老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力学分析

目的 探讨老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特点。方法 回顾性分析68例≥60岁单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的语频（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz）纯音测听结果、术中所见中耳病变组织特点和听骨链病变情况、病变组织病理检查结果。结果 语频范围内,患耳气导、除4kHz外的骨导阈值均高于对侧耳;胆脂瘤患者与非胆脂瘤患者的气、骨导阈无明显差异;听骨链完好者与破坏者（中断或固定）的气导、2kHz骨导阈值差异具有统计学意义,0.5、1.0、4.0kHz骨导阈值差异不显著。结论 老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力改变有其独特性,掌握老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特征有助于疾病的诊治。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎骨导听力下降的影响因素分析

目的探讨引起慢性化脓性中耳炎骨导听阈提高的因素。方法回顾性分析240例单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的临床资料,对语频区和4.0kHz骨导听力与听骨链、胆脂瘤、鼓膜穿孔的情况作统计学分析。结果患耳与健耳骨导听力阈值之间差异有统计学意义。听骨链破坏和鼓膜穿孔的部位对骨导听阈有一定的影响。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎可引起骨导听力下降。部分患者是由于中耳病变所致,因此积极的治疗可能提高患者的骨导听力。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎与感音神经性聋的相关性分析

目的：探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎与感音神经性聋之间的相关性。方法：回顾分析174例单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的骨导阈值改变。采用配对t检验分析0．5kHz，1．0kHz，2．0kHz，4．0kHz患耳与健耳骨导阈值的差异，单因素方差分析法分析胆脂瘤存在及听骨链破坏对语频(0．5kHz，1．0kHz，2．0kHz)和4．0kHz骨导阈值的影响，直线回归法讨论了语频和4．0kHz骨导阈值改变与年龄和病程之间的相关性。结果：患耳与健耳各频率骨导阈值之间差异有统计学意义。语频骨导听力损失程度随着患者年龄的增加而逐渐加重。胆脂瘤的存在以及听骨链破坏亦未增加感音神经性聋的发生概率。结论：慢性化脓性中耳炎可引起感音神经性聋。高频骨导听阈较低频更易受到影响。     

122例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者术前骨导听力分析

 目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力的影响。方法回顾性分析122例单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,同期选取对侧正常耳作为对照耳,通过对患耳与健耳、不同年龄组、单纯型与胆脂瘤型中耳炎、听骨链完好与听骨链破坏、细菌培养阳性者与阴性者,不同病理患者的术前骨导听力进行研究。所有患者进行纯音测听检查, 并对各频率骨导听阈进行统计学处理, 对影响骨导听力的因素做相关分析。结果0.5、2、4 kHz处,患耳骨导听阈值高于健耳,而低频0.25 kHz及1 kHz处患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异不显著;随年龄增长,患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异有逐渐缩小趋势;中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏者对各频率骨导有明显影响;病程及细菌培养阳性与否对骨导听力损害差异不显著。结论①慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力有明显影响,但在不同频率,损害程度有差异;②慢性化脓性中耳炎可能会影响对侧正常耳的骨导听力;③中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏对骨导听力影响较大。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨链病变及对听力的影响

目的:探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨病变特点、听骨链完整性的判断及对骨导听力的影响.方法:对148例(176耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行术前纯音测听,术中显微镜下观察听骨链病变.结果:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎和鼓膜松弛部穿孔者听骨链多有破坏,松弛部穿孔先破坏锤砧关节,紧张部穿孔先破坏砧镫关节.慢性化脓性中耳炎听骨链完整、活动好52耳,听骨链中断或固定124耳.听骨链完好与听骨链病变者语频段气导听阈、气骨导差比较均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).语频段骨导听阈比较无差异,两者高频骨导听阈均提高.结论:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链多有破坏.语频段气导听阈在40 dB以内,气骨导差在30 dB以内者,听骨链大多完好.气导听阈在55 dB以上,气骨导差在40 dB以上者,听骨链多有中断或固定.慢性化脓性中耳炎可伴有高频骨导听力下降.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎对老年患者骨导听阈的影响

目的 探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎对老年患者骨导听阈的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年3月在北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院治疗且资料完整的60岁以上单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者76例,分别记录患侧耳与对侧耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz四个频率的骨导阈值,以及每例患者中耳炎发病持续时间、听骨链是否中断、是否存在胆脂瘤等情况,并对记录的数据进行统计学分析.结果 患耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz四个频率的骨导阈值均高于对侧耳,差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);胆脂瘤组与非胆脂瘤组相比,仅2 kHz双耳骨导阈值差的差异具有统计学意义(Z=-1.975,P=0.048);听骨链中断组与非中断组双耳骨导阙值差的差异也仅在2 kHz具有统计学意义(Z=-2.721,P=0.007);中耳炎病程10年以下组与10年以上组在1 kHz和2 kHz这两个频率的双耳骨导阈值差的差异具有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.877和-2.624,P值均＜0.01).结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎可以使老年患者骨导阈值提高,对于老年慢性化脓性中耳炎仍应尽早积极治疗,避免感音神经性听力损失.     

