Embryonic cervical rhabdomyosarcoma complicated with uterine inversion with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as the first symptom: a case report and literature review

The probability of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in the cervix is less than 0.5% and may be associated with a pathogenic dicer 1, ribonuclease III (DICER1) gene variation. Tumour-induced hypercoagulability and high levels of cancer antigen (CA) 125 are risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). In addition, although nonpuerperal uterine inversion is very rare and is usually caused by leiomyomas from the uterus, large cervical masses can also be the cause. This case report describes a 24-year-old woman with uterine inversion caused by an embryonic cervical rhabdomyosarcoma that presented with CVST as her first symptom. The patient underwent laparoscopic total uterus and bilateral salpingectomy, during which the uterus was found to be completely inverted. Postoperative pathology confirmed embryonic cervical rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient quickly developed lung and para-aortic lymph node metastases. Two months later, the patient died of complications. When coagulation indices in patients with tumours are abnormal, especially when the levels of D-dimer and CA125 increase, it is recommended that anticoagulant therapy is administered in a timely manner to prevent the occurrence of CVST. Furthermore, for large cervical tumours, physicians should also be alert to the occurrence of uterine inversion.     

Hypereosinophilia with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDHypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as a peripheral blood eosinophil count of > 1.5 × 10⁹/L and may be associated with tissue damage. The clinical presentations of HE vary; however, myocardial fibrosis and thrombosis can threaten the lives of patients with sustained eosinophilia. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in the setting of eosinophil-related diseases has seldom been reported. Here, we review the literature on HE with CVST to increase knowledge and encourage early diagnosis.CASE SUMMARYA previously healthy 41-year-old man was admitted to hospital with diarrhea and abdominal pain. He was treated with antibiotics for suspected acute colitis. Three days later, he experienced headache and vomiting. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombosis of the left jugular vein to the left transverse sinus vein. Platelet (PLT) count decreased to 60 × 10¹²/L, and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) increased to 2.41 × 10⁹/L. He was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. PLT count progressively decreased to 14 × 10⁹/L, and we terminated anticoagulation and performed PLT transfusion. Six days after admission, he complained of a worsening headache. Brain CT revealed right temporal lobe and left centrum semiovale intracerebral hemorrhage, and AEC increased to 7.65 × 10⁹/L. We used prednisolone for HE. The level of consciousness decreased, so emergency hematoma removal and decompressive craniectomy for right cerebral hemorrhage were performed. The patient was alert 2 d after surgery. He was treated with anticoagulation again 2 wk after surgery. Corticosteroids were gradually tapered without any symptomatic recurrence or abnormal laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONHE can induce CVST, and we need to focus on eosinophil counts in patients with CVST.     

Cerebral venous thrombosis: a case report

The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is three to four cases per one million in adults and seven cases per one million among children. We discuss a case of CVT in a 19-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches. A CVT most commonly presents acutely, with a wide variety of signs and symptoms in young adults and children. The most common presenting complaint in adults is severe headache. The most frequently thrombosed sinuses are the lateral, cavernous, and superior sagittal sinuses. Risk factors include any genetic or acquired prothrombotic conditions, including pregnancy and the peripartum period. Computed tomography may show the classic "delta sign," although magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance venography is more sensitive. Treatment is controversial at this time. Options include fibrinolysis, anticoagulation, mechanical thrombectomy, or surgery. Despite the lack of agreement on management of CVT, the prognosis of CVT has improved, due to an increasing frequency of diagnosis.     

Rare case of simultaneous cerebral artery and venous sinus thrombosis in the setting of elevated factor VIII and combined oral contraceptive pills

We report a rare case of combined cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and ischemic stroke in a 35‐year‐old female on combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) with persistently elevated factor VIII, presenting with headache and sudden onset vertigo, found to have extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and PICA territory ischemic infarct.     

颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成的临床和影像学诊断探讨

目的探讨诊断颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成的方法。方法对 6例颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成的临床及影像学资料进行分析。结果患者多表现颅内高压征象 ,伴有全脑症状或局灶神经功能异常。头颅MRI及磁共振静脉成像 (MRV)诊断颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成有肯定的价值 ,而血管数字减影 (DSA)是诊断该病的最可靠手段。结论根据临床表现及影像学检查可确诊颅内静脉窦和脑静脉血栓形成。     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成2例并文献复习

目的：总结颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的临床特点,提高对该病的早期诊断和治疗水平。方法分析2例 CVST 的临床特点、影像学和实验室检查资料及治疗效果。结果2例患者均为男性,分别为48岁、63岁。1例有眼球感染,另1例无明显诱因。2例均有头痛等神经系统症状,病情迅速加重。2例头颅 CT 检查均出现两侧大脑半球肿胀,局部出血灶和明显占位效应,1例数字减影血管造影(DSA)示局部静脉、静脉窦不显影。1例腰椎穿刺颅内压升高,呈血性脑脊液。2例患者经抗凝等综合治疗均获得良好疗效。结论 CVST 以头痛等症状为主要表现,病情进展迅猛,头颅 CT 表现为两侧大脑半球肿胀,局部出血,占位效应明显,早期诊断及治疗效果好。     

脑静脉窦血栓形成作为首发的神经白塞病1例报告并文献复习

神经白塞病(Neuro-Behcet's disease,NBD)指的是白塞病(Behcet's disease,BD)患者神经系统受累.NBD中枢神经系统表现分为实质型和非实质型,脑静脉窦血栓形成(cerebral venous sinus thrombosis,CVST)为NBD非实质型中主要表现.CVST是BD患...     

Stenting for acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus

Endovascular treatment for superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis is not always successful because of difficult access and long thrombus lesions. We report the first two cases of patients with acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at the SSS that was not recanalized by anticoagulation, mechanical thrombectomy, or thrombolysis, but was successfully treated by stent placement. Case 1 was a 37-year-old woman with bilateral subdural hematomas. Digital subtraction angiography showed obstruction of the sinus from the SSS to the right transverse sinus. Recanalization was achieved by selective thrombolysis using urokinase followed by balloon angioplasty, but re-occlusion occurred on the next day of treatment. Repeated endovascular treatment including balloon angioplasty, thrombus aspiration and thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator failed to achieve recanalization. We thus placed intracranial stents in the SSS, which did achieve recanalization. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman with a small infarction in the left parietal lobe. Digital subtraction angiography showed sinus obliteration from the SSS to the bilateral transverse sinuses. Recanalization was not achieved by balloon angioplasty, thrombus aspiration and selective thrombolysis. We thus placed intracranial stents in the SSS, which did achieve recanalization. Postoperative course was uneventful in both cases and venous sinus patency was confirmed by venography >1.5 years after treatment. When conventional endovascular strategies have been unsuccessful, placement of intracranial stents, which can easily gain access to the distal part of the SSS as compared with carotid stents, may be a useful treatment option for the acute sinus thrombosis in this region.     

血管内多方式联合治疗重型颅内静脉窦血栓形成的临床观察

目的 评价以球囊碎栓、中间导管抽吸为基础的血管内多方式联合治疗重型颅内静脉窦血栓形成的有效性、安全性及预后。方法 收集采用球囊碎栓、中间导管抽吸为基础的血管内多方式联合治疗的13例重型颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者的临床资料,记录术前与术后1周GCS评分、Barthel指数评分,术后6个月改良Rankin量表（mRS） 评分、脑部磁共振静脉成像或DSA检查结果。结果 例1患者上矢状窦及双额顶支静脉部分再通,例9患者右横窦、乙状窦部分再通;例7、例13患者左横窦、左乙状窦慢性闭塞未开通而其余静脉窦完全再通;其他9例患者完全再通。术后1周GCS评分、Barthel指数评分均高于术前（P均< 0.05）。患者术中和术后未出现与介入相关的并发症。术后随访6个月,10例患者预后良好（mRS评分0~2分）、9例患者的静脉窦完全通畅。结论 以球囊碎栓、中间导管抽吸为基础的血管内多方式联合治疗重型颅内静脉窦血栓形成,有效、安全,预后较好。     

