带血管蒂腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移重建髌腱的长期随访

目的 总结胫骨近端侵袭性骨肿瘤广泛切除假体置换手术,应用带血管蒂腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移重建髌腱的长期随访结果.方法 胫骨近端肉瘤广泛切除后,应用带血管蒂腓肠肌瓣转移重建髌腱附着,长期随访及评估伸膝动力和并发症.结果 临床治疗69例,对45例生存患者平均随访68.6(24～128)个月,局部复发率8.7%(6/69),伸膝肌力平均4.2级(3.6～5.0),膝关节屈曲平均95°(75°～135°),伸膝平均-2°(0°～12°),5例膝关节不能完全伸直;患肢MSTS功能评分为77%(23.1/30),外观正常.结论 在胫骨近端侵袭性骨肿瘤保肢术中,应用带血管蒂腓肠肌瓣转移重建髌腱,能够恢复伸膝力量,改善软组织覆盖和患肢功能.     

带血管蒂腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移重建髌腱的长期随访

Objective To evaluate the long following-up outcome of the medial gastrocnemius muscle transferring reconstruction the patella tendon after the wide resection of aggressive bone tumors in the proximal tibia. Methods With the 69 patients of the osteogenetic sarcoma in the proximal tibia were treated with the wide resection and reconstruction the patella tendon. After the long following up the knee extensor,function and complications were evaluated. Results With the 69 patients, the 45 survival patients were followed up for the average 68.6 (24-128) months. The local recurrence rate was 8.7%(6/69). The strength of knee extending was in the average of grade 4.2(3.6-5.0), the degree of knee flexion was in the average of 95°(75°-135°), the degree of knee extension was in the average of-2°(0°-12°), the knees of five patients cannot fully extension. The MSTS functional score was in the average of 77% (23.1/30). Conclusion During the limb salvage of the proximal tibial aggressive bone tumors, the medial gastrocnemius muscle transferring reconstruction the patella tendon could offer the knee extension strength; improve the soft tissue coverage and functional results.     

半腱肌及腓肠肌内侧头联合转移重建后交叉韧带

在膝关节韧带结构中，后交叉韧带最为强大。它是膝关节屈伸及旋转活动的主要稳定结构，相当于膝关节旋转活动轴。单纯性后交叉韧带断裂，不仅造成膝关节直向不稳，还可导致膝关节旋转和侧向不稳，从而严重影响膝关节正常功能，保守治疗及各种静力重建疗效都不十分理想〔１...     

腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣移植结合负压引流治疗小腿软组织损伤

观察应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移结合负压引流治疗小腿毁损伤临床效果.应用腓肠肌内侧头肌移位肌瓣移植结合负压引流二期游离植皮12例,修复创面最大18 cm×10 cm,最小10 cm×6 cm.随访6～36个月.肌瓣全部成活,3例游离皮片少许坏死,经换药后愈合.术后肌瓣肿胀明显,半年后肢体外形恢复,1年后骨折愈合.下肢恢复负重行走.应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移负压吸引治疗小腿毁损软组织缺损骨外露创面可获得良好的临床疗效.     

带跟腱的腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣修复膝前软组织与髌腱缺损

目的：探讨膝部皮肤软组织髌腱缺损的修复方法。方法：利用带跟腱的排肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣移位进行修复，其中跟腱重建髌腱，肌皮瓣覆盖皮肤软组织缺损。临床应用13例（14肢）。结果：平均随访48．4月,样节活动正常。除1例膝部功能轻度受限外（原发损伤广泛合并复杂骨折），余功能基本正常。结论：该方法治疗此类损伤符合生理要求，且重建修复手术一次完成。     

腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣联合植皮修复髌前软组织缺损

目的 探讨腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣联合游离植皮修复髌前软组织缺损的临床应用效果.方法 应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣修复8例外伤性髌前软组织缺损伴骨外露患者,肌瓣表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合.结果 肌瓣移植术后过程顺利,肌瓣和其上游离植皮全部成活,取得了较满意效果.2例术后发生小的创缘表浅感染,经敷料交换治疗逐渐愈合.随访1...     

