CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗脊柱结核

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗脊柱结核的价值。材料和方法:48例脊柱结核,在CT引导下进行病灶活检、病灶清除、灌注引流和持续局部抗结核药物冲洗。用CT扫描复查判断疗效。结果:全部病例穿刺成功。经过20~81天的置管持续灌注引流及局部灌注抗结核药物治疗,病变由治疗前的椎体骨质破坏、椎间隙狭窄、椎旁脓肿形成,变为治疗后椎体骨硬化,椎体间骨桥形成,脓肿缩小或消失。随访8个月~5年,病变无复发。结论:CT引导下穿刺治疗脊柱结核是一种较为安全、有效的方法,CT扫描复查对判断疗效和预后起重要作用。     

CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术的应用

目的观察CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的疗效和临床应用价值。方法对临床诊断明确并经实验室及影像学检查证实的36例患者在CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流,术中置管,术后定时冲洗并积极进行有效的抗生素治疗。结果 36例肝脓肿患者经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗后,临床症状消失,无并发症发生,经B型超声或CT复查脓肿消失,全部治愈出院。结论 CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术具有操作简便、手术创伤小、住院费用低、疗效肯定等优点,是临床治疗肝脓肿的有效方法之一。     

CT定位穿刺置管引流治疗细菌性肝脓肿的临床价值

目的 评价CT定位穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的疗效.方法 回顾性分析经临床随访确诊的27例肝脓肿患者,所有患者均在发病1周内行CT定位下穿刺置管,对肝脓肿行持续引流及抗生素冲洗,随访观察分析治疗效果.结果 27例肝脓肿患者经过置管引流冲洗后,1月内症状消失,治愈率达100％,疗效满意.结论 CT定位下穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿创伤小、疗效确切,有较高的临床价值,值得推广.     

CT引导下肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术的探讨

目的 探讨CT引导下肝脓肿穿刺引流术的方法和疗效.方法 本组20例肝脓肿患者,均经临床、生化和影像学(CT)检查确诊为肝脓肿,行CT引导下定位穿刺抽吸并置管引流.脓肿位于肝左叶6例,肝右叶9例,肝2叶5例.结果 14例为单个脓肿,6例为多发脓肿,单个脓肿经1次抽吸后脓肿完全消失9例,1例经2次抽吸基本消失,多发或多房脓肿穿刺先抽较大脓肿,后抽较小脓肿,或分次抽吸,20例均放置引流管并冲洗,平均引流置管时间为19.2 d,所有患者至随访截止日未见复发.结论 CT引导下穿刺抽吸引流足治疗肝脓肿的非常有效的方法.     

CT引导置管引流治疗单发性腹膜后脓肿

目的探讨单发性腹膜后脓肿CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗的疗效。方法回顾性总结采用CT引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗的13例腹膜后单发性脓肿,脓肿位于胰尾部4例,胰头旁3例,肾周间隙3例,肾后间隙2例,腰大肌旁1例;脓肿最大径3.5～8.0cm。结果8例患者行1次穿刺引流,3例行2次穿刺引流,2例行3次穿刺引流。13例患者平均引流16d,经过临床、超声及CT随访未发现残存感染灶或复发。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗腹膜后脓肿疗效确切、创伤小。     

经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿5例

目的：了解经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的临床观察。方法：5例在影像引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗,本组5例,男3例,女2例;年龄46~68岁。均进行CT及临床确诊。结果：成功为5例患者在影像引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿,总有效率100%。结论：经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿方法直接、安全、简便、有效,是目前治疗肝脓肿最有发展前景、值得推广的好方法。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗阑尾周围脓肿

目的 评价CT引导下经皮穿刺引流阑尾周围脓肿的安全性和效果. 资料与方法 38例阑尾周围脓肿患者接受CT导向下经皮穿刺引流.回顾性分析患者的临床资料、置管数目、引流量、带管时间、并发症和随访结果. 结果 对5例脓肿＜4 cm者行细针单独抽吸,另33例各经皮置入一根引流管;引流脓液25～270 ml,平均80 ml;带管6～24天,平均9天;无严重并发症发生;随访31例,2例复发给予抗生素治愈. 结论 对液化完全且局限的阑尾周围脓肿,CT引导下经皮穿刺引流安全有效.     

