体外膜肺氧合辅助后高胆红素血症的临床意义

Objective The incidence of post-operative hyperbilimbinemia, which is associated with poor outcomes in patients, was reported to be increased in recent years though it has been a rare complication for cardiac operations. Post-opera-tive impairment of liver function is highlighted. We evaluated the incidence and prognosis of post-operative hyperbiliruhinemia in adult patients who underwent cardiotomy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods Sixty-five adult patients who had received ECMO support after cardiac surgery from 2004 to 2008 were enrolled and evaluated retrospec-tively. Post-oporative hypethilirubinemia was defined as the serum level of the total bilirubin more than 51.3 μmol/L during postoperative period. Demographic and clinical data included gender, age, types of surgery, perioperative hemodynamic param-eters, biochemical variables, duration of the ventilation support, ICU stay and outcomes. Results The mean age of the pa-tients was (50.1 ± 13.9) years, forty-six patients(70.8%) were male. The main cardiac procedures were heart transplanta-tion for 9 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operations for 47 patients, congenital heart disease correction for 4 patients and other operations for 5 patients. Among all patients, fifty-one patients(78.5%) were weaned from ECMO succeas-fully and thirty-thrce patients were discharged from hospital. The overall mortality rate was 49.2%. Overall incidence of post-operative hyperbilirubinemia was 55.4%. In patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, the mean peak value for serum to-tal bilirubin was 104.8 (68.5-156.7) μmol/l. The hospital mortality in the hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that in the non-hyperbilirubinemia group(66.7% vs. 27.6%, P <0.01). Moreover, postoperative hypethilirubinemia (adds ratio = 3. 895, 95% confidence interval, 1.088 - 13.947 ; P = 0.037) and SOFA score (odds ratio = 1.214, 95% confidence interval, 0.987 - 1.494, P = 0.047) and APACHE Ⅲ score (odds ratio = 1.096, 95% confidence interval, 1.028 - 1.169 ; P = 0.004) were associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for preoperative levels of the total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, gender and age. Conclusion Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is one of the complications in adult patients who undergo cardiotomy with ECMO support, and is associated with increased hospital mortality.     

体外膜式氧合在成人心脏病患者中的应用

Objective To explore the experience on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adult patients with cardiac failure. Methods From February 2005 to June 2008, 45 patients (male 34, female 11) undergoing cardiogenic shock required temporary ECMO support. Average age was (49.0±14.1) years. Average body weight was (67.0±12.8) kg. Coronary heart disease occupied in 21 cases, valve disease occupied in 8 cases, and cardiomyopathy occupied in 7 cases. All the patients could be divided into 3 groups: post-cardiotomy (group 1, n=31), post-transplantation (group 2, n=5), decompensate of chronic heart failure (group 3, n=9). Fourteen patients need cardiac resuscitation before ECMO support. ECMO implantation was performed through the femoral vessels or axillary artery or through the right atrium and ascending aorta. Results Average support duration of ECMO was (126.7± 104.3) h. Twenty-seven patients could be successfully weaned from support (60.0%), additionally, 5 were bridged to heart transplantation. The in-hospital mortality was 42. 2% (19/45). Twenty-six patients (57.8%) could be successfully discharged. The discharge rate was 58. 1% in group 1,4/5 in group 2 and was 4/9 in group 3. Twelve patients were re-operated for hemostasia. Three patients need femoral arterial thrombectomy because of ischemia of lower extremity. Additional intra-aortic balloon pumps were used in 11 patients, with 6 patients successfully discharged. The mortality rate for patients with acute renal failure treated by continuous renal replacement therapy under ECMO support was obviously high (7/9). The dominant mode of death was multisystem organ failure (9/19). Conclusion Early indication, control of complications, and paying attention to the treatment after ECMO support could improve our results with increasing experience.     

Open versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in the elderly population

AIM:To compare short term outcomes of elective laparoscopic and open right hemicolectomy(RH) in an elderly population.METHODS:All patients over the age of 70 undergoing elective RH at Ninewells Hospital and Perth Royal Infirmary between January 2006 and May 2011 were included in our analysis.Operative details,hospital length of stay,morbidity and mortality was collected by way of proforma from a dedicated prospective database.An extracorporeal anastomosis was performed routinely in the laparoscopic group.The primary endpoints for analysis were morbidity and mortality.Our secondary endpoints were operative duration,length of hospital stay and discharge destination.RESULTS:Two hundred and six patients were included in our analysis.One hundred and twenty-five patients underwent an open resection and 81 patients had a laparoscopic resection.The mean operating time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group(139 ± 36 min vs 197 ± 53 min,P = 0.001).The mean length of hospital stay was similar in both groups(11.2 ± 7.8 d vs 9.6 ± 10.7 d,P = 0.28).The incidence of postoperative morbidities was 27% in the open group and 38% in the laparoscopic group(P = 0.12).Overall inhospital mortality was 0.8% in open procedures vs 1% in laparoscopic.CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic RH was associated with a significantly longer operative time compared to open RH.In our study,laparoscopic RH was not associated with reduced post-operative morbidity or significantly shorter length of hospital stay.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

