阴道镜检查241例分析

目的 评价阴道镜检查在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样病变中的价值。方法 对1999年9月—2001年12月在我院妇科就诊，因临床可疑或宫颈细胞学巴氏Ⅱ级以上而行阴道镜及病理检查的241例患者进行临床分析。结果 CIN病变的发生率在各年龄段之间无显著差异，241例阴道镜检查的患者175例做细胞学涂片，宫颈细胞学涂片为巴氏Ⅱ、Ⅱa级的患者85例，阴道镜检查定点活检病理结果为CIN病变者22例，阳性率为25．9％；宫颈细胞学涂片为巴氏Ⅱb级及以上的患者110例，阴道镜检查定点活检病理结果为CIN病变者37例，阳性率为33．6％，假阳性率为66．4％；临床可疑未涂片行阴道镜检查者66例，活检病理结果为CIN病变者21例，阳性率为31．8％。阴道镜图像为Ⅰ级者139例，病理诊断为CIN病变者7例，检出率为(5％)，均为CINⅠ；阴道镜图像为Ⅱ级者78例，病理诊断为CAN病变者51例，检出率为65．4％，其中CINⅠ为36例，CINⅡ14例，CINⅢ1例；阴道镜图像为Ⅲ级者24例，病理诊断为CIN病变者22例，检出率为91．7％，其中CINⅠ为4例，CINⅡ9例，CINⅢ9例。结论 防癌检查应从年轻患者开始，宫颈细胞涂片、阴道镜、病理活检三者有机地结合起来，以提高CIN的早期诊断率，对防止和减少子宫颈癌的发生具有重要意义。     

87例宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床分析

目的：通过观察分析宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）临床特点，探讨其早期诊断方法，以提高诊断率，对分期不同的CIN患者采用不同的治疗方法，随访观察治疗效果。方法：87例CIN患者均经阴道镜＋病理诊断确诊。观察分析CIN患者的临床特征及高危人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）测定的结果，确定个体化治疗方法并随访。结果：CIN患者多为生育期妇女，多因白带增多，血性白带，性交后出血就诊，病程较长，其中CINII级，CINⅢ级患者接触性出血发生率，HPV16感染率比例高，查体多发现宫颈慢性炎，通过对不同分级的CIN患者采不同的治疗方法后随防疗效满意。结论：CIN患者最重要的病史为有性生活的妇女出现宫颈接触性出血，应采用阴道镜检查结合定点活检提高诊断率，高危HPV测定可提示患者的预后，对CIN患者根据其分级不同需采用不同的治疗方法，治疗后应定期随访。     

早期宫颈癌诊断方法的临床应用价值

目的：探讨宫颈细胞学检查与阴道镜检查在早期宫颈癌以及癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法：总结分析我院2243例宫颈细胞学检查与5910例阴道镜检查及病理诊断之间的关系。结果：宫颈细胞学检查2243例中，巴氏Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级62例，经阴道镜下定点活检42例，诊断为宫颈良性病变18例，CIN、早期浸润癌、浸润癌24例，阳性率57％。阴道镜检查5910例，发现异常图象499例，阴道镜下定点活检，诊断为宫颈良性病变352例，CIN、早期浸润癌、浸润癌147例，阳性率29％。结论：宫颈细胞学检查巴氏Ⅲ级以上，在阴道镜下定位活检，是早期宫颈癌及癌前病变行之有效的检查筛选方法。     

关于低度鳞状上皮内病变患者下一步诊治方案的随机化试验

目的 对于诊断为低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)的患者，比较采用不同诊治方案的效果差异。研究设计1572名社区医院诊断为LSIL的患者参加了这项研究。她们被随机分进3组：①立即行阴道镜检查(IC)[所有患者均行阴道镜检查]；②HPV(人类乳头瘤病毒)治疗类选法(HPV)[当研究开始期HPV—DNA检查阳性或未查，或者研究开始期ThinPrep细胞学检查为高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)时行阴道镜检查]；③保守治疗(CM)[随访并重复行细胞学检查，当结果为HSIL时行阴道镜检查]。所有患者每半年随访1次为期2年，并在研究结束时行阴道镜检查。当患者诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)2、3级，或研究结束时仍为CIN1级，则需要予电圈切除术(LEEP)治疗。研究观察指标是2年内CIN3级累积诊断率。结果 所有患者2年内(CIN3级累积诊断率为15％。由于HPV组中80％以上患者HPV阳性，不能有效筛选，所以研究提前结束。IC组2年内CIN3级诊断敏感度为55．9％。CM组阴道镜检查率为18．8％，CIN3级诊断敏感度为48．4％。当细胞学阚值减低后，诊断敏感度增加，但是会因为阴道镜检查率增加而无法有效筛选。结论 由于没有有效的初筛方法，LSIL患者应尽早行阴道镜检查。关于检查结果阴性或CIN1级患者应如何对待，还需要继续研究。     

