黔南地区人体隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

目的:了解黔南地区隐孢子虫病的感染情况及其流行特征。方法:对1946份人粪和48份动物粪便标本用改良抗酸染色法查隐孢子虫卵囊。结果:黔南地区隐孢子虫病感染率为2.11％;农村居民感染率为2.50％,城市居民感染率为0.29％;12岁以下儿童感染率为5.55％,成人仅0.95％;婴幼儿患者占总病例数的46.34％。结论:首次报道黔南地区隐孢子虫病并非少见,应引起足够的重视。     

潍坊地区动物稳孢子虫病的流行情况调查

目的：调查潍坊地区动物稳孢子虫病的流行情况。方法：采集犊牛和其它家畜粪便标本,用金胺-酚染色法及改良抗酸复染法检查隐孢子虫卵囊。结果：犊牛的感染率为37.3%(194/520),4周龄内小牛的感染率为55.4%（102/184）。从患者和健康者家中采集的家畜粪便卵囊阳性率分别为18.03%(11/61)和3.23%(2/62),二者之间差异有显著性。结论：潍坊地区奶牛有较高的感染率,病畜可能为本质的传染源,且夏秋季为感染的高峰期。     

青岛地区哺乳动物隐孢子虫感染调查

目的 了解青岛地区哺乳动物隐孢子虫感染状况及最佳检测方法.方法 收集青岛地区某些县(市)的猪、狗、猫及青岛大学医学院寄生虫学教研室实验用小鼠、大鼠、兔粪便388份,分别应用改良抗酸染色、金胺-酚染色、金胺-酚串联改良抗酸染色法检测隐孢子虫,并在生理盐水、饱和盐水及碘液中对隐孢子虫卵囊进行形态学观察.用腹泻儿童粪便中分离隐孢子虫卵囊感染2只幼犬,对其进行病原学和病理学观察.结果 哺乳动物隐孢子虫检出率为15.98%(62/388),其中家养动物猪、狗和猫隐孢子虫检出率分别为4.71%(8/170)、22.22%(10/45)和0(0/15),实验动物小鼠、大鼠和兔隐孢子虫检出率分别为31.03%(9/29)、40.00%(24/60)和15.94%(11/69).实验动物隐孢子虫检出率(27.85%)明显高于家养动物(7.86%)(χ2=27.965,P<0.01).人隐孢子虫卵囊感染幼犬后产生明显腹泻症状,粪便中查到隐孢子虫卵囊,大小形态与人株相似,肠壁病变明显.结论 在青岛地区哺乳动物中查出隐孢子虫感染,金胺-酚串联改良抗酸染色法效果最好.对甲醛液保存时间较长的粪便标本,金胺-酚染色法染色后,用体积分数0.03盐酸-乙醇脱色5 min,再用改良抗酸法染色,可提高卵囊检出率.隐孢子虫人株对狗无宿主特异性,并且具有明显致病性.     

HIV感染者合并隐孢子虫的基因分型调查

目的了解河池市HIV感染者的隐孢子虫感染情况。方法收集258例HIV感染者的粪便样本,采用基于18S rRNA基因的巢式PCR方法进行检测。对巢氏PCR产物进行测序,同源性比对,明确基因型。结果河池市HIV感染者合并隐孢子虫的感染率为2.33%(6/258),伴有慢性腹泻的HIV感染者合并隐孢子虫的感染率为6.98%(6/86),虫株基因鉴定为安氏隐孢子虫和人隐孢子虫。结论河池市HIV感染者存在隐孢子虫合并感染,需明确其流行特点,有待进一步调查。     

广州家禽、家畜批发市场六种动物隐孢子虫感染情况的调查

目的调查广州家禽、家畜批发市场兔、鸭(含雏鸭)、羊、鸡、狗、鸽6种动物的隐孢子虫感染情况。方法取上述动物的粪便292份，用金胺-酚-改良抗酸复染法染色，镜检卵囊。结果检查的6种动物均发现有隐孢子虫感染，自然感染率分别为：64．1％，54．3％(45．0％)，21．7％，20．6％，20．0％，14．6％。结论广州家禽、家畜批发市场6种动物存在隐孢子虫感染。     