Laparoscopic approach in complicated diverticular disease

AIM: To analyze the results of laparoscopic colectomy in complicated diverticular disease.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at an academic teaching hospital. Data were collected from a database established earlier, which comprise of all patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for diverticular disease between 2000 and 2013. The series was divided into two groups that were compared: Patients with complicated disease(abscess, perforation, fistula, or stenosis)(G1) and patients undergoing surgery for recurrent diverticulitis(G2). Recurrent diverticulitis was defined as two or more episodes of diverticulitis regardless of patient age. Data regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, prior abdominal operations, history of acute diverticulitis, classification of acute diverticulitis at index admission and intra and postoperative variables were extracted. Univariate analysis was performed in both groups.RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty patients were included: 28%(72 patients) belonged to G1 and 72%(188 patients) to G2. The mean age was 57(27-89) years. The average number of episodes of diverticulitis before surgery was 2.1(r 0-10); 43 patients had no previous inflammatory pathology. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to conversion rate and hospital stay(G1 18% vs G2 3.2%, P = 0.001; G1: 4.7 d vs G2 3.3 d, P < 0.001). The anastomotic dehiscence rate was 2.3%, with no statistical difference between the groups(G1 2.7% vs G2 2.1%, P = 0.5). There were no differences in demographic data(body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology and previous abdominal surgery), operative time and intraoperative and postoperative complications between the groups. The mortality rate was 0.38%(1 patient), represented by a death secondary to septic shock in G2.CONCLUSION: The results support that the laparoscopic approach in any kind of complicated diverticular disease can be performed with low morbidity and acceptable conversion rates when compared with patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for recurrent diverticulitis.     

心脏外科手术后体外膜肺治疗50例

目的 总结50例成人心脏外科术后体外膜肺治疗的临床经验,并尝试确定院内死亡的预测因子.方法 2004年至2008年,50例心脏外科术后病人接受体外膜肺治疗.记录病人基本资料,体外膜肺建立时的临床特征,并发症及院内死亡比例,以逻辑回归计算院内死亡的预测因子.结果 38例病人脱机,33例出院,生存比例66%.经逻辑回归计算,体外膜肺建立前的乳酸水平为院内死亡的预测因子.结论 体外膜肺可治疗心脏手术后顽固性心源性休克及呼吸功能异常.

Abstract：

Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a cardiopulmonary supportive therapy. Since 2004, our institution has adopted venoarterial ECMO for adult patients who otherwise could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and patients experiencing postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock and/or pulmonary dysfunction unresponsive to conventional treatment algorithms. In this study, we reviewed our experience with ECMO support and tried to identify measurable values which might predict in-hospital mortality. Methods From January 2004 through December 2008, 50 of 21,298 adult patients received VA ECMO. We retrospectively analyzed clinical records of these 50 consecutive patients. Demographics, preoperative measurements, clinical characteristics at the time of ECMO implantation, ECMO related complications and in-hospital mortality were collected. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors of mortality. A p value ≤0. 05 was accepted as significant. Results Mean ECMO duration was ( 110 ± 17 ) hours. 38 patients were weaned from ECMO and 33 patients survived upon discharge. The overall survival was 66%. In univariate analyses, duration of ECMO support, receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to ECMO setup, ECMO setup in ICU, pre-ECMO plasma lactate level, infection, lower limbs ischemia, renal failure, experiencing at least one ECMO related complications were all associated with in-hospital death. In a multiple logistic regression adjusted for other factors mentioned above, blood lactate level before initiation of ECMO was a risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 1. 27 95% CI 1. 042-1. 542 ). To evaluate the utility of pre-ECMO lactate in predicting mortality, a conventional receiver operating characteristic curve was produced. Sensitivity and specificity were optimal at a cut-off point of 12.6 mmol/L, with an AUC of 0. 752. The positive and negative predictive values were 73.3% and 83.9% respectively. Conclusion ECMO is a justifiable alternative treatment for postoperative refractory cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction which could rescue more than 60 percent of otherwise fatal patients. Patients with pre-ECMO lactate above 12.6mmol/L are at higher risks for in-hospital death. Evidence based therapy for this group of high risk patients is needed.