腓肠肌内侧头肌腱前移重建髌韧带的解剖及临床应用

目的 报道腓肠肌内侧头肌腱前移重建髌韧带缺损新的修复方法 . 方法 通过对30侧下肢标本解剖观测腓肠肌内侧头肌腱的形态和血供来源,设计了以腓肠内侧头血管供血带肌蒂的腓肠肌内侧头肌腱前移重建髌腱缺损的术式.临床应用4例. 结果 全部病例随访2～8个月.膝关节伸直功能恢复满意,无再断裂并发症.1例因膝关节骨缺损伸直170°,屈曲120°,有轻度跛行. 结论 带肌蒂的腓肠肌内侧头肌腱前移重建髌腱缺损有术式简单、再造髌腱外形结构接近正常、受区损伤小等优点.腓肠肌内侧头肌腱前移为髌腱缺损修复提供了一种良好的方法 .     

VSD联合腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移术在胫骨创伤性骨髓炎治疗中的应用

创伤性骨髓炎是骨折以后由于局部的血供不良和死腔残留导致的骨组织感染,其以致病菌的持续存在、低反应性炎症、死骨出现以及窦道形成为特征性表现 [1].笔者自2005年1月～2010年8月共收治慢性胫骨创伤性骨髓炎32例,应用封闭负压引流(VSD)联合腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移术予以治疗,患者愈合顺利,随访期内骨髓炎无复发.     

自体半腱肌移植在髌腱陈旧性断裂中的应用研究

目的自体半腱肌移植在髌腱陈旧性断裂中的应用研究。方法对11例髌腱陈旧性断裂采用自体半腱肌移植重建。结果 11例随访12～36个月,平均22个月。切口均一期愈合。膝关节活动度及股四头肌肌力均恢复至伤前水平。患者均非常满意手术效果。采用Lysholm评分评估,均为优秀(平均96分)。结论采用自体半腱肌移植修复髌腱陈旧性断裂具有创伤小、牢固可靠、强度好、可早期康复、股四头肌力量恢复好,无需内固定等优点,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

Combined flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer and gastrocnemius recession for reconstruction of gapped chronic achilles tendon ruptures

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the functional outcomes after a combined FHL transfer and a gastrocnemius recession for treatment of chronic ruptures of Achilles tendon with a gap and to investigate the patient's satisfaction about the great toe function after transfer.Material and methods19 patients with chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon with a gap were treated with a flexor halluces longus tendon transfer combined with a gastrocnemius recession, Clinical diagnosis depends on the presence of gap in the tendon on examination, inability of tip toe walking on the affected side and positive calf-squeeze test, MRI was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society hind foot score was used for assessment of the results.ResultsThe AOFAS score improved significantly from a mean of 65 preoperatively to 94 at the last follow up (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the final outcome between patients with FHL tendon weaved through the stump of the Achilles tendon and those with trans osseous tunnels, the mean AOFAS score at the last follow up was 94.2, 93.8 respectively, no patient complained of big toe dysfunction.ConclusionManagement of chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon with a gap with flexor halluces longus tendon transfer combined with a gastrocnemius recession is a safe and reliable method with a significantly improved functional outcome, muscle advancement through gastrocnemius recession decreases the length of the gap without affecting the muscle function, flexor halluces longus tendon transfer doesn't harm the big toe function.     

