病医院住院患者青光眼类型构成和视力损害

目的 了解抚顺市眼病医院住院患者的青光眼类型构成和视力损害情况.设计以医院为基础的回顾性调查.研究对象 2001年～2005年抚顺市眼病医院住院青光眼患者1428例.方法 参照全国青光眼学组1987年推荐标准对住院青光眼患者进行分类,按照世界卫生组织定义的盲与低视力的标准分析各类青光眼的视力损害情况.主要指标青光眼类型构成比,青光眼的致肓和致低视力的发生率.结果 1428例患者中,男性515例,女913例,平均年龄(63.5 11.5)岁.其中,原发性青光眼1183例(82.8%),继发性青光眼243例(17.0%),先天性青光眼2例(0.1%%).原发性青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼920例(77.8%),慢性闭角型青光眼225例(19.0%),开角型青光眼38例(3.2%).原发性青光眼中双眼盲54例,占4.6%(54/1183),其中急性闭角型青光眼致肓占68.5%(37/54),慢性闭角型青光眼致盲27.8%(15/54),原发性开角型青光眼致盲3.7%(2/54.),单眼盲220例(18.6%,220/1183),其中急性闭角型青光眼致盲153例69.5%(153/220),慢性闭角型青光眼致肓26.8%(59/220),原发性开角型青光眼致盲3.6%(8/220).结论 以医院为基础的闭角型青光眼的调查表明,原发性闭角型青光眼是抚顺地区住院青光眼患者中的主要类型,而住院闭角型青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼居多且视力损害严重,如能加强和规范急性闭角型青光眼的早期防治和急诊处理,可大幅度降低青光眼的致盲率.(眼科,2008,17:113-116)     

新疆乌鲁木齐市体检人群青光眼患病情况及相关因素分析

目的:探讨青光眼在限定人群患病情况、性别、年龄分布特点,为青光眼防治提供流行病资料。方法:2008-03/2008-08,对50岁及以上眼科体检人群,总计1743人进行青光眼调查。检查项目包括常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、周边前房深度、眼压及直接眼底镜检查。对可疑青光眼患者进一步详细检查眼压、前房角镜、视野检查及眼底检查。结果:体检人群中确诊为青光眼者36人,患病率为2.06%,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为:1.55%、0.40%和0.11%,男性青光眼患者的患病率为1.51%,女性为2.53%,女性青光眼患者明显高于男性,原发性闭角型青光眼明显高于原发性开角型青光眼,且各型青光眼患病率随年龄增长而增高。结论:50岁及以上体检人群青光眼患病率与既往青光眼流行病调查的患病率接近,且原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于原发性开角型青光眼患病率,女性原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于男性,与青光眼的流行病学调查结果亦接近。     

原发性青光眼及高眼压症患者中央角膜厚度的比较研究

目的 探讨用超声角膜测厚仪测量的急性原发性闭角型青光眼、慢性原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症及正常人中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)的差异.方法 临床病例对照研究.对2010年2月至2011年11月在承德医学院附属医院眼科应用超声角膜测厚仪测量62例(107只眼)的CCT值.急性原发性闭角型青光眼16例(18只眼)、慢性原发性闭角型青光眼14例(26只眼)、原发性开角型青光眼10例(19只眼)、高眼压症6例(12只眼)及正常人16例(32只眼).采用单因素方差分析及SNK-q检验行统计分析.结果 各组CCT值:急性原发性闭角型青光眼(548.44±30.46)μm、慢性原发性闭角型青光眼(522.70±50.39)μm、原发性开角型青光眼(546.32±22.85) μm、高眼压症(585.67±21.22) μm、正常人(536.38±26.53)μm.组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=7.661,P＜0.01).两两比较显示:高眼压症与原发性青光眼组及正常人比较,差异有统计学意义;原发性青光眼各组及正常人两两比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 与正常人及原发性青光眼相比,高眼压症CCT较厚;原发性青光眼CCT与正常人相比差异无统计学意义;CCT与原发性青光眼类型无相关性.     

A population based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in rural West Bengal: the West Bengal Glaucoma Study

