CO2激光杓状软骨声带突切除与肌腱切断治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的：探讨CO2激光杓状软骨声带突切除与肌腱切断治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析18例因甲状腺切除术后双侧声带外展麻痹的临床资料,术前预防性气管切开后,行CO2激光杓状软骨声带突切除与肌腱切断术。结果：18例患者术后即可经口鼻呼吸,其中15例于术后8周内拔管;3例于术后4～6周因局部肉芽组织增生再次激光手术后拔管;所有患者随访1．6～2．3年,无呼吸困难及误吸,对发声满意。结论：CO2激光杓状软骨声带突切除与肌腱切断,可有效改善双侧声带外展麻痹造成的呼吸困难,并取得较满意的发声,以及避免误吸。     

单侧杓状软骨黏膜下次全切除并同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的 探讨支撑喉镜下单侧杓状软骨黏膜下次全切除并同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的适应证及临床意义.方法 支撑喉镜下对9例双侧声带外展麻痹伴呼吸困难的患者实施半导体激光(6例)或自制长针状单极电刀(3例)单侧杓状软骨次全切除术,然后利用穿刺针导入缝线于声带突后缘将声带拉向外侧,固定于甲状软骨上,其中8例为初次手术,1例为单侧杓状软骨激光部分切除术后失败病例.术后通过纤维喉镜检查患者声门的情况,并行发声质量主观评估.结果 9例患者中8例术后恢复了捕意的呼吸功能,其中3例发声质量无明显下降,5例声音质量较术前轻微下降,但不影响日常交流.术后7～14天8例即能全封管,观察至1～3个月拔管,平均拔管时间为45天.术后随访6～25个月,没有出现创面肉芽和再狭窄等并发症.1例(曾手术失败的病例)术后堵管失败,未能拔管,喉镜下见声门裂后端宽约2 mm.结论 支撑喉镜下单侧杓状软骨黏膜下次全切除并同侧声带外移可有效治疗双侧声带外展麻痹,方法简单易行,创伤小,拔管率高,患者的发声功能亦得到了满意的恢复和保留.     

单侧杓状软骨切除并同侧声带切断术治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 探讨单侧杓状软骨切除的同时，行同侧声带切断术治疗双侧声带麻痹的疗效。方法 对7例双侧声带麻痹患者行单侧杓状软骨切除并行同侧声带切断术，观察其呼吸及发声情况。结果 随访1～3年，5例患者术后无明显呼吸困难，1例患者存有Ⅰ度呼吸困难，1例失访，6例音质均无明显下降。术腔黏膜光滑，无肉芽组织生长。结论 一侧杓状软骨切除并同侧声带切断术可明显改善双侧声带麻痹所致喉梗阻，创伤小。     

喉外途径杓状软骨切除声带外展固定术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的评价喉外途径杓状软骨切除声带外展固定术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的效果.方法回顾分析杓状软骨切除声带外展固定术(Woodman术)治疗双侧声带外展麻痹9例的临床资料.结果8例效果满意,术后1次拔除气管套管6例,2次拔管2例,拔管率为88.9%,拔管时间平均25.5d.结论目前Woodman术仍是治疗声带外展麻痹的有效方法.     

单侧杓状软骨切除术联合同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带麻痹的疗效观察

目的 探讨单侧杓状软骨切除术联合同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带麻痹的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年1月至2011年4月5例双侧声带麻痹患者的临床资料,所有患者均在全麻下行颈外径路单侧杓状软骨切除术联合同侧声带外移,观察术后临床效果和术前、术后6月患者的声学参数(基频-F0,基频微扰-jitter,振幅微扰-shimmer,标准化噪声能量-NNE和最长声时(MPT).结果 患者术后呼吸功能均显著改善,5例患者均成功1次拔管,平均拔管时间(18.67±4.83)d,发音质量无显著下降,术后随访6月无严重误吸、创面肉芽、再狭窄发生.术后6月患者的F0、jitter、shimmer、NNE显著降低,而MPT显著延长,P<0.05.结论 单侧杓状软骨切除术联合同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带麻痹临床效果好,无明显并发症,显著改善患者的声学参数和最大声时.     

两种手术方法治疗双侧声带神经麻痹

目的 通过观察经喉外进路及经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨治疗双侧声带神经麻痹的疗效,对比两种手术方法的优缺点,择优选取合适的术式。方法 对双侧喉返神经致喉狭窄的13例术后患者进行随访,其中7例行喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定,6例行经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨,13例术前均已行气管切开,术后随访6个月至2年。结果 采用喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定7例,术后1次拔管3例,2次拔管2例;采用经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨6例,术后1次拔管4例,2次拔管1例。结论 两种手术方法各有优缺点。     