151例宫颈非典型鳞状细胞与组织学诊断结果的对照研究

目的探讨宫颈非典型鳞状细胞对宫颈病变的诊断价值及处理方案。方法回顾性分析2006年2月-2007年2月在我院妇科门诊对2043例患者作TCT细胞病理学检查,诊断标准采用TBS分类系统,其中151例细胞学诊断非典型鳞状细胞者行阴道镜下宫颈活检组织学诊断对照。结果2043例患者TCT细胞学检测结果中,非典型鳞状细胞（不能明确意义）（ASC-US）非典型鳞状细胞（不能除外上皮内高度病变）（ASC-H）因诊断非典型鳞状细胞者行阴道镜下宫颈活检组织学诊断对照,151例活检中ASC-US 124例,其中组织学诊断炎症63例,HPV感染31例,CIN 1级20例,CIN 2级2例,CIN 3级7例,鳞状细胞癌1例;ASC-H 27例中活检组织学诊断炎症8例,HPV感染3例,CIN 1级4例,CIN 2级3例,CIN 3级7例,鳞状细胞癌2例。结论新柏氏液基薄层细胞学用于宫颈病变筛查,可明显提高宫颈癌前病变及癌的检出率,对宫颈癌早期诊断、早期治疗从而降低患者病死率有很大作用,是宫颈病变筛查的有效方法。在诊断为非典型鳞状细胞的患者中,阴道镜下活检组织学对照显示有一定比例的宫颈上皮内瘤变,因而对于非典型鳞状上皮尤其是不能除外上皮内高度病变的患者,应行阴道镜下活检组织学诊断,以避免宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌的漏诊。     

LEEP诊断治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变临床分析

目的探讨高频电刀(LEEP)在宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)诊治中的价值。方法回顾性分析2007年6月-2010年12月在皖北煤电集团总医院门诊就诊的宫颈上皮内病变患者78例,上述患者术前均按照宫颈病变诊疗三阶梯法,先行细胞学检查,有异常者行阴道镜检查或HPV检查,不满意者或HPV阳性者行阴道镜下多点活检确诊为CIN后,自愿接受LEEP治疗,术后均行病理诊断。结果 LEEP术后病理结果与阴道镜下多点活检病理符合率为79.2%,前者较后者病理结果有轻有重,6例CIN患者LEEP术后病理结果轻于阴道镜下活检病理结果,11例重于阴道镜下活检病理结果,其中2例CINⅢ诊断为宫颈早期浸润癌,3例CINⅡ诊断为CINⅢ。结论 LEEP可诊断和治疗CIN及宫颈原位癌,即可起到阻止浸润癌的发生,又增加了对已患浸润癌的发现率,且安全、有效、并发症少,能保留患者的生育能力,具有很好的诊断和治疗价值。     

阴道镜对宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的诊断分析

宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)为癌前期病变，早期诊断和治疗十分重要。本文回顾性分析了81例CIN患者的阴道镜图像，阴道镜指示下活检CIN的发生率及CINⅢ阴道镜下活检与术后病理诊断进行比较，从而了解阴道镜对CIN的诊断。     

电子阴道镜对宫颈人乳头瘤病毒亚临床感染的诊断价值

目的 探讨电子阴道镜诊断宫颈人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）亚临床感染的价值。方法 对113例阴道镜疑为HPV亚临床感染的病例于疑处活检病理学检查。结果 113例疑为HPV亚临床感染者中92例经病理学确诊，其阴道镜图像示白斑32例，白色上皮30例，白色上皮并异形血管20例，白色上皮与镶嵌联合10例。HPV合并CIN共55例，59．8％。结论 在电子阴道镜指导下活检结合病理检查可提高HPV亚临床感染的诊断率，从而降低颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）和宫颈癌的发生。     

LEEP活检术在子宫颈病变中的诊断价值

目的:探讨LEEP活检术在宫颈病变中的诊断与治疗价值.方法:回顾性分析2004年6月至2006年6月,因宫颈病变同时行宫颈液基薄片细胞学检查、HPV检测及阴道镜下多点活检,多点活检较细胞学检查结果低诊且HPV检测阳性的患者34 例,行LEEP活检术,对比研究TCT、LEEP活检术和阴道镜下多点活检的病理检查结果.结果:34例患者LEEP活检结果:炎症4例,CINⅠ 6例,CINⅡ 11例.CINⅢ 10例,AC 2例,SC 1例.LEEP 与TCT 检查结果符合率:LSIL62.5%,HSIL 93.75%.各型CIN 的高危型HPV阳性例数及阳性率分别为CINⅠ 2例,33.33%, CINⅡ 8例, 72.73%, CIN Ⅲ 9例, 90.00%, 癌共3例, 100.00%.结论:当阴道镜活检病理结果与TCT不符时,行LEEP活检术,可提高CIN及早期癌的检出率,特别是在高危型HPV感染的患者.     

宫颈癌筛查的三阶梯临床应用

目的评价宫颈薄层液基细胞学（liquid-based cytololgy test,LCT）和人乳头瘤病毒（Human papillomavirus,HPV）DNA配合阴道镜检查在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值。方法选取就诊梅州市人民医院行宫颈检查的患者,以病理结果作为金标准,评价宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查和PCR扩增,基因探针杂交方法检查人乳头廇病毒在临床的应用价值。结果 HPV DNA和LCT均阳性的患者中,随着TBS细胞学诊断的级别升高分别为SCC97.4%、CINⅢ92.3%、CINⅡ83.4%、CINⅠ71.8%。结论采用LCT结合HPV DNA检查可以提高宫颈上皮内瘤样变（宫颈癌前病变）的阳性诊断率,可疑患者应配合阴道镜检查及镜下活检进一步明确诊断及治疗,重视宫颈癌前病变的规范化筛查。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.