锚钉联合腓骨短肌腱加强跖肌腱覆盖治疗激素性跟腱断裂

目的：探讨锚钉联合腓骨短肌腱加强跖肌腱覆盖治疗激素性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法：自2005年3月至2010年4月,采用锚钉联合腓骨短肌腱加强跖肌腱覆盖治疗激素性跟腱断裂患者10例,其中男8例,女2例;年龄21—68岁,平均（46．80±2．83）岁。术后观察并发症的情况,踝关节活动范围和末次随访患足连续的足跟抬起和单腿跳的个数。跟腱功能恢复情况根据美国足踝外科协会踝一后足评分（aoFAS）评分系统进行评估。结果：10例患者获得随访,平均随访时间为13．5个月（12—18个月）。伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无伤口感染、跟腱再断裂及排斥反应等并发症发生。末次随访时患足踝关节活动范围（54．5±6．3）°,与健足（56．8±3．8）°比较差异无统计学意义（t=0．989,P=0．336）;患足可进行10个连续的足跟抬起和单腿跳。术前AOFAS评分（67．3±7．6）,与术后（95．5±7．6）比较差异有统计学意义（t=8．297,P-0．000）,患足功能评分95．5±7．6,与健足98．5±6．3比较差异无统计学意义（t=0．961,P=0．349）。跟腱功能恢复情况：优9例,良1例。结论：锚钉联合腓骨短肌腱加强跖肌腱覆盖治疗激素性跟腱断裂手术操作简单、固定牢固、并发症少,是一种较可靠而有效的治疗方法。     

自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后肌腱再生的MRI研究

目的应用MRI观察半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱取材重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)后肌腱再生情况。方法对2007年9月-2009年9月,52例采用单侧自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建ACL患者进行研究。男29例,女23例;年龄19～42岁,平均31.6岁。左膝34例,右膝18例。损伤原因:交通事故伤11例,运动伤38例,重物砸伤2例,其他伤1例。伤后至手术时间为6d～31个月,中位时间为11.4个月。关节疼痛19例,关节不稳28例,关节肿胀5例。股部肌肉萎缩(双股部周径差>1cm)7例,关节活动部分受限2例。浮髌试验阳性5例,Lachman试验阳性51例,轴移试验阳性49例,前抽屉试验均为阳性。膝关节活动度为(127.77±5.73)°,Lysholm评分为(52.40±3.45)分,国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分为(49.50±4.08)分。合并内侧半月板损伤23例,外侧半月板损伤6例,滑膜皱襞2例,游离体1例。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均14.9个月。术后12个月时前抽屉试验均呈阴性,Lachman试验阳性1例,轴移试验阳性1例。膝关节活动度为(131.91±1.81)°,Lysholm评分为(94.98±2.77)分,IKDC评分为(93.65±2.42)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月,屈膝90°抗阻力试验检查显示39例腘窝内侧可见绷紧的组织条带;MRI检查提示:10例半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱均有再生,29例半腱肌腱再生、股薄肌腱未再生,2例半腱肌腱未再生、股薄肌腱再生,11例半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱均未再生。半腱肌腱再生率为75.0%(39/52),股薄肌腱再生率为23.1%(12/52),总半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱再生率为78.8%(41/52)。结论半腱肌腱及股薄肌腱取材重建ACL后MRI检查提示部分患者有肌腱再生现象。     

携带部分腓骨长肌腱的腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜与脂肪筋膜复合皮瓣修复伴有跟腱缺损的小腿下段组织缺损

目的 在解剖学研究基础上,探讨以携带部分腓骨长肌腱的腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜与脂肪筋膜复合皮瓣,修复伴有跟腱缺损的小腿下段难治性组织缺损的可行性.方法 在前期临床应用腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜与脂肪筋膜瓣联合转移修复跟后、小腿下段及踝周难治性深度组织缺损的基础上,改进为腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜与脂肪筋膜及腓骨长肌腱复合皮瓣,用于修复伴有跟腱缺损的小腿下段难治性组织缺损.结果 2006年以来应用携带部分腓骨长肌腱的腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜与脂肪筋膜复合皮瓣修复伴有跟腱缺损的小腿下段难治性组织缺损6例,设计应用复合皮瓣最大达5 cm×5cm,携带腓骨长肌腱最长达5 cm.术后除1例供区移植皮片与皮瓣蒂部交界处部分表皮糜烂延迟愈合外,其余病例复合皮瓣完全成活.术后随访5个月至2年,功能、外形恢复满意.结论 腓骨肌腱鞘筋膜及腓骨长肌腱复合皮瓣血供可靠,就近取材,手术简便,供区损伤少,是I临床修复伴有跟腱缺损的小腿下段中小面积难治性组织缺损创面的理想选择.     