支撑喉镜下杓状软骨切除联合声带外移治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的临床研究

目的探讨支撑喉镜下单侧杓状软骨全切除联合同侧声带外移治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的手术方法和临床意义。方法支撑喉镜下对30例双侧声带外展麻痹伴呼吸困难的患者行CO2激光单侧杓状软骨全切除并用Ejnell法同侧声带外移扩宽声门,手术前、后纤维喉镜检查声门情况,嗓音分析评估发音功能,肺功能检查评估通气情况。结果 30例患者拔管率100%。随访6个月-5年,全部病例无肉芽生长和再狭窄等并发症,均保持语言交流功能。嗓音分析显示基频微扰、振幅微扰手术前、后差异无显著性意义（P均〉0.05）,但手术前、后声门噪声能量、最长声时差异有显著性意义（P均〈0.05）。肺功能显示FEV1、FEV1/FVC手术前、后差异有显著性意义（P均〈0.05）,客观反映了术后气道通气功能改善。结论支撑喉镜下单侧杓状软骨全切除联合同侧声带外移可有效治疗双侧声带外展麻痹,且拔管早,拔管率高,疗效持久,患者的发音功能得到满意的保留,是治疗该类患者的较为理想的方法。     

内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的 探讨内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的可行性及效果.方法 回顾分析大连市中心医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2008年至2012年收治的29例双侧声带外展麻痹患者,均行内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子单侧杓状软骨切除术.手术前后行声门测量及嗓音分析.结果 29例患者术后1周内均成功拔管.术前及术后3个月患者平均((x)±s,下同)声门面积为(21.9±4.7)mm2和(40.3±5.2)mm2,声门后部最大横径为(1.47 ±0.37) mm和(4.82±0.54)mm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.74和6.24,P值均＜0.05).术后3个月26例(89.7％)患者对嗓音质量表示满意.手术前后嗓音声学参数中基频、基频微扰、振幅微扰的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);而最长发音时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访3个月至3.5年,中位数2年,患者均无呼吸困难,可从事轻体力劳动.结论 内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹是一种安全、微创、有效的手术方式.     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光单侧杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 探讨支撑喉镜下CO2激光单侧杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带麻痹的疗效.方法 对6例双侧声带外展麻痹(均有不同程度呼吸困难)和3例双侧声带完全麻痹(有不同程度声嘶及呼吸不畅)患者实施了支撑喉镜下CO2激光单侧杓状软骨切除术,其中,8例进行了手术创面黏膜吻合术.所有患者手术前后均行频闪喉镜检查观察声门裂大小及通气情况,并由患者本人和医疗小组共同完成发声质量评估.结果 术前行频闪喉镜检查示:6例声带不完全麻痹者声带内收正常,外展受限,仅达旁正中位,其中3例已行气管切开者吸气时声门裂后端宽约1～2 mm,3例双声带完全麻痹者发声时声门不能闭合,吸气时声门裂后端宽约3～3.5 mm.术后随访11～34个月,7例无呼吸困难,均能保持术前的嗓音质量,1例术后1个月局部肉芽增生,另1例术后6个月后瘢痕挛缩,不能堵管,该2例均再次手术后呼吸平稳,未再次出现呼吸困难,但1例发声质量较前次手术后差.术后频闪喉镜检查,所有患者喉内手术创面黏膜愈合良好,声门裂后1/3形成近三角形裂隙,声门裂后端深吸气时宽度均大于4 mm.结论 CO2激光单侧杓状软骨切除术可有效改善双侧声带麻痹导致的呼吸困难,发声功能较满意.     

颈侧进路内镜下喉外单侧杓状软骨次全切除术治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹

目的：探讨提高治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹疗效的手术方法。方法：对13例双侧外展性声带麻痹伴呼吸困难的患者，行气管切开插管、全麻，经颈侧进路内镜下实施喉外单侧杓状软骨次全切除术。结果：手术过程均顺利，术后均未放置扩张子；呼吸和发声功能均恢复满意；拔管时间为8～15d，平均11．5d；术后随访6～36个月，未出现再狭窄、发声质量下降及呼吸困难等并发症。结论：该手术操作简单，术中对声门裂的可控性好，对喉黏膜无损伤，无需放置喉内扩张子；术后喉功能恢复快而满意，是治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹的较好术式。     

红宝石激光同期杓状软骨内侧切除治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 :探讨支撑喉镜下以红宝石激光同期切除双侧杓状软骨内侧治疗双侧声带麻痹的疗效。方法 :全部患者均行气管切开插管麻醉 ,以红宝石激光同期切除双侧杓状软骨的内侧。结果 :无手术并发症。全部患者随访 3～ 13个月 ,呼吸平稳 ,喉内无瘢痕粘连 ,发音明显好转 ,声门呼吸部较术前扩大≥ 4mm。结论 :以红宝石激光同期行双侧杓状软骨内侧切除治疗双侧声带麻痹是切实可行的。     

CO2激光单侧杓状软骨次全切除术治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹

目的　探讨CO2 激光单侧杓状软骨次全切除术治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹手术的适应证及临床意义。方法　支撑喉镜下对 8例双侧外展性声带麻痹伴呼吸困难的患者实施了CO2 激光单侧杓状软骨次全切除术和手术创面黏膜吻合术。其中 ,继发于双侧甲状腺切除术 5例 ,外伤所致双侧外展性声带麻痹 2例 ,原因不明 1例。术前接受气管造口术 5例 ,气管切开术 1例。术后通过纤维喉镜检查患者新建声门裂的通气情况 ,发音质量主观评估由患者本人和医疗小组共同完成。结果8例患者术后均恢复了满意的呼吸功能 ,发音质量均无明显下降 ,平均气管套管拔除时间为 44 2d。术后随访 5～ 43个月 ,没有出现误吸和再狭窄等并发症。结论　支撑喉镜下CO2 激光单侧杓状软骨次全切除术和创面黏膜吻合术简单易行 ,创面小 ,术后愈合快 ,可避免肉芽组织增生和瘢痕形成所导致的声门区再狭窄 ,患者的呼吸和发音功能均得到了满意的恢复和保留     