围产期颅内静脉窦血栓形成的临床与影像分析

目的 探讨围产期颅内静脉窦血栓形成的发病机制、临床表现、影像学特点及治疗。方法 回顾分析24例围产期颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者的临床与影像学资料。结果 围产期颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者多以急性或亚急性高颅压症状为主，以上矢状窦血栓形成多见。结论 对于围产期女性，不明原因出现颅内压增高、局限性神经症状、癫痫发作、突然意识障碍的患者，须行头颅MRI＋MRV检查。     

Successful treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis by balloon venoplasty: a case report

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a special cerebrovascular disease affecting young adult and middle-aged people. The clinical manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are diverse and nonspecific; thus, imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis. Anticoagulation with heparin is the preferred treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Endovascular treatment is also being increasingly used to achieve recanalization of the cerebral venous sinus. We herein describe a woman in her early 50s who was diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis for which anticoagulation with heparin was ineffective. To improve her symptoms and prognosis, we selected balloon venoplasty to treat the right sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Her condition subsequently improved, and no recurrence was observed after several follow-ups.     

脑静脉窦血栓形成53例诊治分析

目的 分析脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的临床特征、诊断方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2008年5月北京天坛医院住院的53例CVST患者的发病年龄、发病形式、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗预后情况.结果 本组患者男22例,女31例;年龄(15～52)岁,平均(34.92±9.69)岁.多数为急性、亚急性起病.主要临床表现为头痛,伴有呕吐,视物不清,复视,抽搐,肢体活动障碍或意识障碍等.影像学表现为静脉窦闭塞及局灶性梗死灶,部分伴发渗血或血肿.治疗以脱水降颅压、抗凝治疗为主,根据情况可联合溶栓治疗或支架置入治疗.痊愈12例,好转37例,无效2例,脑疝形成自动出院2例.结论 认识CVST的临床特征并及时行MRV检查是正确诊断和及早治疗的关键,CVST的治疗以抗凝治疗为基础,根据情况可联合溶栓治疗或支架置入治疗.     

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with concomitant subdural hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhages involving cerebral convexity and perimesenchephalic regions: A case report

We should suspect cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in patients with subacute onset progressive headaches with brain imaging evidence of localized cerebral edema with superimposed parenchymal, convexity subarachnoid as well as subdural hemorrhages.     

脑静脉窦血栓形成12例临床分析

目的探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的病因,早期临床特点、影像学特征及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析12例脑静脉窦血栓形成患者的病因,临床表现,实验室资料,影像学特征,治疗经过及预后。结果早期的主要表现是,头痛11例,头痛伴呕吐5例,伴视力减退5例。能查找到病因的7例(58.3%)。11例患者行头颅磁共振成像(MR I)及磁共振血管显影(MRA)检查,诊断为静脉窦血栓形成者10例,阳性率83%。2例行数字减影血管显影检查(DSA),均确诊为静脉窦血栓形成。所有患者均行抗凝治疗,部分患者脱水降颅压治疗,2例脑疝形成患者开颅手术治疗。其中9例好转,1例无变化,2例死亡,死亡率16.7%。结论脑静脉窦血栓形成病因复杂,临床表现缺乏特异性,确诊有赖于影像学检查。抗凝,降颅压治疗安全有效。     

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following transsphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma: A case report

BACKGROUND Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a rare condition in patients with craniopharyngioma following transsphenoidal surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma 26 d ago presented gradual headache and cerebrospinal fluid leakage while vomiting 5 d post-discharge and required readmission to our department of neurosurgery.After admission,head imaging examination showed a hyperdense shadow in the superior sagittal sinus and right transverse sinus,edema at the bilateral parietal lobe,and hemorrhage at the left parietal lobe and right occipital lobe;the venous phase of cerebral angiography revealed CVST.The patient was treated immediately by intravenous thrombolysis,endovascular thrombolysis,and mechanical thrombectomy after the definite diagnosis.However,the neurological status of the patient continued to deteriorate and he died on the fourth day after readmission.CONCLUSION For craniopharyngioma undergoing transsphenoidal surgery,it is vital to take an effective strategy to manage the postoperative complications,such as diabetes insipidus,severe electrolyte imbalance,and cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Additionally,the early differential diagnosis of CVST is essential when it develops clinical symptoms,especially in patients following transsphenoidal surgery with a high risk of CVST.Subsequently,the timely and effective treatment of the CVST is critical for preventing neurological deterioration.     

