甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤的神经修复治疗

目的探讨甲状腺手术所致喉返神经损伤的神经修复治疗。方法选取2008年10月～2013年4月收治的甲状腺术后喉返神经损伤患者4l例,行喉返神经减压术23例,行喉返神经端端吻合术11例,行颈袢主支喉返神经吻合术7例。结果喉返神经减压组17例、喉返神经端端吻合组6例及颈袢主支喉返神经吻合组2例,于术后半年内麻痹声带恢复内收及外展运动;吸气时外展幅度基本对称;发音时声带内收于正中位,双侧声带长度及体积对称,声门闭合无裂隙。喉返神经减压组患者声带黏膜波及声带振动恢复了对称性。喉返神经端端吻合组及颈袢主支喉返神经吻合组患者声带黏膜波、声带振动基本对称。喉返神经减压组患者声音均恢复正常。喉返神经端端吻合组8例、颈袢主支喉返神经神经吻合组4患者声音恢复正常;喉返神经端端吻合组3例、颈袢主支喉返神经吻合组3患者声嘶明显改善。结论神经修复治疗甲状腺手术所致喉返神经损伤疗效确切,以神经减压术效果最佳。     

膈神经替代喉返神经修复治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 探讨膈神经喉返神经吻合和内收肌支环杓后肌植入术（膈神经手术）治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的有效性、可行性。方法 第二军医大学长海医院耳鼻咽喉科1999年8月－2001年7月治疗外伤性双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹6例。病程1周－18个月，一侧作膈神经手术，而另一侧作颈袢肌蒂环杓后肌植入术。手术前后电子喉镜、频闪喉镜观察声门大小、声珲运动、振动情况，噪音声学参数分析，喉肌电力产检查评价手术效果。结果 术后2－3周检查发现4例声门较术前增大2－3mm，但声带固定不动，2例无明显改善。术后6个月5例膈神经修复侧均恢复了较大幅度的吸气性声带外展功能，外展幅度可达3－5mm，而肌蒂植入侧仅轻微外展或固定不动，幅度均在1mm以内。此5例均顺利拔管，并能承受较大强度的体力活动，1例仍在随访中。术后4个月6例肌电图检查显示膈神经修复侧自发、诱发电位均明显大于肌蒂植入侧，自发电活动与肋间肌基本同步，而较肌蒂植入侧延迟100－200ms。声音估价显示3例声嘶术后较术前好转，2例无变化。术后半年肺功能均恢复正常。结论 膈神经喉返神经吻合内收肌支环杓后肌植入术安全可行，较颈袢肌蒂植入术更能有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动，值得临床推广应用。     

单侧喉返神经损伤神经修复术式探讨

目的 探讨5种神经修复术治疗单侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的疗效。方法 1993年1月－2001年4月治疗外伤性单侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹38例，病程从损伤即刻至2年不等。资料完整者35例，其中行神经减压术8例、颈襻主支喉返神经吻合术16例、喉返神经端端吻合术6例、颈襻神经肌蒂埋植术3例、颈襻神经植入术2例。手术前后喉镜、噪音声学参数、肌电图检查等评价手术效果。结果 病程4个月内神经减压5例恢复了正常的声带内收及外展功能，4个月以内1例、以上2例及颈襻主支吻合组、喉返神经端端吻合组则未恢复声带运动。但上述3例术式均能使喉内收肌获有效的再神经支配，满意地恢复声带的肌张力、肌体积、声带振动对称性及正常黏膜波，声门闭合良好，嗓音恢复正常。颈襻神经肌蒂埋植术及颈襻神经植入术均能改善声嘶，但无效复正常病例。结论 ①单侧喉返神经损伤神经修复治疗以神经减压效果最佳；②颈襻主支吻合术、喉返神经端端吻合术也能有效地恢复喉的发音功能；③喉神经修复术式选择应根据病程、神经损伤程度、类型而定。     