AIM: To determine (i) the prevalence of glaucoma in people aged > or =50 years, (ii) the proportions of different types of glaucoma, (iii) the distributions of intraocular pressure and vertical cup disc ratio. METHOD: Population based prevalence survey in rural West Bengal. People aged > or =50 years in randomly selected villages in 24 Parganas South district. The main outcome measures were diagnosis of glaucoma, based on criteria described by the International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. RESULTS: 1594 people aged > or =50 years were enumerated in nine villages; 1324 (83.1%) were surveyed and 1269 people adequately examined. 42 definite cases of glaucoma were identified, with prevalence increasing from 2.7% (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7) in people aged 50-59 years to 6.5% (95% CI 0.0 to 14.1) in those aged > or =80 years. The age standardised estimate for the prevalence of all glaucoma in people aged > or =50 years was 3.4%. Only three cases of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) were identified, giving a crude ratio of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) to PACG of more than 10:1. Three people with glaucoma were blind in one eye but none was blind in both eyes. CONCLUSION: Compared to other surveys of glaucoma in India, the age standardised prevalence observed was less than in Hyderabad, but similar to Tamil Nadu and Dhaka. The ratio of POAG to PACG was much higher than found previously, suggesting that PACG may be less prevalent in Bengalis than in Indian populations living in south India. The authors conclude that ophthalmic services in West Bengal should focus on detecting POAG. Since there is still no satisfactory method of screening for POAG, there is no alternative to case detection (opportunistic screening) in eye clinics.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Five groups, each comprising 30 consecutive patients, diagnosed to have subacute PACG, acute PACG, chronic PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls were included in the present study. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, 90D fundus examination, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, visual field testing, A-scan biometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The anterior segment parameters recorded included: trabecular-iris angle, angle opening distance, trabecular ciliary process distance, and the iris thickness among other parameters. RESULTS: On ultrasound biomicroscopy the trabecular iris angle of control and POAG groups was more than all the subtypes of PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular iris angle of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P = 0.003) was more than acute PACG. Angle opening distance of controls and POAG group was significantly more than acute PACG and chronic PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular ciliary process distance of POAG group and controls was more than subacute PACG, acute PACG, and chronic PACG. The trabecular ciliary process distance of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P < 0.001) was more than acute PACG. Eyes with acute PACG had the least iris thickness at the three different positions tested. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle (trabecular iris angle) and the following parameters: trabecular ciliary process distance, angle opening distance, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma have a thinner iris with a shorter trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance, and trabecular ciliary process distance. The eyes with acute primary angle closure glaucoma have the narrowest angle recess.     

青光眼住院手术患者的构成及变化趋势分析

目的分析青光眼住院手术患者的内部构成比及其性别、年龄分布,为青光眼的防治研究提供流行病学参考。方法回顾分析浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科2001年1月至2008年12月期间青光眼住院手术患者资料,统计住院手术患者的年龄、性别分布及各种类型青光眼的构成比,分析其内部构成比及变化趋势。结果原发性青光眼、继发性青光眼和先天性青光眼患者数各占青光眼总数的61.82%、31.01%和7.16%。住院手术患者中,原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者男：女=1：2.05;原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者男：女=2.41：1;继发性青光眼（SG）患者男：女=1.94：1;先天性青光眼（CG）患者男：女=1.45：1。40岁以下原发性青光眼手术患者以POAG患者多于PACG,而40岁以上则相反。结论 PACG是青光眼住院手术患者的主要类型。40岁以上人群中,PACG可能是青光眼防治的重点,而40岁以下人群的防治重点则可能是POAG。     

Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT 2) parameters in primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma: a comparative study in an Indian population

AIMS: To compare the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT 2) parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were recruited: group I comprised 78 eyes (78 patients) with POAG and group II 58 eyes (58 patients) with PACG. Based on visual field defects detected by automated perimetry, the groups were further classified into early, moderate, and severe glaucoma. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination as well as an HRT 2 examination. The HRT parameters for the two groups were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters calculated. RESULTS: All HRT parameters were similar in both groups: 85.9% (95% CI: 78.2, 93.6) of POAG and 81% (95% CI: 72.3, 89.3) of PACG had a positive F. S. Mikeleberg (FSM) discriminant function. Considering outside normal limits and borderline as abnormal, the Moorefield regression analysis had 83.3% (95% CI: 75, 91.6) sensitivity in POAG and 75.9% (95% CI: 64.9, 86.9) in PACG. In early POAG, the FSM discriminant function had a sensitivity of 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8, 88.8) compared to 58.3% (95% CI: 38.9, 77.7) for early PACG. The cup shape measure (p = 0.018) and the Moorfield regression analysis (p = 0.011) had significantly higher sensitivity for early POAG than for early PACG: cup shape measure sensitivity 62.9% (95% CI 46.9, 78.9) for early POAG versus 33.3% (95% CI: 14.4, 52.2) for early PACG and Moorefield regression analysis 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8, 88.8) versus 45.8% (95% CI: 39.9, 65.7). CONCLUSIONS: HRT has moderate sensitivity in the detection of damage leading to glaucomatous field defects. The sensitivity of HRT for early PACG appears to be less than that for early POAG. This may indicate a difference in pathophysiology.     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术对早期原发性青光眼眼压控制效果分析