成都市某三甲医院腹泻儿童轮状病毒和隐孢子虫感染调查

目的了解成都市腹泻儿童轮状病毒和隐孢子虫的感染情况。方法收集成都市某三甲妇幼医院腹泻儿童粪便样本297份,采用快速诊断试剂盒(胶体金法)进行轮状病毒抗原检测,同时分别用改良抗酸染色法检查隐孢子虫卵囊,用ELISA检测试剂盒检测隐孢子虫卵囊抗原。结果共检出轮状病毒阳性31例,男童与女童阳性率分别为12. 43%和7. 50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);两种隐孢子虫检测方法均未发现阳性病例。结论轮状病毒是成都市儿童腹泻的主要原因之一,感染以6个月至2岁患儿为主;成都市儿童腹泻患者的隐孢子虫感染率低于预期,此结果需要更大样本量的调查进行确认。     

婴幼儿隐孢子虫病3例报道

<正> 隐孢子虫病(Cryptosporidiosis)是由隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)引起的一种寄生虫病。1976年Nime 等首先发现人体病例。我国南京地区1986年首先在腹泻儿童粪便标本中检出隐孢子虫卵囊。我院于1990年7～8月份对肠道门诊200例婴幼儿腹泻患儿粪标本进行检测,发现隐孢子虫卵囊阳性3例,现报告如下。例1,男,1岁。以腹泻1周于1990年7月11日就诊,大便为稀或稠便,7～8次/d,无脓血,不发热。粪常规镜检脓细胞少量,粪     

上海市综合性医院腹泻患者隐孢子虫感染状况调查

目的了解上海市综合性医院腹泻患者隐孢子虫感染情况,为防控隐孢子虫病提供科学依据。方法选择上海市3所综合性医院肠道门诊,2013—2015年期间采集门诊腹泻患者新鲜粪便,采用病原学的改良抗酸染色法和检测粪抗原的免疫层析试剂条法进行检测,以了解腹泻患者隐孢子虫感染状况,并对感染特征进行分析。结果检测腹泻患者粪便样本2 817份,检出隐孢子虫病原学阳性37份,总阳性率为1.31%。3所医院腹泻患者病原学阳性率间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),隐孢子虫阳性者性别、年龄和文化程度分布差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),职业以外来务工人员阳性率较高。6—9月为发病高峰,夏季明显高于冬季(P0.05)。各类性状粪便隐孢子虫阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。有腹痛、恶心、呕吐、发热和不洁食物史者分别为67.57%、21.62%、18.92%、16.22%、51.35%。试剂条法检测隐孢子虫粪抗原阳性率为2.59%。结论春末和夏秋季是隐孢子虫感染高发季节,应加强监测。联合应用多种检测方法能提高隐孢子虫检出率。     

铜山县周棚村人群隐孢子虫感染调查

230份农村儿童成人粪便，采用改良抗酸染色法进行粪便涂片染色，发现隐孢子虫卵囊阳性者12例，感染率为5．22％，其中11例为儿童，平均年龄19．6个月。最大者则3岁，成人1例为女性，其子及侄女均为感染隐孢子虫。     

隐孢子虫病实验与临床研究——Ⅱ.不同动物隐孢子虫感染观察

BALb/c小鼠66只、Wistar大鼠38只、豚鼠10只和家兔6只分别给予皮下注射醋酸可的松,每周2只.连续给药3周后开始用金胺—酚染色、改良耐酸染色和沙黄—美蓝染色法检查动物粪便中隐孢子虫卵囊.小鼠隐孢子虫卵囊阳性率为71.21%(47/66);大鼠则为34.21%(13/38).小鼠粪便中卵囊数量明显多于大鼠.小鼠粪便中隐孢子虫卵囊可分为大型囊(7.47μ×5.90μ)和小型囊(4.6μ×4.33μ)两种.豚鼠与家兔均未能检出隐孢子虫卵囊.小鼠口服或皮下注射地塞米松均未能诱发隐孢子虫感染.提示小鼠皮下注射醋酸可的松可能是一种较好的建立隐孢子虫感染动物模型的方法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.