510例慢性中耳炎患者人工听骨植入术后听力疗效分析

目的探讨慢性中耳炎患者人工听骨植入术后听力恢复情况。方法对510例(520耳)行人工听骨植入术的慢性化脓性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中148例(150耳)采用全人工听骨植入(TORP)(TORP组),362例(370耳)采用部分人工听骨植入(PORP)(PORP组),比较TORP组和PORP组术后听力疗效。结果TORP组及PORP组术后12个月的听力分别与术前相比,0.25~4 kHz气导平均听阈和气骨导差均有改善(P<0.05),但术后骨导听阈与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后12个月听骨链重建成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TORP组及PORP组术后3个月与术后12个月的骨导平均听阈、气导平均听阈及气骨导差比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TORP和PORP均可有效改善伴听骨链破坏的慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者术后听力。     

钛质人工听小骨在开放式鼓室成形术中的疗效观察与应用体会

目的 探讨Ⅰ期钛质人工听小骨听力重建在慢性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤患者中的临床疗效及应用体会。 方法 回顾性分析行开放式鼓室成形术并接受Ⅰ期钛质人工听小骨听力重建的慢性中耳炎或中耳胆脂瘤患者65例临床资料,比较术前及术后1、3、6个月听力情况和气骨导差(ABG)。 结果 术后第1、3、6个月,纯音气导听阈均值(PTA)较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月ABG均值较术前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后ABG≤20 dB者达39耳(P<0.05)。 结论 开放式鼓室成形术加Ⅰ期钛质人工听小骨行听骨链重建治疗慢性中耳炎和中耳胆脂瘤能够有效提高患者的听力水平;选择适当的手术适应证、良好的手术技巧及围手术期处理是取得成功的保证。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎术前检查指标和听骨链状态的相关性分析

目的:探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎术前检查指标和听骨链状态的相关性。方法:回顾性分析251例(288 耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听骨链状态与鼓膜穿孔类型、术前是否干耳、气导阈值、骨气导差值、乳突汽化程度、 耳源性并发症及胆脂瘤之间的相关性。结果:听骨链中断患者的气导阈值和骨气导差值明显增加;鼓膜松弛部穿 孔、术前持续流脓、存在胆脂瘤耳以及出现并发症耳的听骨链中断发生率明显增加。结论:根据纯音听阈可大致 判断听骨链的完整性和活动度;同时,听骨链状况与鼓膜穿孔类型、术前是否干耳、胆脂瘤耳和耳源性并发症耳具 有明显相关性。     

成人分泌性中耳炎所致骨导听力下降的初步研究

目的:初步研究成人分泌性中耳炎(OME)所致的骨导听力下降.方法:2009-03-2010-02间收集的成人OME 50例,比较51耳中耳穿刺抽液前、后骨导听阈变化;单耳发病对耳健康者,将患耳穿刺前骨导听阈和健耳进行比较24例,穿刺后骨导与健耳比较22例,痊愈后骨导与健耳比较9例,痊愈后高频、超高频与健耳比较4例.结果:中耳穿刺抽出中耳积液后骨导听力在各频(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz)均明显提高,4.0 kHz最显著;单耳发病对耳健康者2耳比较,穿刺前患耳骨导听力(0.5~4.0 kHz)下降,穿刺和痊愈后多数可以恢复至健耳水平;4例中有3例患耳痊愈后的高频、超高频(8、10、12、16 kHz)与健耳相比听力下降.结论:OME的中耳积液和内耳损伤均可引起骨导听力下降,但0.5~4.0 kHz频区的骨导听力下降多由中耳积液所致,内耳损伤早期主要表现为高频、超高频区的听力下降,随病程延长可向较低频区发展.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者鼓室成形术后骨导听力的改变

目的探讨合并骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者鼓室成形术后骨导听力的变化及其相关因素。方法回顾性分析54例（61耳）合并骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎行鼓室成形术患者的临床资料,分析患者术前、术后0．5、1、2、4kHz骨导听力的变化及其与病程、是否合并胆脂瘤、术式、是否行听骨链重建的关系。结果61耳术前骨导平均听力在4kHz处损害最为严重,术后4个频率听力均有不同程度的提高,提高幅度以2kHz处最为显著,术后骨导改善阳性（4个频率无一频率骨导听力下降,且有至少二个频率的骨导听力提高10dB以上）有32耳,阳性率为52．5%。病程长短及是否伴有胆脂瘤与术后骨导听力改善与否无明显相关。行听骨链重建的病例骨导听力提高明显优于未行听骨链重建病例。未行乳突切开的鼓室成形术和保留外耳道后壁的乳突切开鼓室成形术患者术后骨导改善较切除外耳道后壁的乳突切开鼓室成形术患者明显。结论伴骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎经鼓室成形术后部分患者骨导听力可以提高,其术后听力改善程度与病程长短及是否伴有胆脂瘤无关,与手术方式有关。     

Hearing loss assessment in primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma

IntroductionAcquired middle ear cholesteatoma can be classified as primary or secondary. Although both can result in hearing loss, it is still controversial whether there is an association between the type of cholesteatoma and the degree of hearing loss.ObjectiveTo analyze the association between hearing loss and the type of acquired cholesteatoma, and the status of the ossicular chain.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional historical cohort study involving patients diagnosed with acquired cholesteatoma who were surgically treated. Air and bone conduction thresholds, air–bone gaps and the status of the ossicular chain were analyzed for both types of cholesteatoma.ResultsEighty patients aged 5–57 were included in the study. Fifty-one patients had primary cholesteatoma and 29 had secondary cholesteatoma. Both types of cholesteatoma determined greater air–bone gaps at 0.5 kHz. Secondary cholesteatoma determined greater hearing loss in all analyzed frequencies and higher air conduction and air–bone gap means.ConclusionThere was association between hearing loss and the type of cholesteatoma. Secondary cholesteatoma resulted in greater hearing impairment.     

Predisposing factors for inner ear hearing loss association with chronic otitis media

The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of chronic otitis media on inner ear function. Retrospective analysis of conventional pure-tone audiometry tests was carried out on 344 patients who were scheduled for surgical treatment of unilateral chronic otitis media without other risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss. Bone conduction thresholds of diseased ears were compared with those of contralateral, non-diseased ears. Selected clinical features were assessed among diseased ears to examine possible influences on inner ear function. Mean bone conduction threshold differences varied from 0.6 dB at 0.5 kHz to 3.7 dB at 4 kHz. These differences augmented with increasing duration of middle ear disease. Impaired hearing by bone conduction thresholds of diseased ears correlated with increased age at every frequency and with an interruption of the ossicular chain only at higher frequencies. The severity of sensorineural hearing loss correlated with longer duration of middle ear disease. Thus, surgical treatment of dry and apparently stable tympanic membrane perforation is warranted.     

Predisposing factors for inner ear hearing loss association with chronic otitis media

The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of chronic otitis media on inner ear function. Retrospective analysis of conventional pure-tone audiometry tests was carried out on 344 patients who were scheduled for surgical treatment of unilateral chronic otitis media without other risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss. Bone conduction thresholds of diseased ears were compared with those of contralateral, non-diseased ears. Selected clinical features were assessed among diseased ears to examine possible influences on inner ear function. Mean bone conduction threshold differences varied from 0.6?dB at 0.5?kHz to 3.7?dB at 4?kHz. These differences augmented with increasing duration of middle ear disease. Impaired hearing by bone conduction thresholds of diseased ears correlated with increased age at every frequency and with an interruption of the ossicular chain only at higher frequencies. The severity of sensorineural hearing loss correlated with longer duration of middle ear disease. Thus, surgical treatment of dry and apparently stable tympanic membrane perforation is warranted.     

Pure-tone hearing thresholds in otologically healthy 5-year-old children in Finland

We measured the pure-tone air and bone conduction hearing of 359 randomly selected otologically normal urban preschool children in Finland at the average age of 5.2 years. Children with otoscopically verified middle ear pathology or abnormal impedance audiometry were not included in this sample. The mean air conduction thresholds varied from 16.6 dB at 0.125 kHz to 6.6 dB at 2 kHz, and the mean bone conduction thresholds from 6.0 dB at 0.25 kHz to 0.7 dB at 4 kHz. The pure-tone average (of air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) of all the ears was 7.6 dB. The distribution of single air conduction hearing thresholds at the frequencies from 0.25 kHz to 4 kHz showed that 66%-75% were at the 5-10 dB level.     

Pure-tone hearing thresholds in otologically healthy 5-year-old children in Finland

Summary We measured the pure-tone air and bone conduction hearing of 359 randomly selected otologically normal urban preschool children in Finland at the average age of 5.2 years. Children with otoscopically verified middle ear pathology or abnormal impedance audiometry were not included in this sample. The mean air conduction thresholds varied from 16.6 dB at 0.125 kHz to 6.6 dB at 2 kHz, and the mean bone conduction thresholds from 6.0 dB at 0.25 kHz to 0.7 dB at 4 kHz. The pure-tone average (of air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) of all the ears was 7.6 dB. The distribution of single air conduction hearing thresholds at the frequencies from 0.25 kHz to 4 kHz showed that 66%–75% were at the 5–10 dB level.     

Ossicular chain reconstruction improves bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media

This study aimed to assess the elevation of bone conduction threshold in patients with chronic otitis media and to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. One hundred and six patients with unilateral chronic otitis media who had undergone a tympanomastoidectomy were reviewed retrospectively. The differences in the bone conduction thresholds between the diseased and normal sides were assessed and compared according to the duration of the disease and the presence of cholesteatoma. Post-operative changes in the bone conduction threshold were also assessed. The mean bone conduction thresholds were significantly elevated on the diseased side, ranging from 3.4 to 11.6 dB across frequencies, with a maximal elevation at 2000 Hz. The duration of disease and the presence of cholesteatoma did not affect the degree of the bone conduction elevation. After ossicular reconstruction, bone conduction thresholds improved significantly at all frequencies, with the greatest improvement being observed at 2000 Hz. These results suggest that the elevation in the bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media is mainly caused by a change in the conductive mechanism in the middle ear.