鼠尾草酸逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药的机制研究

Objective To investigate the effects of carnosic acid(CA)on reversal of the muhidrug resistance(MDR)of human leukemia cell line K562/A02 and its mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to determine the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to adriamycin(ADM)pre-and post-treated with CA.Flow cytometry(FCM)and laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM)were used to measure intracellular fluorescence intensity and concentration of ADM respectively.The expression level of mdr1 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression was detected by FCM and Western blot.Resuits CA decreased,IC50 of ADM in K562/A02 cells from 16.31 μg/mL to 1.35μg/mL,being a 12.08fold decrease.The intracellular ADM fluorescence intensity of K562/A02 was increased from 17.05 t0 60.53after treated with CA(P<0.01).In living K562/A02 ceils,after treated with CA,the diffuse distribution of intracellular ADM was recovered in both nuclear and cytoplasm,and the concentration of intracellular ADM increased from 4.93μg/mL to 15.43μg/mL.RT-PCR assay showed that CA inhibited the expressions of mdr1 mRNA in K562/A02 cells(P<0.01).Mean fluorescence intensity of P-gp detected by FCM in CA-treated K562/A02 was decreased to 22.80 as compared with that in untreated K562/A02 cells(44.40,P<0.05).Conclusion CA can reverse the MDR of K562/A02 cells in vitro.The mechanism may be associated with down-regulation of mdr1 and inhibition of P-gp function.     

Effect of hypoxia inducible factor1-α inhibitor on reversal of multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cell line

Objective To study the reversal effect of the hypoxia inducible factor( HIF)-1α inhibitor,YC-1 ,on muitidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and its mechanism. Methods Pre- and post- incubation with adriamycin (ADM) alone or in combination with YC-1 for 48 h, the proliferation capacity of K562/A02 and K562 cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cells after treated with 0,5,10 and 20 μmol/L YC-1 alone or in combination with 1 mg/L ADM and intracellular ADM concentration were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM). The mRNA levels of HIF-1α and mdr1 genes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The protein levels of HIF-1α and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by Western blot. Results The IC50 of ADM for K562 and K562/A02 cells were ( 1.56 ± 0.07 ) mg/L and (42.98 ±3.15) mg/L respectively. The resistance of K562/A02 cells to ADM was 27.55- fold higher of that of K562cells. After treatment with YC-1 (5μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 20 μmol/L) for 48h, the resistances of K562/A02cells to ADM were 24.63-, 16.38- and 10.71- fold increase respectively. After treatment of K562/A02 cell with YC-1(0 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmoL/L) alone or in combination with 1 mg/L ADM for 48 h, the apoptotic rates were ( 1.9 ± 0. 9) %, (4.9 ± 0. 9 ) %, ( 5.8 ± 1.1 ) %, and ( 9.3 ± 1.4 ) % and(2.3 ± 0.7 ) %, (8.2 ± 1.2) %, ( 19.0 ± 1.7 ) %, and ( 34.5 ± 2.4 ) % respectively. The intracellular flucorescence intensity of ADM were 232 ±33, 1300 ±219, 1961 ±240 and 3342 ±269 in the combined treatment group. With the increase in YC-1 concentration, the levels of mdr1 mRNA reduced, while that ofHIF-1α mRNA had no obvious change.Furthermore.the expressions of HIF-1α and P-gp were also decreased in K562/A02 cells.Conclusion YC-1,as a HIF-1 inhibitor,cau reverse multidrug resistance of K562/A02cells through down-regulating HIF-1α and p-gp.     

