ISO15189认证中Sysmex UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪的性能验证

目的 按IS015189要求,评价Sysmex UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪的性能.方法 分别检测UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪的精密度、准确度、携带污染率、线性范围并对生物参考区间进行验证.结果 UF-1000i的精密度、准确度、携带污染率、可报告范围均在厂家要求的范围内,并且生物参考区间验证结果符合要求.结论 Sysmex UF-1000i尿液沉渣分析仪各项性能均符合仪器要求范围,可用于临床尿液沉渣分析检测.     

有核红细胞采用XN1000血液分析仪计数与人工计数结果比较

目的 Sysmex XN1000b型全自动血细胞分析仪检测的有核红细胞结果的有效性和准确性,通过金标法人工涂片检测进行验证。方法 2017年1月~2017年3月本院经过Sysmex XN1000b型全自动血细胞分析仪检测有核红细胞结果阳性标本213例进行仪器结果与人工涂片结果进行准确性验证,对随机抽取100例有核红细胞结果为零的标本验证阴性符合率验证。结果 采用Sysmex XN1000b型全自动血细胞分析仪计数有核红细胞,真阳性率100.00%,假阳性率2.09%,假阴性率0（＜5%）,真阴性率96.70%,阳性结果符合率97.56%。结论 Sysmex XN1000b型全自动血细胞分析仪检测的有核红细胞计数准确性高,阴阳性符合率好,结果可靠,有核红细胞计数可以作为临床报告项目。     

Sysmex UF5000尿液有形成分分析仪性能验证及比对方法的探索

目的 对Sysmex UF5000全自动尿有形成分分析仪的5项主要参数进行临床应用性能评价,建立一种同一检测系统仪器更新比对的方法,方便临床的使用。方法 采用仪器配套尿沉渣质控品评价Sysmex UF5000的精密度及正确度;筛选不同浓度范围及数量的新鲜尿标本,分别用于Sysmex UF5000仪器携带污染率、临床可报告范围及参考区间的验证,以及与旧仪器Sysmex UF1000i进行仪器间检测结果的比对。结果 Sysmex UF5000全自动尿有形成分分析仪的精密度、正确度及携带污染率均符合厂家说明书规定标准,临床可报告范围及参考区间均在新鲜尿标本中验证通过。Sysmex UF5000与旧仪器Sysmex UF1000i间比对的一致率：红细胞及细菌在仪器间一致率均为100%,白细胞在仪器间一致率为98.39%,上皮细胞在仪器间一致率均为94.44%,管型在仪器间一致率为96%。结论 Sysmex UF5000全自动尿有形成分分析仪性能良好,可应用于临床标本检测。建立的仪器间比对新方法能提高比对工作效率,保证同一检测系统仪器更换时对于检验结果的一致性。     

三台不同型号血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对研究

目的 通过对实验室三台同一品牌不同型号血细胞分析仪进行比对,分析其之间相关性及应用价值,以保证实验室结果一致性,提高实验结果的可靠性.方法 设定本院检验科Sysmex XS-1800i为参比仪器,每日选取高值、中值、低值的新鲜血分别在参比仪器Sysmex XS-1800i和Sysmex XN-2000、Sysmex XS-800i三台血细胞仪上完成白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞比积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)这五个项目的检测,测定结果根据美国临床实验室修正法案(CLIA' 88)规定的室间质量评价允许误差的1/2为标准进行比较,分析比对结果的线性关系及回归性.结果 不同仪器间检测结果的相关系数r＞0.975,P＞0.05,结果无统计学差异,比对结果显示:三台血细胞分析仪分析结果具有良好的相关性.结论 三台血细胞分析仪检测结果具有可比性,保证科室血常规检验结果的一致性,以及结果的可靠性.     

临床实验室仪器间比对实验探讨

目的 按照ISO15189要求对两台强生VITROS 3600化学发光分析仪上的相同项目进行比对试验,以评估检测结果的一致性.方法 分别使用两台仪器对anti-HCV的精密度,准确度进行验证试验,并对临床收集的Anti-HCV阴性10份、阳性10份和弱阳性20份血清样本共40份进行比对试验,检测结果行统计学分析.结果 两台仪器阴性和阳性质控品批内精密度变异系数分别为5％、4％、7.14％和7.23％,批间精密度分别为9.47％、7.7％和8.04％、7.6％,均小于ISO15189要求的CV(15％),两仪器准确度为100％,质控品检测结果差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).临床样本检测结果相关性分析R2 =0.9984,具有良好的一致性.结论 两台强生VITROS 3600化学发光分析仪检测结果,一致性良好,具有可比性.     