超声引导穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的临床应用及护理

目的:探讨了超声引导经皮穿刺置管引流冲洗与直接冲洗治疗肝脓肿的临床应用价值及护理。方法:对52例肝脓肿患者,63个病灶行超声引导经皮穿刺,小于5cm的脓肿直接穿刺抽吸治疗,大于5cm的肝脓肿置管引流。同时做好术前准备,全身支持营养,心理护理。临床应用效果良好。结果:52例患者的63个病灶完全治愈,穿刺术后24小时无不良反应,4周治愈率达到78%,8周治愈率达到83%,6个月治愈率达到100%,无护理并发症。结论:超声引导经皮穿刺置管引流抽吸冲洗治疗肝脓肿,方法简单,安全有效,创伤小,可取代外科手术治疗肝脓肿。细致周到的护理是治疗成功的重要保证。     

CT引导下置管引流治疗胃癌切除术后胃肠道瘘

【摘要】目的：评价CT引导下置管引流治疗胃癌切除术后胃肠道瘘的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2009年7月-2013年12月共17例胃癌切除术后吻合口瘘及十二指肠残端瘘患者的病例资料,所有病例均行CT引导下经皮穿刺放置引流管交替冲洗引流或持续冲洗引流,并结合持续胃肠减压、抗感染、肠外、肠内营养支持等综合治疗措施进行治疗。结果：所有病例均在CT引导下顺利置入引流管,7例置入单根引流管,10例置入两根引流管。16例(94%)经过引流结合抗感染、营养支持等治疗4～12周后CT复查原积液逐渐吸收、消失,消化道碘水造影显示胃空肠吻合口瘘及食管空肠吻合口瘘闭合,CT扫描显示十二指肠残端瘘残端周围积液腔吸收、消失。16例随访3～6个月胃肠道瘘无复发,1例食管空肠吻合口瘘经穿刺引流及再次手术后仍死于严重感染。结论：CT引导下经皮穿刺放置引流管结合营养支持等综合治疗是胃癌切除术后胃肠道瘘的有效治疗手段,尤其是多根引流管结合生理盐水冲洗引流可能有助于提高引流效果,促进瘘口愈合。      

CT引导下经皮局部持续异烟肼灌注冲洗联合臭氧吹注治疗脊柱结核脓肿的临床应用研究

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮病灶清除、局部持续异烟肼灌注冲洗联合臭氧吹注治疗脊柱结核脓肿的临床疗效.方法 69例脊柱结核并脓肿的患者均给予全身化疗并随机分为三组.21例患者进行CT引导下经皮穿刺病灶清除术,作为对照组.23例患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺病灶清除术,术后原结核病灶部位及脓肿部位放置灌注冲洗管进行灌注冲洗和持续局部异烟肼化疗,作为治疗A组.25例患者在CT引导下经皮病灶清除、局部持续异烟肼灌注冲洗的同时给予臭氧吹注治疗,作为治疗B组.治疗后CT复查,观察所有患者的脓肿吸收情况.结果 相同时间治疗后(90±20)天,对照组中脓肿完全吸收者1例,显效者3例,有效者7例,有效率约为52％,治疗A组中脓肿完全吸收者2例,显效者6例,有效者8例,有效率约为70％.治疗B组中,脓肿完全吸收者5例,显效者9例,有效者7例,有效率约为84％.三组的治疗有效率之间的差异具有统计学意义(P =0.001),治疗A组和B组的有效率均显著高于对照组(P =0.001),而治疗B组的有效率显著高于治疗A组(P =0.001).结论 CT引导下经皮病灶清除、局部持续异烟肼灌注冲洗联合臭氧吹注治疗脊柱结核脓肿疗效显著、痛苦小,无明显副作用,具有在临床上广泛应用的前景.     

Percutaneous management of complications of tuberculous spondylodiscitis: short- to medium-term results

Purpose

Psoas abscesses are the most frequent complication of tuberculosis with skeletal involvement. The aim of this paper is to report our experience with the systematic application of percutaneous drainage to tuberculous psoas abscesses.

Materials and methods

Between January 1997 and December 2005, 23 patients (14 men and nine women; age range 21–48 years), after a previous study with computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, underwent percutaneous drainage of a tuberculous fluid collection in the psoas muscles. Follow-up consisted of monthly clinical and laboratory assessment, and plain chest radiography and spinal CT every 6–12 months.

Results

Spondylodiscitis involved the thoracolumbar spine. Fluid collections were bilateral in 14 cases and communicating in ten of these. Maximum transverse diameter was 7 cm, whereas longitudinal diameter was 14 cm. Placement of the drainage catheter was successful in all cases, and the catheter was left in place for 5–36 (mean 18.4) days. Symptom regression occurred immediately after drainage of the fluid collection. The drainage procedure was curative in 100% of cases. Dislodgement of the drainage catheter occurred in two cases as a result of excessive traction during dressing removal.

Conclusions

A serious complication of bone tuberculosis, psoas abscesses, can be effectively treated by percutaneous drainage, leading to immediate pain resolution. The drainage catheter requires daily monitoring to identify when it can be safely removed without risk of recurrence.     