Effect of hypoxia inducible factor1-α inhibitor on reversal of multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cell line

Objective To study the reversal effect of the hypoxia inducible factor( HIF)-1α inhibitor,YC-1 ,on muitidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and its mechanism. Methods Pre- and post- incubation with adriamycin (ADM) alone or in combination with YC-1 for 48 h, the proliferation capacity of K562/A02 and K562 cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cells after treated with 0,5,10 and 20 μmol/L YC-1 alone or in combination with 1 mg/L ADM and intracellular ADM concentration were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM). The mRNA levels of HIF-1α and mdr1 genes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The protein levels of HIF-1α and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by Western blot. Results The IC50 of ADM for K562 and K562/A02 cells were ( 1.56 ± 0.07 ) mg/L and (42.98 ±3.15) mg/L respectively. The resistance of K562/A02 cells to ADM was 27.55- fold higher of that of K562cells. After treatment with YC-1 (5μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 20 μmol/L) for 48h, the resistances of K562/A02cells to ADM were 24.63-, 16.38- and 10.71- fold increase respectively. After treatment of K562/A02 cell with YC-1(0 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmoL/L) alone or in combination with 1 mg/L ADM for 48 h, the apoptotic rates were ( 1.9 ± 0. 9) %, (4.9 ± 0. 9 ) %, ( 5.8 ± 1.1 ) %, and ( 9.3 ± 1.4 ) % and(2.3 ± 0.7 ) %, (8.2 ± 1.2) %, ( 19.0 ± 1.7 ) %, and ( 34.5 ± 2.4 ) % respectively. The intracellular flucorescence intensity of ADM were 232 ±33, 1300 ±219, 1961 ±240 and 3342 ±269 in the combined treatment group. With the increase in YC-1 concentration, the levels of mdr1 mRNA reduced, while that ofHIF-1α mRNA had no obvious change.Furthermore.the expressions of HIF-1α and P-gp were also decreased in K562/A02 cells.Conclusion YC-1,as a HIF-1 inhibitor,cau reverse multidrug resistance of K562/A02cells through down-regulating HIF-1α and p-gp.     

尼洛替尼联合5-溴汉防己甲素逆转K562/A02细胞耐药的研究

Objective To investigate the reversible effect of nilotinib,BrTet(5-bromotetrandrine)and their combination on multidrug resistance cell line K562/A02 and its mechanism.Methods Cell proliferation inhibition wag assessed by MTT method and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of mdr1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR,and the expression of P-gp was assessed by Western blot.Results After 48 h 5 nmol/L nilotinib or 0.5μmol/L BrTet treatment,IC50 of daunorubicin(DNR)to K562/A02 was 4.52 mg/L or 5.41 mg/L respectively;While on combinative treatment,its IC50 decreased to 2.98mg/L.Nilotinib or BrTer alone was not able to increase the DNR induced apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cell (P>0.05),while on combination treatment the apoptosis rate increased remarkably.After 48 h 5 nmol/Lnilotinib or 0.5 μmol/L BrTet treatment alone,gray-scale value of mdr1 mRNA was 0.48±0.04 or 0.64±0.01,respectively;while on combinative treatment the value decreased to 0.35±0.04.The P-gp expression level in K562/A02 cells was 0.61±0.05.or 0.52±0.02 when treated with 5 nmol/L nilotinib or 0.5 μmol/L BrTet alone for 48 h.but on combination treatment,the level decreased to 0.44±0.03.Conclusion Nilotinib or BrTet alone can partially reverse drug resistance of K562/A02 cells.The mechanism may be associated with the decrease of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp expression and increase of the apoptosis rate.And there is a synergistic action with these two agants in combination.     

尼洛替尼联合5-溴汉防己甲素逆转K562/A02细胞耐药的研究

Objective To investigate the reversible effect of nilotinib,BrTet(5-bromotetrandrine)and their combination on multidrug resistance cell line K562/A02 and its mechanism.Methods Cell proliferation inhibition wag assessed by MTT method and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of mdr1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR,and the expression of P-gp was assessed by Western blot.Results After 48 h 5 nmol/L nilotinib or 0.5μmol/L BrTet treatment,IC50 of daunorubicin(DNR)to K562/A02 was 4.52 mg/L or 5.41 mg/L respectively;While on combinative treatment,its IC50 decreased to 2.98mg/L.Nilotinib or BrTer alone was not able to increase the DNR induced apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cell (P>0.05),while on combination treatment the apoptosis rate increased remarkably.After 48 h 5 nmol/Lnilotinib or 0.5 μmol/L BrTet treatment alone,gray-scale value of mdr1 mRNA was 0.48±0.04 or 0.64±0.01,respectively;while on combinative treatment the value decreased to 0.35±0.04.The P-gp expression level in K562/A02 cells was 0.61±0.05.or 0.52±0.02 when treated with 5 nmol/L nilotinib or 0.5 μmol/L BrTet alone for 48 h.but on combination treatment,the level decreased to 0.44±0.03.Conclusion Nilotinib or BrTet alone can partially reverse drug resistance of K562/A02 cells.The mechanism may be associated with the decrease of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp expression and increase of the apoptosis rate.And there is a synergistic action with these two agants in combination.     