膈神经替代喉返神经修复治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的　探讨膈神经喉返神经吻合和内收肌支环杓后肌植入术 (膈神经手术 )治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的有效性、可行性。方法　第二军医大学长海医院耳鼻咽喉科 1999年 8月～2 0 0 1年 7月治疗外伤性双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹 6例。病程 1周～ 18个月 ,一侧作膈神经手术 ,而另一侧作颈袢肌蒂环杓后肌植入术。手术前后电子喉镜、频闪喉镜观察声门大小、声带运动、振动情况 ,嗓音声学参数分析 ,喉肌电图检查评价手术效果。结果　术后 2～ 3周检查发现 4例声门较术前增大 2～ 3mm ,但声带固定不动 ,2例无明显改善。术后 6个月 5例膈神经修复侧均恢复了较大幅度的吸气性声带外展功能 ,外展幅度可达 3～ 5mm ,而肌蒂植入侧仅轻微外展或固定不动 ,幅度均在 1mm以内。此 5例均顺利拔管 ,并能承受较大强度的体力活动 ,1例仍在随访中。术后 4个月 6例肌电图检查显示膈神经修复侧自发、诱发电位均明显大于肌蒂植入侧 ,自发电活动与肋间肌基本同步 ,而较肌蒂植入侧延迟 10 0～ 2 0 0ms。声音估价显示 3例声嘶术后较术前好转 ,2例无变化。术后半年肺功能均恢复正常。结论　膈神经喉返神经吻合内收肌支环杓后肌植入术安全可行 ,较颈袢肌蒂植入术更能有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动 ,值得临床推广应用     

喉神经修复治疗外伤性声带麻痹的远期疗效分析

目的探讨各种神经修复术式治疗外伤性喉返神经损伤的远期疗效。方法外伤性喉返神经损伤致声带麻痹患者153例,单侧138例、双侧15例,病程从损伤即刻至3年不等。行喉返神经减压术31例、颈袢喉返神经吻合术102例、喉返神经端端吻合术9例、膈神经移植及部分病例联合应用神经肌蒂植入术11例。手术前后以喉镜、嗓音评估及声学分析、肌电图检查等评价手术效果。结果①单侧声带麻痹患者:病程3个月内19例、3月以上1例经喉返神经减压术恢复了不同程度的声带内收及外展功能;3个月以内3例、3个月以上4例患者经喉返神经减压及喉返神经端端吻合后均未恢复声带运动;颈袢喉返神经吻合组78例发声时声带突有明显内收运动,24例无明显内收运动;但上述3种术式除喉返神经端端吻合1例、颈袢喉返神经吻合3例外,其余患者发声时声带均处于正中位,声门闭合良好,后联合裂隙不明显,97%(134/138)嗓音恢复正常。②双侧声带麻痹患者:行神经减压4例7侧,有4例5侧恢复运动,均拔除气管套管;行膈神经移植术的11例中,恢复明显吸气性声带外展功能6例6侧,幅度达2~8mm;轻度外展2例2侧,幅度1~2mm,但声门裂隙达6~12mm,此8例均顺利拔管,发声时声带均有一定幅度的内收。2例2侧膈神经移植术后声带仍固定,1例1侧吸气性声带内收,未能拔管。一侧膈神经移植而另一侧肌蒂埋植的4例中,肌蒂埋植侧仅1例声带轻微外展。总拔管率80%(12/15)。膈神经移植手术前后发声无明显变化,神经减压术后发声明显好转。③各种神经修复术的神经再支配得到神经肌电图检查的证实,随访一年以上各项指标无明显退步。结论①喉返神经减压术、颈袢喉返神经吻合术、膈神经移植术能很好地恢复喉的生理功能;②喉神经修复术式的选择应根据病程、神经损伤程度、类型及侧别而定。     