Contribution of computed tomography guided percutaneous drainage of tuberculous cold abscesses adjunctive to pharmaceutical anti-tubercular treatment

Purpose

To determine the efficiency and safety of the percutaneous aspiration and drainage of rare touberculous cold abscesses under CT guidance.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively studied 63 cases of 44 patients, treated in our hospital during the last two years. They suffered from tuberculous infection complicated with tuberculous cold abscesses variously located. All these patients underwent percutaneous aspiration and drainage under CT imaging, following the trocar puncture technique. The catheter remained in place for about a week. A follow up CT scan was performed in all cases before the catheter removal. Some of the patients were under anti tuberculosis medication.

Results

All the patients had a successful recovery from the abscesses. There were no major or minor complications observed. No recurrence occurred until today.

Conclusion

CT guided percutaneous aspiration and drainage of tuberculous cold abscesses is a safe, minimal invasive and effective method of treatment. Drainage and specific antituberculosis therapy leads to a satisfactory conclusion.     

脊柱结核与脊柱转移瘤的多排螺旋CT鉴别诊断

目的分析脊柱转移瘤和脊柱结核的CT表现,探讨二者的CT鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析我院2005～2011年经手术、病理及临床证实的脊柱结核与转移瘤40例,观察椎体、附件骨、椎间盘破坏方式,椎旁、椎管内脓肿的范围及脊髓受压情况,分析两组患者的CT影像学表现。结果 26例脊柱结核CT表现为骨质破坏、高密度死骨形成、椎体压缩、椎间盘破坏、椎旁、腰大肌脓肿、或椎管狭窄等症状;14例脊柱转移瘤征象是椎骨骨质破坏、增生或两者并存;以溶骨性破坏多见,常伴有椎旁软组织肿块形成,椎体引起压缩。结论多层螺旋CT能对脊柱转移瘤和脊柱结核的诊断及鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

骨关节结核的CT诊断(附33例报告)

目的：探讨CT对骨关节结核的诊断价值。方法：收集经临床和手术病理证实的骨关节结核(脊柱结核24例，骶髂关节结核5例，髋关节结核4例，耻骨联合结核1例)，对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果：24例脊柱结核均有不同程度的骨质破坏，22个椎体可见溶骨性骨质破坏，15个椎体边缘见到虫蚀状骨质缺损，病变严重者可见椎体膨胀、碎裂或塌陷。多数病例伴有死骨、椎旁脓肿或腰大肌脓肿。骶髂关节结核常见单侧发病，关节面模糊、骨质破坏及死骨形成；关节间隙增宽，常伴冷脓肿和窦道形成。髋关节结核表现为骨性关节面、髋臼及股骨头侵蚀破坏，髋臼变浅或变平，导致关节脱位。结论：CT能较好地显示骨质破坏的程度和范围以及死骨、冷脓肿等结核特征性的表现，是诊断骨关节结核的重要影像学手段。     

脊柱结核的比较影像学研究

目的：探讨脊柱结核的MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线征象及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术病理临床或随访证实的脊柱结核的MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线平片表现。结果：16例脊柱结核MRI发现37个椎骨异常、11处椎管受累、19处冷脓肿、16处椎间盘受累；CT发现7处附件受累、26处死骨形成。ECT检出的41处病灶表现为多处放射性浓聚或单发放射性浓聚，其中6处为假阳性；BUS检出9处冷脓肿、7处椎体破坏、2处附件异常。X线平片显示27个椎骨受累。本组MRI、ECT、SCT、BUS、X线平片诊断脊柱结核的敏感性分别为：100％，94．6％，83．8％，24．3％，73．0％；特异性分别为100％，83．8％，97．3％，97．3％，94．6％。结论：RMI是一种诊断脊柱结核高敏感性和特异性的方法，脊柱结核临床首选X线检查，B超可作为补充手段；CT检查是必须的；ECT仅在与脊柱转移瘤或多发性骨髓瘤鉴别困难时应用。     

Fortuitous discovery of isolated tuberculosis of the tenth and eleventh costotransverse joints: A case report

Involvement of posterior elements of the spine in spinal tuberculosis is rare. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with asymptomatic tuberculosis of the tenth and eleventh costotransverse joints. The latter was discovered with a CT scan made to look for a pulmonary embolism. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed liquid in the costotransverse joints with a paravertebral abscess. The patient was managed conservatively. Although rare, posterior tuberculosis of the spine should be known by spine surgeons. MRI is the key to the diagnosis. Conservative treatment is the standard treatment, and surgery is reserved for patients with neurological deficit.     