CIK逆转K562/ADR细胞多药耐药作用及其机制探讨

目的 研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)体外逆转阿霉素(ADR)耐药细胞株K562/ADR细胞多药耐药(MDR)的作用,并探讨其机制.方法 健康人外周血单个核细胞经细胞因子体外诱导获得CIK,检测其表型和培养上清液细胞因子含量.实验组为CIK作用于K562/ADR细胞48 h后加入ADR;对照1组为CIK作用于K562/ADR细胞48 h,对照2组为ADR作用K562/ADR细胞48 h.采用MTT法检测各组细胞杀伤活性,用流式细胞术检测细胞膜P-糖蛋白(P-gp)含量、细胞内ADR浓度等.结果 实验组对K562/ADR细胞杀伤活性高于对照1组(P＜0.05);且随效靶比增大,杀伤活性增大(P＜0.05);随所加入的ADR浓度增大,杀伤活性无明显变化(P＞0.05).实验组和对照1组的P-gp含量均下降(P＞0.05).实验组细胞内ADR浓度高于仅经ADR作用的对照组2组(P＜0.05),但细胞内ADR浓度与加入的ADR浓度无明显关系(P＞0.05).结论 通过CIK与ADR对K562/ADR细胞的先后作用,降低了其细胞内P-gp的表达,提高了K562/ADR细胞内ADR浓度,增强了ADR对耐药细胞的杀伤活性.为应用生物活性细胞逆转MDR提供理论依据.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells in reversing multidrug resistance(MDR) and increasing intracellular concentration of adriamycin(ADR)in the K562/ADR cells. Methods Peripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from healthy donors and cultured with combined cytokines to generate CIK. The changes of cell phenotype and cytokines secretion of CIK were determined. K562/ADR cells were divided into three groups: ADR in combination CIK (group Ⅰ ), CIK alone (group Ⅱ ) and ADR alone (groupⅢ) . The viability and proliferation of K562/ADR cells were assayed by MTT assay, the intracellular concentration of ADR and the expression of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in K562/ADR cells by FCM. Results The cytotoxicity of ADR in group Ⅰ was higher than that in group Ⅱ ( P ＜0.05 ). The cytotoxicity was increased with the E/T ratio increasing( P ＜0.05 ) but had no relation with the concentration of ADR in group Ⅰ (P＞0.05). The expression of P-gp was declined in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P ＞0.05 ). The intracellular concentration of ADR in group Ⅰ was higher than that in group Ⅱ ( P ＜ 0.05 ), and had no relation with the ADR concentration ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Pre-treatment with CIK can increase the cytotoxicity and the intracellular concentration of ADR and decrease the expression of P-gp in K562/ADR cells in the ADR and CIK combination group. Acute leukemia patients would be most likely to benefit from the combination of chemotherapy and CIK therapy.     