双侧喉返神经损伤神经修复治疗术式探讨

目的探讨三种神经修复术式治疗双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的效果。方法对28例双侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹患者行喉返神经减压术(8例)、膈神经移植术(11例11侧)、神经肌蒂移植术(9例)。治疗前后以喉镜、嗓音主观评估及嗓音声学分析、喉肌电图检查等评价手术效果,随访1年以上。结果①神经减压术8例13侧有6例10侧声带恢复生理性内收及外展运动,外展幅度2~8mm,声门裂隙6~12mm,顺利拔管;2例双侧声带仍固定无法拔管。②膈神经移植11例11侧中8侧术后恢复声带外展功能,幅度达2~8mm,声门裂隙6~12mm,发声时声带均有一定幅度的内收,此8例均顺利拔管;2侧声带仍固定、1侧吸气时声带反而内收,此3例均未能拔管。③神经肌蒂移植术9例9侧仅1侧吸气时声带轻度外展,声门开大为4mm,发声时声带内移,拔管后不能行较大强度的体力活动。④除6例神经减压术后发声恢复正常外,其余手术前后发声无明显变化。⑤术后12个月膈神经移植、神经减压术侧自发电位波形、诱发电位均明显大于神经肌蒂移植术侧,而前两者差异无统计学意义。结论喉返神经减压术、膈神经移植术较神经肌蒂移植术能更有效地恢复声带吸气性外展运动,神经减压术还能恢复正常发声功能。     

单侧喉返神经损伤神经修复术式探讨

目的　探讨 5种神经修复术治疗单侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的疗效。方法　 1993年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月治疗外伤性单侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹 38例 ,病程从损伤即刻至 2年不等。资料完整者 35例 ,其中行神经减压术 8例、颈襻主支喉返神经吻合术 16例、喉返神经端端吻合术 6例、颈襻神经肌蒂埋植术 3例、颈襻神经植入术 2例。手术前后喉镜、嗓音声学参数、肌电图检查等评价手术效果。结果　病程 4个月内神经减压 5例恢复了正常的声带内收及外展功能 ,4个月以内 1例、以上2例及颈襻主支吻合组、喉返神经端端吻合组则未恢复声带运动。但上述 3种术式均能使喉内收肌获有效的再神经支配 ,满意地恢复声带的肌张力、肌体积、声带振动对称性及正常黏膜波 ,声门闭合良好 ,嗓音恢复正常。颈襻神经肌蒂埋植术及颈襻神经植入术均能改善声嘶 ,但无恢复正常病例。结论　①单侧喉返神经损伤神经修复治疗以神经减压效果最佳 ;②颈襻主支吻合术、喉返神经端端吻合术也能有效地恢复喉的发音功能 ;③喉神经修复术式选择应根据病程、神经损伤程度、类型而定     

杓状软骨内移联合喉返神经修复术治疗单侧声带麻痹

目的 探讨杓状软骨内移联合颈袢喉返神经吻合术治疗长期喉返神经损伤单侧声带麻痹的疗效.方法 病程3～22年外伤性喉返神经损伤单侧声带麻痹患者12例,行患侧杓状软骨内移的同时,作颈袢喉返神经吻合术.治疗前后以电子喉镜、频闪喉镜、声音评估、嗓音声学参数分析和喉肌电图检查等评价治疗效果.结果 所有患者杓状软骨内移术后即刻声嘶均明显好转,但无恢复正常者,声学四参数频率微扰、振幅微扰、标化噪音能量和最长发声时间分析均明显好转,差异均有显著性意义(P值均＜0.05);喉镜检查见杓状软骨明显内移,声门后裂隙消失9例,缩小3例.术后12个月时声音恢复正常、明显好转、好转、无改善分别为9、3、0、0例;声学四参数较术后即刻又有明显好转,差异均有显著性意义(P值均＜0.05);术侧声带虽未恢复运动,但肌张力和肌体积与健侧基本对称.肌电图检查显示术后12个月声带肌恢复与健侧同步的密集型自发电位.结论 杓状软骨内移联合颈袢喉返神经吻合治疗长期喉返神经损伤单侧声带麻痹能恢复患者的正常发音功能.     

甲状腺手术中的喉返神经显露

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经显露对避免损伤喉返神经的作用。方法 回顾性分析150例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料，其中甲状腺瘤125例，术中均顺利显露同侧喉返神经；甲状腺癌25例，其中仅10例能显露喉返神经。结果 随访6个月～4年，甲状腺瘤术后声带麻痹(单侧)5例，其余120例术后声带运动良好，发声正常。甲状腺癌15例术后并发声带麻痹，10例声带运动正常。结论 甲状腺腺叶切除术中，常规显露喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤。对显露过长的喉返神经，术中应利用游离筋膜覆盖，以免术后瘢痕形成压迫喉返神经致声带麻痹。     