CO2 laser endoscopic subtotal arytenoidectomy for bilateral median vocal cord paralysis]

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the surgical procedures and correlated techniques for endoscopic subtotal arytenoidectomy, as well as to discuss their applications and clinical outcomes. METHODS: CO2 Laser endoscopic unilateral arytenoidectomy was performed in eight cases of bilateral median vocal cord paralysis combined with one stage of mucosal micro-anastomosis. All patients suffered from dyspnea in some extent, of which 5 had the history of thyroidectomy and 2 had traumatic causes following esophagectomy and tracheal surgery respectively. One of patient had unknown cause. Six patients had undergone tracheotomy prior to operation or before their referral to our hospital. The airway was evaluated via fibro-optic laryngoscopy, and the voice quality was assessed subjectively by the patients and the surgeon before and after surgery. RESULTS: Following 5-43 months after the surgery, in all cases the function of airway as well as the acceptable voice quality was successfully restored. The tracheotomy done before operation in six patients was decannulated within the mean time of 44.2 days post-operation. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic approach for CO2 laser unilateral arytenoidectomy may lead to better restoration of an adequate airway and satisfying phonation without postoperative aspiration. Mucosal micro-anastomosis can prevent the formation of granulation or scar tissue thus promotes the healing processes. This procedure is simpler than other ordinary surgical methods, and could be a satisfactory alternation of treatment for bilateral median vocal cord paralysis.     

单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的探讨用单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的疗效与临床应用价值。方法对9例继发性双侧声带外展麻痹的患者,采用支撑喉镜下单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术进行治疗,通过术后的观察随访,对该术式的临床效果进行分析与评估。结果8例患者气管切开后行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术,其中7例患者术后2个月安全拔管,1例不能拔管的患者经过再次手术2个月后安全拔管;另1例I度呼吸困难患者经口气管内插管后行声带手术。所有患者行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术后随访半年以上呼吸困难完全缓解;术后声嘶程度均较前加重,但不影响日常的生活交流。结论单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的方法,不需要昂贵器械,简单实用,临床疗效良好,并发症少,值得在基层医院中推广应用。     

Surgical management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis

Fifty-five patients with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords were managed surgically from 1957 to 1973. Initially, unilateral arytenoidectomy or arytenoidopexy was employed. If this was not satisfactory, a contralateral arytenoidectomy was performed 6 to 12 months later. If the patient's airway was still inadequate, then open unilateral submucous resection of the vocal cord was accomplished. Initial management was successful in 62 percent (34/55) of patients, and 50 of 55 patients (91 percent) were eventually decannulated. Failure of the arytenoidectomy appeared to be related to traumatic etiology of the bilateral paralysis, presence of previous treatment, and technical problems of the procedure itself.     

Evaluation and treatment of vocal cord paralysis

One hundred eighty-one patients with unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis unrelated to laryngeal carcinoma or its therapy were studied. The orderly diagnostic profile used to delineate cause of the paralysis includes CBC, VDRL blood sugar profile, latex fixation and serum sampling for toxic heavy metals. The radiologic and endoscopic evaluation is done to completion unless contraindicated, to assess aspiration as well as to observe laryngopharyngeal structures which may cause the paralysis. This evaluative profile defined the etiology of cord paralysis in 80 percent of patients, despite exclusion of viral disease as a cause subsequent to upper respiratory infection. Blunt trauma and previous neck surgery each were responsible for 23 percent of the cases. Fifty-four patients had bilateral paralysis of which 22 were post thyroidectomy. Surgical repair for cord paralysis was symptomatic, and included 28 successful teflon injected cords. Recurrent laryngeal nerve decompression was successful in four of five operations and arytenoidectomy was performed in 39 patients.     

The role of endoscopic laterofixation of the vocal cord in the treatment of bilateral abductor paralysis.

Different techniques were compared in management of 36 patients with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords. Ten patients were treated by microsurgical arytenoidectomy through a mid-line thyrotomy, with successful decannulation in only three. Fifteen patients were treated by endolaryngeal microsurgical arytenoidectomy, with failure to decannulate four cases. The procedure of endoscopic laterofixation of the vocal cord was used to treat 11 patients. Ten patients had an adequate long-lasting airway with a socially acceptable voice function. One patient had a revision surgery and was successfully decannulated. The technique was found to be a reliable option in the management of bilateral abductor paralysis. It is a modifiable procedure with a feasibility to adjust the position of the vocal cord under endoscopic control. It can be combined with endolaryngeal arytenoidectomy if the gain in the airway size produced by laterofixation is found insufficient.