新型冠状病毒感染后颅内静脉血栓形成1例报告并文献复习

<正>1病例资料1.1患者病史患者女性，44岁，因“呕吐、反应迟钝4 d”于2022年12月31日入院。2022年12月17日患者感染新型冠状病毒（核酸阳性），出现咳嗽、咳痰症状，无发热、头痛；2022年12月24日症状缓解，核酸转阴。2022年12月27日患者出现频繁非喷射性呕吐，每次呕吐黄色胃内容物约10 mL，否认腹痛腹胀、头痛、视物模糊等其他不适；12月28日出现反应迟钝、与他人交流减少，同时伴有四肢乏力感及小便失禁，生活尚可自理，否认肌肉酸痛、肢体抽搐及意识丧失。     

Simultaneous occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A systematic review of cases

Although the leading causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are aneurysm rupture and arteriovenous malformations, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can, in rare cases, be associated with SAH. This phenomenon is an uncommon presentation, with less than a hundred cases reported based on our review of the literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known regarding these cases, how they are managed and to highlight the need for further studies that will serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across board. The following databases were searched: PubMed and Ovid Embase. A complementary search of Google Scholar and AJOL was done. Gray literature search was also conducted on the Google search engine for any additional relevant papers. We were able to extract data regarding 33 cases from 29 identified studies. The mean age was 46.6 ± 14.08. 17 (51.5%) of the cases were female, and the female‐to‐male ratio is 1.1:1. Headache was by far the commonest symptom, occurring in 82% of cases followed by seizures in 42% of cases. Four patients (12%) had loss of consciousness while 5 patients (15%) had some form of focal neurologic deficit. Twenty patients had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in at least two different sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus was the most common location for CVSTs (79%), followed by the transverse sinus (57.5%). Twenty‐nine cases (89%) were managed with anticoagulation alone and one case had a mechanical thrombectomy. We have performed a comprehensive review of cases that had the simultaneous occurrence of SAH and CVST and have identified their peculiarities and the challenges to management. Further research is needed in order to identify a causal relationship and to serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across the board.     

以孤立性头痛为主要表现的颅内静脉窦血栓1例并文献复习

目的 探讨本病的病因、临床表现、影像学特征、治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1例以反复孤立性头痛为主要表现的颅内静脉窦血栓病例,并复习相关文献.结果 患者男性,28岁,主因头痛10天,加重4天入院.头部MRI平扫+增强提示左侧乙状窦及横窦充盈缺损,T1及Flair呈高信号.数字减影血管造影证实为左侧横窦、乙状窦血栓.经抗感染...     

Magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging can confirm chronic cerebral venous thrombosis: a case report and literature review

BackgroundCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is easily missed or misdiagnosed in clinical settings because of its high variability in terms of symptoms and radiological findings. Herein, we aimed to explore a promising modality for confirming presumed CVT in the hope to uncover its superior diagnostic performance to conventional imaging modalities.Case presentation: The patient complained of intolerable pain in her forehead and left eye. Her lumbar puncture opening pressure was 140 mmH₂O, and her cerebrospinal fluid composition was normal. No marked abnormalities were observed in routine brain images, including non-contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography. However, chronic mural thrombi in the lumen of the left cortical veins, transverse/sigmoid sinus, and superior sagittal sinus were identified in magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging (MRBTI) maps.ConclusionsMRBTI can be used to directly and non-invasively visualize thrombi, and may thus be a promising tool over alternative routine techniques for confirming the diagnosis of CVT.