一侧膈神经上根联合舌下神经甲舌肌支选择性喉返神经修复术治疗双侧声带麻痹的临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的评价一侧膈神经上根联合舌下神经甲舌肌支选择性喉返神经修复术(以下简称选择性喉返神经修复术)对双侧声带麻痹患者气道和嗓音质量的改善作用。方法对2012年1月至2016年12月,在海军军医大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行选择性喉返神经修复术的39例资料完整的双侧声带麻痹患者的病例资料行回顾性研究。所有患者术前术后均行频闪喉镜、嗓音主观评估、声学参数、喉肌电图及肺功能检查,并进行至少2年随访,评价疗效及安全性。声音总嘶哑度评分及VHI-10评分数据采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行统计分析,声学参数[包括基频微扰(Jitter)、振幅微扰(Shimmer)、噪谐比(NHR)]、最长发声时间(MPT)值和肺功能参数数据采用配对t检验进行统计分析。结果39例患者中,术后发生感染及出血各1例。术后4~8个月,所有患者发音时声带均可内收,35例患者吸气时声带达到中、重度的外展运动,2例始终仅轻度外展,2例无外展运动,中度以上运动幅度的恢复率达89.7%(35/39),并顺利拔管,随访2年无变化。术后12个月时嗓音总嘶哑度G及VHI-10评分较术前均明显降低(P值均<0.05),声学参数Jitter、Shimmer、NHR及MPT较术前均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。术后3个月,患者肺功能大部分参数恢复到正常参考值水平,术后12个月最大吸气压力(PImax)值仍略低于正常水平,但与术前相比均有显著改善(P值均<0.05)。术后12个月时患者肌电图资料显示,37例患者吸气时双侧环杓后肌均呈干扰相电位,发音时双侧甲杓肌亦为干扰相电位,其中2例还存在明显错向电位。2例外展功能恢复不佳者环杓后肌电位明显较弱。长期随访仅1例外展运动幅度减弱,但不影响呼吸功能。结论本研究采用选择性喉返神经修复术治疗双侧声带麻痹,恢复生理性声带外展内收运动的成功率高、疗效稳定、并发症少,值得推广应用。     

Laryngeal synkinesis: its significance to the laryngologist

Basic research and surgical cases have shown that the injured recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) may regenerate axons to the larynx that inappropriately innervate both vocal cord adductors and abductors. Innervation of vocal cord adductor muscles by those axons that depolarize during inspiration is particularly devastating to laryngeal function, since it produces medial vocal cord movement during inspiration. Many patients thought to have clinical bilateral vocal cord paralysis can be found to have synkinesis on at least one side. This will make the glottic airway smaller, particularly during inspiration, than would true paralysis of all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis should undergo laryngeal electromyography. If inspiratory innervation of the adductor muscles is present, simple reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle will fail. The adductor muscles also must be denervated by transection of the adductor division of the regenerated RLN.     

Lack of evoked laryngeal electromyography response in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis

There has been recent debate about whether patients with vocal cord immobility have a neurologic paralysis or whether synkinesis, the misdirection of axons to competing laryngeal muscles, is responsible for the lack of voluntary vocal cord motion. This issue was studied in 15 patients with vocal cord paralysis who underwent laryngeal reinnervation. Evoked electromyography was performed with a surface electrode endotracheal tube. The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was identified and stimulated with constant current. Of the 15 patients, only 1 produced a compound muscle action potential upon nerve stimulation. The remaining 14 patients had no evoked response during RLN stimulation. A control group of 8 patients with normal vocal cord mobility was studied, and each had a normal evoked electromyography response after RLN stimulation. These results support the assertion that patients who require treatment for vocal cord paralysis do not have synkinesis produced by RLN reinnervation.     