New technique for knee flexion contracture with patella infera using patellar tendon reconstruction combined with anterior capsular shift: a case report

A 24-year-old male presented with an open fracture of the left patella (Gustilo–Anderson grade III-A) and fracture of the left femoral lateral condyle, and subsequent patella alta suggesting rupture of the left patellar tendon. This initial injury was treated 6 months earlier in another hospital. He was referred because of limited knee motion and radiographs showed severe patella infera. By means of a combination of a contralateral BTB graft and soft tissue repair named anterior capsular shift, the knee contracture with patella infera was resolved successfully. All devices used in this article were approved by Organization of the Ministry of Health, Labourand Welfare in Japan.     

Comparison of patella tendon versus patella tendon/kennedy ligament augmentation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Study of results, morbidity, and complications

In a study designed to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing patellar tendon bone-tendon-bone intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions with the polypropylene braid ligament augmentation device (Kennedy LAD; 3M, Minneapolis, MN), 75 consecutive patients treated between July 1988 and January 1990 with isolated ACL disruptions in whom no associated ligament injury was present were offered the LAD as part of their preoperative consent. Interference screws at both bone plugs were used. Group I was composed of 25 patients (10 acute, 15 chronic) with ACL disruptions who had the LAD added to their reconstruction. Group II was composed of 50 patients (24 acute, 26 chronic) who underwent an identical surgical procedure except that the LAD was not used. Objective and subjective assessments were made throughout the postoperative course, with the longest follow-up an average of 24 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis of these findings failed to show any statistically significant differences between the groups. Complications that occurred among the augmented group included infection, synovitis, effusion, and recurrence of instability, intraarticular adhesions, hemarthrosis, and painful hardware. This study demonstrates that the LAD added to the morbidity and severity in this series. It does not seem to improve results and is therefore not recommended for use in this manner.     

关节镜下髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的 比较关节镜下采用髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2009年12月我科采用关节镜下异体移植物单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的108例患者的临床资料,其中六股异体腘绳肌腱58例(腘绳肌腱组),异体髌韧带50例(髌韧带组).术后应用Lachman和pivot-shift试验以及KT-1000评估膝关节稳定性,按照国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm膝关节评分评价膝关节功能.结果 术后患者随访时间12～38个月,平均为28.6个月.腘绳肌腱组KT-1000检查示双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异为(1.2±1.2)mm,显著小于髌韧带组(1.8±1.5)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腘绳肌腱组轴移试验阴性55例(94.8%),阳性3例(5.2%),髌韧带组阴性41例(82.0%),阳性9例(18.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后腘绳肌腱组和髌韧带组IKDC评分为(90±5)分和(89±5)分,Lysholm评分为(94±5)分和(93±6)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下单束重建前交叉韧带采用六股异体腘绳肌腱较髌韧带能够明显提高膝关节稳定性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the outcome of arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon allograft.Methods From October 2006 to December 2009,108 patients with arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed,with 58 patients with six-strand hamstring tendon(Group H),and 50 patients with patellar tendon allograft(Group P).Patients were available for clinical evaluation with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements,Lachman and pivot-shift test,and knee function with the Internationa]Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Lysholm scores.Results All the patients were followed up at an average of 28.6 months(range 12-38 months).The average side-to-side difference was lesser for group H(1.2 ± 1.2)mm than group P(1.8 ±1.5)mm(P＜0.05).On the pivot-shift test,55(94.8%)patients were negative and 3(5.2%)were positive in group H,whereas 41(82.0%)were negative and 9(18.0%)were positive in group P,with significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).All knee function scores were improved postoperatively,without statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon will achieve better knee stability than patellar tendon allograft.