目的 观察早期原发性青光眼行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后眼内压(IOP)控制情况,分析与术后IOP控制效果相关的影响因素.方法 回顾性选择原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)43例(43只眼)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)早期患者32例(32只眼),均行标准3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后2年定期随访.手术成功标准为:术后IOP保持在6～21mmHg,青光眼神经病变及相应视野缺损无明显进展,无需再行抗青光眼手术治疗.结果 白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后,PACG组有28例(65.1%)、POAG组有12例(37.5%)术后IOP控制良好,2年累计生存率之间存在差异(P＜0.05).PACG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(33.0±5.3)mmHg vs(40.1±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(2.9±0.9vs4.1±0.4,P＜0.01)、房角粘连范围(2.9±0.5)钟点vs(4.2±0.8)钟点,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义,而POAG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(25.3±3.4)mmHgvs(35.4±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(1.2±0.4vs2.8±0.9,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义.Cox逐步回归分析发现,在PACG组中术前IOP(P＜0.05,RR=1.17)、PAS(P＜0.01,RR=3.971),在POAG组中术前IOP(P＜0.01,RR=1.284),与相应两组术后生存时间具有相关性.结论 在术前PACG患者考虑到IOP和房角粘连范围、POAG患者考虑到IOP的条件下,超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术对于伴有白内障的早期原发性青光眼,是一种可供选择的有效的控制眼内压的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To assess and find associated factors for favorable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with primary glaucoma on early stage.Methods Forty-five patients (43 eyes) with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 32 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were retrospectively selected.All patients had undergone standard 3.2mm limbal incision phacoemulsification,and 2 years of routine follow-up after cataract surgery.Success was defined as an IOP between 6-21mmHg,with fewer antiglaucoma medications needed than those during pre-operation,no obvious progressions of glaucomatous neuropathy and its coincident visual field loss,and no need of additional glaucoma surgery.Results After phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation,there were 28 cases (65.1%) in PACG group and 12 cases (37.5%) in POAG group with well controlled postoperative IOP,and the different of 2-year survival rate was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).There were significant different in the pre-IOP (33.0± 5.3mmHg vs 40.1 ± 3.6mmHg,P ＜0.01),the number ofantiglaucoma medications (2.9± 0.9 vs 4.1± 0.4,P＜0.01) and the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) (2.9±0.5 clock hours vs 4.2± 0.8 clock hours,P ＜0.01) between success and failure cases in PACG group.The pre-IOP (25.3±3.4 mmHg vs 35.4±3.6 mmHg,P＜0.01),the number of antiglaucoma medications (1.2± 0.4 vs 2.8± 0.9,P ＜0.01) were significant different between the success and failure cases in POAG group.Cox stepwise regression analysis found that pre-IOP (P ＜0.05,RR=1.17) and the extent of PAS (P ＜0.01,RR=3.971) in PACG group and the pre-IOP (P＜0.01,RR=1.284) in the POAG group was significant associated with the corresponding survival time after cataract surgery.Conclusions Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation may be an alternative procedure for effective IOP control of the patients with primary glaucoma on early stage coexisting with cataract on considering pre-IOP and the extent of PAS in PACG and pre-IOP in POAG.     

Smith-method assessment of anterior chamber depth for screening for narrow anterior chamber angles

PURPOSE: To compare the axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) using the Smith method, in patients under treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), with an age-matched control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Triplicate just-touching-slit-length (JTSL) measurements of the axial anterior chamber depth were determined in 198 eyes of 99 patients (39 control; 36 POAG; and 24 PACG) recruited from King Saud University clinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Goldmann tonometry and gonioscopy were carried out as a part of the patient's routine examination. Subjects with a history of intraocular surgery for glaucoma or any other anterior segment disease were excluded form the study. The average ACD estimate by the JTSL method were compared among the various groups. RESULTS: The average JTSL estimates were: Control group 2.33+/-0.68 mm (axial ACD estimate = JTSL estimate x 1.4); POAG group 1.98+/-0.97 mm; PACG group 0.65+/-0.41 mm. There was no significant reduction (P = 0.068) of the JTSL estimate in the POAG group, compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction of the JTSL estimate in the PACG group, compared to both the control and POAG groups. CONCLUSION: The Smith-method JTSL technique may be used for non-invasive rapid screening, to help identify patients at risk of developing angle-closure, during routine examination of patients in the ophthalmology clinic.     

Profile of glaucoma in a major eye hospital in north India

PURPOSE: To study the clinical profile and distribution of various subtypes of glaucoma in a referral practice in North India. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was done of 2425 patients who attended the glaucoma clinic in a tertiary eye-care centre for five years from January 1995 to December 1999. A detailed history was obtained and a thorough examination was performed, including gonioscopy, disc assessment, applanation tonometry and automated perimetry. Diurnal variation of IOP and provocative tests for glaucoma were done where applicable. RESULT: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) was the most common glaucoma subtype. The primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) to the PACG ratio was 37:63. Chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) was the most common PACG subtype. The majority of CACG cases were relatively asymptomatic. Male dominance was seen for POAG, juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG), CACG, normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and secondary glaucomas. Female dominance was seen for ocular hypertension (OHT), acute or intermittent ACG and developmental glaucomas. The mean age in years at presentation was POAG:60.54 years (males 61.54 years, females 59.01 years) and PACG: 55.13 years (males 57.25 years, females 53.60). The three common secondary glaucomas were: glaucoma secondary to adherent leucoma, aphakic and pseudophakic glaucomas and traumatic glaucomas. Advanced glaucoma was detected in 42 to 53% of patients and bilateral blindness in 8 to 14% of patients in various subtypes. CONCLUSION: Compared to Caucasians, glaucoma patients in North India seem to present nearly a decade earlier and the disease is more advanced at presentation. While PACG is the most commonly encountered glaucoma, NTG and exfoliative glaucoma are relatively rare.