Sysmex XT-2000iv血细胞计数仪的性能验证

对Sysmex XT-2000iv血细胞计数仪进行性能验证,以保证仪器的稳定性和测试结果的可靠性。从准确度、批内精密度、携带污染率和线性关系四个方面对sysmex XT-2000iv血细胞计数仪进行性能验证。准确度、批内精密度、携带污染率和线性关系均符合判定标准。Sysmex XT-2000iv血细胞计数仪准确度高,批内精密度及线性关系良好,冲洗功能完善,能够满足药物非临床安全性评价中动物血液样本分析的要求。     

惠中MQ-8000糖化血红蛋白分析仪性能评价

目的 将采用惠中MQ-8000全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪(MQ-8000)对样本HBA1c水平进行检测,从而对MQ-8000的性能进行全面的评价.方法 采用MQ-8000对100例样本的HBA1c水平进行检测,综合分析评价该仪器的重复性、精密度、携带污染、正确度、线性范围以及与ArkrayADAMSTMA1c HA-8180糖化血红蛋白分析仪(HA-8180)进行样本比对.结果 MQ-8000检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的重复性、中间精密度(CV)均小于1％,高值样本对低值样本的结果无明显携带污染(携带污染率为-1.69％);线性范围为2.9％～20.5％,覆盖范围广;采用美国国家糖化血红蛋白标准化计划溯源样本进行正确度验证,测得的偏离度(-1.02％、0.97％)<3％,正确度验证通过.与HA-8180糖化血红蛋白检测仪样本比对结果呈正相关(r=0.9953),相对偏差为1.36％,在医学决定水平6.5％处的偏移<1％,验证结果均符合国家及国际行业协会相关标准.抗异常蛋白干扰检测相对偏差符合标准≤6％.结论 MQ-8000具有良好的重复性、精确度、线性、较强的抗干扰能力和较低的携带污染率,表明该仪器性能良好,可满足临床检测诊断的应用需求.     

Sysmex XN-2000与XE-5000全自动血液分析仪检测白细胞及有核红细胞计数的性能评价

目的探讨Sysmex XN-2000与XE-5000全自动血液分析仪对外周血白细胞(WBC)和有核红细胞(NRBC)的检测性能。方法分别采用Sysmex XN-2000与XE-5000全自动血液分析仪对262例外周血标本进行血液常规分析,其中男性151例,女性111例;年龄5~76岁,平均年龄42岁。同时以显微镜计数法为"金标准",比较两种仪器对外周血NRBC和WBC的计数结果。结果 XN-2000检测NRBC的灵敏度和阴性预测值均为100%,特异度为97.78%,阳性预测值为87.81%。XN-2000检测的NRBC绝对值、百分比与显微镜计数结果差异无统计学意义(P=0.223 1、0.418 3),且具有显著正相关性(r=0.974、0.943)。XN-2000检测的WBC总数、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比与XE-5000检测结果差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 8、0.004 0、0.001 0、0.003 0),而与XE-5000校正NRBC后的WBC分类计数结果相比,则差异无统计学意义(P=0.251 1、0.752 3、0.224 7、0.414 5)。结论 Sysmex XN-2000全自动血液分析仪可以灵敏、准确地检测外周血NRBC,并可自动校正WBC分类计数结果,有效降低推片复检率,缩短了标本周转时间。     

ARKRAYHA-8180全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪性能评价

目的 对以离子交换高效液相色谱（HPLC）法为原理的ARKRAY HA-8180型全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪（简称HA-8180）检测全血糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）的性能进行评价.方法 参考美国临床和实验室标准化协会（CLSI）文件（EP15-A2,EP6-A,EP28-A3C）及相关文献,对HA-8180测定HbAlc的精密度、携带污染、准确度、回收试验、线性范围以及生物参考区间等进行评价,并将实验结果与制造商提供的分析性能或公认的质量指标进行比较.结果 HbAlc低值和高值样本对应的重复性不精密度变异系数（CV）分别为0.76％和0.50％,实验室内不精密度CV分别为0.79％和0.51％;高值样本对低值样本的结果无明显携带污染（携带污染率为1.08％）;相对偏倚在-1.39％～1.29％之间,偏差符合率为100％;平均回收率为101.54％;在4.7％ ～ 15.8％范围内线性良好;生物参考区间验证结果在美国糖尿病控制与并发症试验/英国前瞻性糖尿病研究（DCCT/UKPDS）提供的4.0％ ～6.0％范围内.结论 HA-8180糖化血红蛋白分析仪检测全血HbAlc性能良好,可在临床广泛使用.     

免疫胶体金法定量检测促甲状腺激素的实验性能测试

目的 免疫胶体金法用于快速检测受试者手指全血的促甲状腺素(TSH),可以定量分析且快速简便.本研究拟对免疫胶体金法定量检测TSH的精密度性能及检测仪器间是否存在差异进行实验研究.方法 设计7个不同浓度的促甲状腺激素(TSH)质控品和人血清样本,每天对各样本重复测定4次,持续5天,计算重复性(批内CV)和中间精密度(CV).选用33份不同浓度的TSH血清标本,分别用检测仪器1和检测仪器2进行判读分析,比较两者结果的相关性.结果 质控品和病人血清TSH浓度为1.20、2.51、3.46、5.02、7.63、10.03、11.08 μIU/mL,对应的批内CV分别为30.00％、17.84％、16.50％、15.00％、13.92％、10.62％、9.62％,中间精密度CV分别为29.23％、20.19％、18.15％、16.60％、15.34％、10.42％、8.76％.二台检测仪器检测TSH值相关性r为0.968,无统计学差异.结论 免疫胶体金法定量检测TSH在低浓度TSH水平的精密度变异较大,但在中高浓度TSH尤其＞10μIU/mL情况下,检测精密性能良好.不同检测仪器间检测结果也无明显差异.     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008