鼠尾草酸逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药的机制研究

目的 探讨鼠尾草酸(Canosic acid,CA)对人类白血病多药耐药(MDR)细胞系K562/A02细胞的逆转作用及机制.方法 MTT法测定CA作用前后K562/A02细胞对阿霉素(ADM)的敏感性.流式细胞术(FCM)和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)测定细胞内ADM的平均荧光强度,计算细胞内ADM浓度.半定量RT-PCR检测细胞mdr1 mRNA表达水平.采用流式细胞术和Western blot 检测细胞膜P糖蛋白(P-gp)表达.结果 CA可将ADM对K562/A02细胞的IC50值由16.31μg/ml降至1.35μg/ml,逆转倍数为12.08倍.流式细胞术检测结果表明CA可将K562/A02细胞内ADM的荧光强度由17.05提高到60.53(P<0.01).LSCM结果显示CA可恢复ADM在K562/A02细胞的细胞核和胞质中的弥散分布,并使细胞内ADM的浓度由4.9 Oμg/ml提高至15.4μg/ml.RT-PCR结果显示K562/A02细胞mdr1 mRNA水平明显高于K562细胞,CA处理后K562/A02细胞mdr1 mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.01).流式细胞术检测K562/A02细胞膜上P-gp的荧光强度在经CA处理后由44.40降至22.80(P<0.05).Western blot结果显示CA处理后的K562/A02细胞膜上P-gp的表达明显降低.结论 在体外,CA可有效逆转人白血病细胞K562/A02的MDR,其逆转耐药的机制可能与P-gp蛋白表达下调并抑制其功能有关.     

HO-1基因表达对伊马替尼耐药的慢性髓系白血病细胞增殖的影响

目的 通过氯高血红素(Hemin)诱导伊马替尼耐药慢性髓系白血病(CML)细胞株K562/A02-IM 中血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)基因表达,探讨HO-1基因对伊马替尼耐药CML细胞增殖的影响,为治疗CML多药耐药及新药的开发提供思路和实验依据.方法 采用RT-PCR法检测20例CML伊马替尼耐药患者骨髓细胞中HO-1基因的表达,半定量RT-PCR法和Western blot法分别检测不同剂量Hemin处理K562/A02-IM细胞不同时间后HO-1的表达,通过Annexin V/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡情况,采用MTT法检测Hemin诱导及锌原卟啉抑制HO-1表达与细胞存活率的关系.结果 RT-PCR结果显示耐药患者骨髓细胞中HO-1基因阳性表达,半定量RT-PCR和Western blot法显示,不同浓度的Hemin(0、10、20及40 μmol/L)处理K562/A02-IM细胞16 h后,HO-1的表达量随Hemin浓度的升高而增加,存在剂量依赖关系,而20 μmol/L Hemin分别处理K562/A02-IM细胞0、8、16、24 h后,HO-1的表达肇在处理16 h组最高.Annexin V/PI法检测显示,0、10、20及40 μmol/L Hemin作用于K562/A02-IM细胞16 h后细胞凋亡率分别为(17.61±0.01)%、(12.13±0.11)%、(7.94±0.03)%和(4.62±0.15)%,其抗凋亡的作用呈剂量依赖性;20 μmol/L Hemin作用K562/A02-IM细胞8、16及24 h的细胞凋亡率分别为(14.72±0.05)%、(8.15±0.07)%和(16.37±0.13)%.MTT法检测显示与对照组相比,Hemin诱导K562/A02-IM细胞HO-1基因表达促进了细胞的增殖,且作用存在剂量依赖关系;而锌原卟啉抑制HO-1的表达,促进了细胞的凋亡(P<0.05).结论 CML伊马替尼耐药患者骨髓细胞HO-1基因阳性表达,HO-1 是一种可诱导表达型基因,具有抗细胞凋亡及促进细胞增殖的作用,抑制HO-1 表达可能成为治疗CML耐药的新方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1 ) expression on cell growth and apoptosis in imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells ( K562/A02-IM) , and explore the relationship between HO-1 gene and CML. Methods The expression of HO-1 in 20 drug-resistant CML patients was detected by RT-PCR. Different concentrations of hemin were used to induce HO-1 expression of K562/A02-IM, HO-1 expression at different time was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining, and MTT assay was used to detect viability of K562/ A02-IM cells after induction or inhibition of HO-1 gene by hemin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP). Results RT-PCR showed that HO-1 was expressed in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs). When treated with hemin at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L) for 16 h, the expression of HO-1 in K562/ A02-IM was increased in a dose-dependent manner, and peaked at 20 μmol/L of hemin for 16 h. The apoptosis rates were (17.61 ±0.01)%, (12. 13 ±0.11)%, (7.94 ±0.03)% and (4.62 ±0. 15)% at 0,10, 20 and 40 μmol/L of hemin respectively for 16 h and were (14. 7 ± 0.05) % , (8. 1 ± 0. 07) % and (16. 3 ± 0. 13)% at 20 μmol/L of hemin treatment for 8,16, and 24 h respectively. Hemin induced apoptosis of K562/A02-IM cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of HO-1 was induced in K562/A02-IM cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the survival of K562/A02-IM cells was significantly increased as compared to that of control group. When HO-1 was inhibited by ZPP, the cells survival was sharply decreased compared to that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion HO-1 was expressed in the BMMNCs. It is a kind of molecules whose expression can be induced and can promote the growth of drug-resistant cells. Inhibition of HO-1 expression probably be used for the treatment of drug-resistant CML.     