The role of computed tomography in assessing subphrenic abscesses after posttraumatic splenectomy

INTRODUCTION: We studied subphrenic inflammatory abscesses and splenic fluid collections after splenectomy for trauma. These complications may appear early or late postoperatively; they are easily demonstrated with CT, which permits accurate spatial assessment of the lesions and appropriate treatment with percutaneous drainage. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CT in subphrenic inflammatory conditions after emergency splenectomy for traumatic spleen rupture and found that CT is a precious tool for rapid and easy diagnosis and follow-up of subphrenic abscesses treated with percutaneous drainage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with left subphrenic inflammatory abscesses after splenectomy for trauma were examined from 1994 to 1998. They were 9 men and 4 women ranging in age 16-67 years (mean: 32). CT demonstrated abscesses early postoperatively in 9 patients and late postoperatively (mean: 3 months) in 4 patients. Abscesses were diagnosed with CT on admission for an abdominal emergency in 3 cases; one abscess was found at outpatient US performed for persisting left abdominal pain. CT-guided percutaneous drainage was performed in all patients with the Trocar technique. RESULTS: A large inflammatory liquid collection with the typical "liquid pseudospleen" appearance and characterized by tomodensitometric coefficients of corpusculated fluid was seen in 3 cases. Multiple confluent lesions with septa were found in 3 cases. Contrastography of the abscess cavity with the injection of a water-soluble iodinated contrast agent was performed in 2 cases to detect fistulas connecting to the intestinal loops. Subphrenic abscesses had the same CT patterns both early and late postoperatively, with the collection organizing into thick and corpusculated phlogistic material and exhibiting enhanced capsulofibrous differentiation. Air bubbles and water-air levels within the collection were found in 7 cases and considered a pathognomonic sign of inflammatory abscesses. A periabscessual reaction involving intestinal loops and adjacent organs was seen in 4 cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy causes depressed phagocytosis and decreases serum levels of IgM and antigen response. This calls for careful selection of the patients absolutely requiring splenectomy, such as those with decompensated circulation and multiple parenchymal ruptures or spleen detachment from its stalk. Subphrenic abscesses after splenectomy account for 2.5% of postoperative complications and those after splenectomy for trauma are rarer still, with 1.3%. CT is the imaging method of choice in detecting inflammatory abscesses in the residual splenic cavity and assessing their extent. CT-guided drainage is the first-line treatment, while surgery is reserved to later stages, when drainage fails or other complications occur. Finally, CT permits accurate positioning of the catheter inserted with the Trocar technique and its immediate monitoring, which permits to assess treatment efficacy.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of abscesses

Ten patients with percutaneous biopsy or surgically proven abscesses were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to describe the appearance of abscesses, define the capability of MRI to localize abscesses, and compare the capabilities of MRI and CT for the diagnosis and determination of the extent of an abscess. Comparative CT scans were available in six cases. The most common MRI finding was an abnormal area of low signal intensity, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, on the short repetition rate (500 msec TR) images with a relative increase in signal intensity on the longer repetition rate (1500 or 2000 msec TR) images. MRI demonstrated a more clear delineation of the extent of inflammatory changes than did CT, and MRI demonstrated the abscess as a collection distinct from surrounding structures on at least one repetition rate. Intravenous contrast medium was unnecessary with MRI to evaluate vasculature or to define the capsule around an abscess. With CT, unless an abscess contained air or was of low attenuation, it often blended with the surrounding structures and was difficult to differentiate from them. Surgical clips in the postoperative patient with an abscess did not degrade the MR images as often occurred with CT. This study describes the MRI appearance of abscess and indicates a potential value of the use of MRI to evaluate abscess outside the central nervous system and spine.     

脊柱结核的CT表现

目的：探讨脊柱结核的CT表现。方法：对35例脊柱结核患者行CT扫描，其中有5例同时行增强扫描。结果：35例脊柱结核患者中，胸腰椎段结核18例(51．4％)；腰椎结核9例(25．7％)；胸椎结核5例(14．3％)；颈椎结核2例(5．7％)；骶椎结核1例(2．9％)。早期脊柱结核4例，仅见椎前软组织肿胀；进展期脊柱结核24例，可见椎体呈“融冰样”、“碎玻璃样”骨质破坏，破坏区内可见沙砾样死骨，增强后冷脓肿壁均一环状强化；愈合期脊柱结核7例。结论：脊柱结核在CT上有着典型的影像学表现，CT可对脊柱结核作出明确诊断。     

Vertebral arch destruction in tuberculosis: CT features

A case of tuberculosis initially involving the vertebral arch is presented, and this rare mode of presentation is contrasted to more typical radiographic presentation of Pott disease. The role of CT in delineating the extent of disease and in detecting complications such as paravertebral abscesses and cord compression is illustrated specifically and through a literature review.