Laryngeal reinnervation for unilateral traumatic recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate 5 procedures of laryngeal reinnervation for unilateral vocal cord paralysis induced by traumatic recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. METHODS: 35 cases were selected for our study, all patients had unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, including 8 for nerve decompression, 6 for end to end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve, 16 for main branch of ansa cervicalis anastomosis to recurrent laryngeal nerve, 3 for nerve muscular pedicle and 2 for nerve implantation. All cases have been subjected to preoperative and postoperative voice recording, acoustic analysis, videolaryngoscopy, strobscopy and electromyography. RESULTS: It is found the adductory and abductory motion of the vocal cord restored in 5 cases with less than 4 months course who received nerve decompression. Although functional motion of vocal cord was not seen in two patients who received nerve decompression with a course longer than 4 months and one less than 4 months, and in all cases who received ansa cervicalis anastomosis and end to end anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerve, these procedures resulted in medialization of vocal cord and the mass and tension of the reinnervated vocal cord may become much the same as the contralateral normal vocal cord, thus resuming symmetric vibration of the vocal cords and physiological phonation. Nerve muscular pedicle technique and nerve implantation enabled adductory muscles to be reinnervated, thus improving severe hoarseness, but they didn't restore normal voice. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Nerve decompression seems to be the best procedure in laryngeal reinnervation; (2) Main branch of ansa cervicalis technique raises satisfactory reinnervation of adductor muscles; (3) Selection of the laryngeal reinnervation protocols should depend on the course, severity and type of nerve injury.     

喉起搏器治疗喉麻痹动物模型的研究

目的　研制呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器 ,在单侧喉返神经麻痹的动物模型中实验其是否能引起与呼吸同步的声带功能性外展运动。方法　喉起搏器带有感受呼吸信号的压力传感器 ,以气体压力的变化作为失神经环杓后肌的起搏信号来源 ,经电刺激使声带外展与呼吸同步。健康猫 6只 ,切断左侧喉返神经。将喉起搏器的刺激电极植入猫左侧环杓后肌。分别于术后即刻、1、2、4、8、1 2周间歇性刺激 ,刺激频率 30Hz ,脉宽 0 6ms ,刺激强度 0～ 8mA。在直接喉镜下观察声带活动情况。术后 1 2周摄录不同的刺激强度下声门图像 ,测量刺激与非刺激时相对声门面积。结果　在喉起搏器作用下 ,麻痹的声带外展与呼吸同步 ,相对声门面积增加 1 8%。喉麻痹 1周后 ,所需刺激强度阈值增大 ,1 2周时接近失神经初始时刺激阈值。结论　本实验研制的呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器 ,能感知动物呼吸节律的改变 ,依呼吸频率调节起搏频率 ,发放吸气期电刺激脉冲使患侧声带外展 ,有可能对喉麻痹的治疗提供一种新的技术方法     

Glottic closing force: impact of thyroplasty on vocal cord paralysis in a pig model

Reflex glottic closure is an essential component of a normal swallow. A lesion of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve weakens this reflex response, affecting the essential protective functions of the larynx and potentially resulting in aspiration pneumonia, sepsis, or death. Thyroplasty has been advocated to reduce glottic incompetence due to unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). Although medialization thyroplasty has traditionally been evaluated in terms of its phonatory effect, its role in improving protective glottic closure has never been studied. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of UVCP and thyroplasty type I on the glottic closing force (GCF). Five male Yorkshire pigs weighing approximately 40 kg were used in this study. Both internal superior laryngeal nerves were simultaneously stimulated with bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes, and the force of evoked glottic closure was measured with a pressure transducer positioned between the vocal cords. Initial pressure readings (GCF) obtained with bilaterally intact recurrent laryngeal nerves served as a control. The GCF was then measured after the right recurrent laryngeal nerve was sectioned to simulate the conditions of UVCP. Finally, thyroplasty type I was performed on the affected side, and the GCF was measured again to evaluate its quantitative effect on reflex glottic closure. The mean GCF was reduced by UVCP to approximately 22.5% (49.71 mm Hg) of the control GCF (220.25 mm Hg). Thyroplasty enhanced the GCF to 57.7% (127.08 mm Hg) of the control GCF. These measures underscore the profound effect that UVCP exerts on the GCF and the limitations of vocal cord medialization in fully restoring it.     

Effects of arytenoid adduction on laryngeal function following ansa cervicalis nerve transfer for vocal fold paralysis in an in vivo canine model

Laryngeal reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis has been proposed as a treatment for human unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). This study tested the assumption that results from reinnervation could be improved if combined with medialization surgery. Six canine subjects underwent recurrent laryngeal nerve section and reinnervation with a branch of the ansa cervicalis. After reinnervation, vocal function was assessed before and after arytenoid adduction. Although laryngeal function improved significantly following reinnervation, results were significantly enhanced by the addition of medialization surgery. The implications for the treatment of human unilateral vocal fold paralysis are discussed.     