韶关市农村留守儿童孤独感状况调查

目的了解广东省韶关市农村地区留守儿童孤独感现状及其影响因素。方法对韶关市某地区两所农村小学3～6年级学生中的489名留守儿童采用儿童孤独量表和自编调查表进行问卷调查。结果17．6％留守儿童存在孤独感,不同性别孤独感发生率无差异性,不同年龄及不同年级间孤独感发生率差异均有极显著性（P〈0.01）;随年级增加,孤独感发生率呈下降趋势（X^2趋势=5．970,P〈0.05）。留守儿童孤独感与健康状况、学习成绩、学习困难程度、父母教育方式、父母间关系和老师教育方式等因素显著相关（P〈0.01～0．05）。结论农村地区留守儿童中存在一定程度的孤独感问题,老师和家长应以正确的态度和方法对待留守儿童,以减少其孤独感的发生。     

产科新生儿不同部位经皮测黄报警预值的可靠性观察

目的对比观察产科新生儿不同部位经皮胆红素（TCB）报警预值的可靠性。方法132例产科新生儿采取随机数字分组法分为正常产组和剖宫产组各66例,新生儿均于产后第4天同一时间点应用KJ8000经皮测黄仪分别测量额、胸、腹、额胸、额胸腹TCB值,TCB〉12．9mg／dl者,取得亲属同意抽取静脉血检测血清胆红素（SB）,对比分析不同部位TCB及其与sB值的差异。结果两组分别有17例或21例达到TCB报警预值。两组TCB或sB相同方法及相同部位比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组TCB不同部位对比,额部值最低、胸部值最高,且与其他部位同组对比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组sB值对比差异无统计学意义（t=1．53,P〉0．05）,与不同部位TCB对比均以胸部数值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而与其他部位TCB两组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论正常产与剖宫产新生儿术后sB对比差异无意义;TCB动态监测以胸部结果更接近SB。     

Determination of loss of quality of life

Physiatrists are a valuable resource in legal settings, where assessment of functional capacity to perform work and of future medical needs must be determined. Physiatrists help determine what future medical care is needed to restore and maintain an individual at the maximum level of life function. This article focuses on the use of a quality of life (QOL) rehabilitation model, rather than a medical model, for enhancing functional performance, modifying environments, and facilitating patient coping. We discuss use of the QOL model to describe and influence a patient's physical, psychological, cognitive, vocational/economic, and social/leisure domains.     

血液透析患者家庭护理提供者的生活质量调查

目的:了解江汉油田血液透析(血液透析)患者家庭护理提供者(护理者)的生活质量。方法:对60例血液透析患者的家庭护理提供者进行一般情况和生活质量综合评定问卷(QOLI-74)调查,并进行相关性和多因素回归分析。结果:家庭护理提供者各维度的主观生活满意度与其客观指标相关,但也与其需求、年龄、文化程度、与患者的关系有关。结论:客观状态是影响主观生活满意度的重要因素,同时应考虑护理者的需求、年龄、文化程度、与患者的关系对护理者主观生活满意度的影响。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗失眠疗效观察

失眠症又称不寐，指入睡困难，或维持睡眠障碍（易醒、早醒和再入睡困难）导致睡眠时间减少或睡眠质量下降，不能满足身体生理需要，明显影响日间社会功能和生活质量。现将星状神经节阻滞治疗失眠疗效观察总结如下。