Spontaneous laryngeal reinnervation after recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve injury

OBJECTIVES: The status of innervation in patients with laryngeal paralysis is somewhat controversial. Electromyographic activity has been frequently documented in the laryngeal muscles of patients with laryngeal paralysis, and animal experiments report a strong propensity for reinnervation after laryngeal nerve injury. However, a study of intraoperative electromyography performed in patients during reinnervation surgery failed to document activity with stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Noting the long-observed differences in the symptoms of patients with vagus nerve injury and those with RLN injury, I hypothesized that reinnervation is influenced by the site of nerve injury. METHODS: Cats were sacrificed at various intervals after resection of 1 cm of either the RLN or the vagus nerve, without any attempt to repair the nerve. RESULTS: Four months after RLN resection, distal nerve biopsy revealed unmyelinated axons scattered through fibrous tissue. By 6 months, myelinated axons were organized, and electromyographic and histologic examination showed preferential reinnervation of the thyroarytenoid muscle. After vagotomy, the RLN was fibrotic and no axons were present. Both the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were fibrotic and had no electromyographic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the strong propensity for laryngeal reinnervation after RLN injury, but not after vagus nerve injury. Preferential reinnervation of adductor muscles may account for a medial position of the paralyzed vocal fold.     

喉返神经减压术

目的探讨喉返神经减压治疗因甲状腺手术和甲状腺肿物压迫所致喉返神经功能障碍的疗效.方法2002年10月-2005年6月间,行喉返神经减压术治疗单侧喉返神经麻痹9例,声门闭合不全4例.包括甲状腺良性肿物切除术后喉返神经麻痹7例,均为普通外科术后.其中6例神经缝扎,1例神经瘢痕粘连,同时对其中2例行Ⅰ型甲状软骨成形术;甲状腺腺瘤1例和结节性甲状腺肿并喉返神经麻痹1例,均行甲状腺肿物切除喉返神经减压.声门闭合不全的4例中,结节性甲状腺肿3例、桥本甲状腺炎1例分别行甲状腺肿物切除或腺叶部分切除,电子喉镜观察手术前、后声带动度变化,评价手术效果.结果5例神经被结扎和1例神经粘连者于3个月内行减压术,术后1周～3个月声带动度恢复,发声满意;1例神经被结扎于术后4个月行减压术者,随访1年声带动度未见恢复.甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿并喉返神经麻痹患者减压术后3个月内声带动度完全恢复,声门闭合不全并结节性甲状腺肿和桥本甲状腺炎者,术后1周内声门缝隙消失、声嘶消失.结论对于因甲状腺手术所致的喉返神经麻痹,应尽快行喉返神经探查和减压术;声音嘶哑较严重者,可考虑同时行Ⅰ型甲状软骨成形术,以短时间内改善患者发声状况,提高患者生活质量;对于甲状腺肿物合并喉返神经麻痹或声门闭合不良者,应积极行手术探查,行喉返神经减压.     

Experimental laryngeal reinnervation by phrenic nerve implantation into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Under general anaesthesia, 5 dogs underwent sectioning of the right recurrent nerve followed by implantation of the phrenic nerve into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Some 6-7 months later the dogs were sacrificed after registration of vocal cord motility. Still photographs and movie film of the larynx were taken during quiet and forced respiration and at electrical stimulation of the implanted phrenic nerve. The PCA and vocal muscles were removed for histochemical studies. We found practically no abductory movement of the vocal cord on the reinnervated side, either during quiet or forced respiration. During forced inspiration there was, however, a slight medial bowing of the right vocal cord. At electrical stimulation there was a sphincteric movement of the entire larynx. Histochemistry showed a reinnervation picture of both the PCA and the vocal muscles on the experimental side. The conclusion drawn from this study is that axonal escape, probably from the implantation site, results in an unwanted reinnervation of laryngeal adductor muscles, which neutralize the abducting effect of the PCA muscle during inspiration. This method therefore does not seem to be suitable as a treatment alternative for bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis.