基于ReHo方法的大学生网络成瘾静息功能磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨网络成瘾大学生静息状态脑功能特点。方法:采用ReHo分析方法 ,19名网络成瘾大学生及19名对照进行磁共振脑功能成像,比较两组平均脑ReHo图的差异。结果:IAD组ReHo值升高区域主要集中在小脑、脑干、扣带回(右侧)、双侧海马旁回、右侧额叶(直回,额中回及额下回)、左侧额上回、左侧楔前叶、右侧中央后回、右侧枕中回、右侧颞下回、左侧颞上回及颞中回;ReHo降低的区域仅表现在左侧顶叶的楔前叶。结论:网络成瘾大学生局域一致性存在异常,大部分脑区同步性增强,小脑、脑干、边缘叶、额顶叶同步性增强可能与网络成瘾奖赏通路有关。     

利用脑局部一致性方法对儿童全身强直发作性癫痫的研究

目的　应用静息态功能磁共振局部一致性方法研究儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者脑区异常活动,探讨其发生的病理生理机制。 方法　对8例儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者和30例正常儿童进行磁共振扫描,并计算全脑局部一致性的值,进行组间比较并研究局部一致性与病程的相关性。 结果　与对照组相比,癫痫组ReHo值增高的脑区为大脑深部核团（扣带回,丘脑,楔前叶等）,运动相关脑区,额下回,枕叶,颞叶和小脑;ReHo值降低的脑区为双侧额中回、右侧颞中回、左侧颞上回、双侧中央后回、左侧舌回。全身强直发作性癫痫与病程呈正相关的脑区为左侧楔前叶、左侧顶上小叶、右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回;与病程呈负相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶、右侧角回、中央旁小叶。 结论　局部一致性分析方法可以有效地反映癫痫患者异常的神经功能变化,有助于发现强直发作性癫痫发生的病理生理机制。     

Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with hippocampal and prefrontal cortex volumes

A rapidly increasing number of studies are quantifying the system-level network architecture of the human brain based on structural-to-structural and functional-to-functional relationships. However, a largely unexplored area is the nature and existence of “cross-modal” structural–functional relationships, in which, for example, the volume (or other morphological property) of one brain region is related to the functional response to a given task either in that same brain region, or another brain region. The present study investigated whether the gray matter volume of a selected group of structures (superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, thalamus, and hippocampus) was correlated with the fMRI response to a working memory task, within a mask of regions previously identified as involved with working memory. The subjects included individuals with schizophrenia, their siblings, and healthy controls (n = 154 total). Using rigorous permutation testing to define the null distribution, we found that the volume of the superior and middle frontal gyri was correlated with working memory activity within clusters in the intraparietal sulcus (i.e., dorsal parietal cortex) and that the volume of the hippocampus was correlated with working memory activity within clusters in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus. However, we did not find evidence that the identified structure–function relationships differed between subject groups. These results show that long-distance structural–functional relationships exist within the human brain. The study of such cross-modal relationships represents an additional approach for studying systems-level interregional brain networks.     

遭受多重侵害高职高专女生静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的:探讨遭受多重侵害的高职高专女生静息态脑功能磁共振特点。方法:15名遭受多重侵害无创伤后应激症状被试(PV无PTSS组)、15名多重侵害有创伤后应激症状被试(PV有PTSS组)和15名正常对照接受静息态脑功能扫描。采用SPM8和静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包分别进行数据预处理和ReHo分析。结果:静息状态下,与对照组相比,PV无PTSS组左侧额下回、左右额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧梭状回、左右海马旁回、右侧扣带回、左右豆状核和右侧岛叶的ReHo值降低;左右额上回、左右额中回、左右额下回、左右顶下小叶、左右楔前叶、左右颞上回、左侧颞横回、左右颞中回、右侧舌回和右侧扣带后回的ReHo值升高。与PV有PTSS组相比,PV无PTSS组在右侧额中回和额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回、左右海马旁回、左侧扣带回和左侧豆状核ReHo值降低;在左右额上回、左右额中回、左侧额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、左右顶下小叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核ReHo值升高。结论:遭受多重侵害但无创伤后应激症状的高职高专女生在静息状态下脑默认网络以及岛叶、基底神经节、海马旁回存在局部一致性信号异常,这些脑区异常可能为遭受多重侵害导致精神障碍的发病机制提供重要线索。     

Responses to rare visual target and distractor stimuli using event-related fMRI

Previous studies have found that the P300 or P3 event-related potential (ERP) component is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of many disorders that influence CNS function. However, the anatomic locations of brain regions involved in this response are not precisely known. In the present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, methods of stimulus presentation, data acquisition, and data analysis were optimized for the detection of brain activity in response to stimuli presented in the three-stimulus oddball task. This paradigm involves the interleaved, pseudorandom presentation of single block-letter target and distractor stimuli that previously were found to generate the P3b and P3a ERP subcomponents, respectively, and frequent standard stimuli. Target stimuli evoked fMRI signal increases in multiple brain regions including the thalamus, the bilateral cerebellum, and the occipital-temporal cortex as well as bilateral superior, medial, inferior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, precentral, postcentral, cingulate, insular, left middle temporal, and right middle frontal gyri. Distractor stimuli evoked an fMRI signal change bilaterally in inferior anterior cingulate, medial frontal, inferior frontal, and right superior frontal gyri, with additional activity in bilateral inferior parietal lobules, lateral cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, and left fusiform, middle occipital, and superior temporal gyri. Significant variation in the amplitude and polarity of distractor-evoked activity was observed across stimulus repetitions. No overlap was observed between target- and distractor-evoked activity. These event-related fMRI results shed light on the anatomy of responses to target and distractor stimuli that have proven useful in many ERP studies of healthy and clinically impaired populations.     

基于局部一致性(ReHo)方法的慢性吸烟静息状态功能磁共振(fMRI)研究

目的:探讨慢性吸烟者静息状态下的脑功能活动情况。方法:采用局部一致性(ReHo)方法,对44名慢性吸烟者和44名与之相匹配的不吸烟的健康志愿者在静息状态下脑功能活动情况进行比较分析。结果:与不吸烟者相比,慢性吸烟者静息状态右侧额下回BOLD信号ReHo降低,左侧顶上回BOLD信号ReHo增强(P<0.05,纠正后,cluster水平)。结论:研究结果提示慢性吸烟会导致额叶和顶叶脑区功能活动的改变。     

原发性失眠患者大脑背外侧前额叶的异常静息态功能连接

目的:利用功能连接方法观察原发性失眠患者静息态下的背外侧前额叶的异常功能连接。方法:采集33 例原 发性失眠患者以及33 例年龄、性别和受教育程度相匹配的健康对照的功能磁共振图像,以背外侧前额叶为感兴趣区 域,与全脑其他体素进行功能连接分析,得到两组之间功能连接的差异脑区,再对异常功能连接脑区与临床的量表分 数做相关分析。结果:与对照组相比,发现失眠患者左侧背外侧前额叶与左侧枕下回、右侧枕下回、右侧枕中回、右侧 颞叶、左侧额中回,左侧额下回以及右侧梭状回之间的功能连接增强（P<0.05,体素簇个数≥100,FDR校正）,与左侧前 扣带皮层、右侧海马旁回、右侧脑岛、右侧背外侧额上回、右侧顶上回、右侧中央后回以及右侧中央前回之间的功能连 接减弱（P<0.05,体素簇个数≥100,FDR校正）。并且左侧背外侧前额叶与左侧枕叶下回的功能连接值与睡眠状况自评 量表分数成正相关（P=0.035）。结论:原发性失眠患者背外侧前额叶与大脑多个脑区出现异常的功能连接,可能为理 解原发性失眠患者的神经机制提供一些新的影像学依据。     

静息态脑功能技术对平衡针治疗中枢机制的分析应用

背景：平衡针治疗疾病疗效显著,但缺乏相关现代科学理论机制。 目的：利用静息态脑功能成像技术探讨平衡针疗法的中枢作用机制。 方法：纳入10例腰椎间盘突出腰腿痛患者及10例正常受试者,于平衡针针刺前后进行功能磁共振扫描,通过AFNI软件对与双侧杏仁核表现为显著联系的脑区进行功能连接分析,并对平衡针刺后腰椎间盘突出患者及正常受试者的脑功能连接的差异进行探讨。 结果与结论：经平衡针治疗后10例腰椎间盘突出患者疼痛均有好转。脑功能连接分析显示腰椎间盘突出患者丘脑、脑干、腹前核、腹外侧核、额内侧回、额上回、额叶眶上回、额下回、颞上回、颞中回、海马回、扣带回、岛叶等脑区功能连接增强。正常受试者双侧颞中回、双侧眶上回、双侧尾状核头、双侧岛叶、左侧腹背侧核、双侧额上回、左侧额中回、前扣带回、右侧顶下小叶与杏仁核连接增强;双侧小脑齿状核、小脑蚓、左侧小脑坡、双侧舌回、左侧枕中回、右侧额上回、右侧中央前回、双侧顶下小叶、右侧顶上小叶、右侧中央后回与杏仁核连接下降。提示通过静息脑功能成像技术对杏仁核的研究有助于更深入理解平衡针灸治疗腰腿痛的中枢机制。     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者自发活动性异常的脑区与MoCA的相关性研究

目的 基于静息态功能磁共振局部一致性技术探讨糖尿病视网膜病变患者局部脑区一致性的改变及与认知关系.方法 选择27例糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)及与之年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的单纯糖尿病(N-DR)患者27例,均进行实验室检查、蒙特利尔量表(MoCA)检测及头颅磁共振扫描.利用多元回归分析及Pearson回归分析观察临床变量与活动性异常活动脑区ReHo值之间的关系.结果 相对于N-DR,DR患者在左小脑后叶、右额叶/额中回/内侧回、右枕叶/楔叶/距状回、左颞叶/上/中回、右边缘叶/后扣带回、左顶叶/中央后回ReHo值降低;在左额叶/眶部额上回、左顶叶/楔前叶ReHo值增强.而且MoCA量表评分与颞叶及楔前叶异常活动的脑区存在相关性.降低的枕叶距状回及颞叶中回与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关,增强的眶额叶与糖化血红蛋白呈正相关.结论 糖尿病视网膜病变患者存在多个脑区活动性异常的表现,且这些局部异常活动的脑区与认知功能及糖化血红蛋白存在相关.     

Differentiated parietal connectivity of frontal regions for “what” and “where” memory

In a previous meta-analysis across almost 200 neuroimaging experiments, working memory for object location showed significantly stronger convergence on the posterior superior frontal gyrus, whereas working memory for identity showed stronger convergence on the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (dorsal to, but overlapping with Brodmann’s area BA 44). As similar locations have been discussed as part of a dorsal frontal—superior parietal reach system and an inferior frontal grasp system, the aim of the present study was to test whether the regions of working-memory related “what” and “where” processing show a similar distinction in parietal connectivity. The regions that were found in the previous meta-analysis were used as seeds for functional connectivity analyses using task-based meta-analytic connectivity modelling and task-independent resting state correlations. While the ventral seed showed significantly stronger connectivity with the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the dorsal seed showed stronger connectivity with the bilateral posterior inferior parietal and the medial superior parietal lobule. The observed connections of regions involved in memory for object location and identity thus clearly demonstrate a distinction into separate pathways that resemble the parietal connectivity patterns of the dorsal and ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates and humans. It may hence be speculated that memory for a particular location and reaching towards it as well as object memory and finger positioning for manipulation may rely on shared neural systems. Moreover, the ensuing regions, in turn, featured differential connectivity with the bilateral ventral and dorsal extrastriate cortex, suggesting largely segregated bilateral connectivity pathways from the dorsal visual cortex via the superior and inferior parietal lobules to the dorsal posterior frontal cortex and from the ventral visual cortex via the IPS to the ventral posterior frontal cortex that may underlie action and cognition.     

Scalp acupuncture enhances local brain regions functional activities and functional connections between cerebral hemispheres in acute ischemic stroke patients

This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connections between cerebral hemispheres and local brain regions functional activities in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with International Standard Scalp Acupuncture (ISSA). Thirty patients with middle cerebral artery AIS in the dominant hemisphere were selected and randomly divided into two groups such as the control group and the scalp acupuncture group, with 15 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, while patients in the scalp acupuncture group received ISSA (acupuncture at the parietal midline [MS5], acupuncture at the left anterior parietotemporal oblique line [MS6] and acupuncture at the left posterior parietotemporal oblique line [MS7]) for one course of treatment. All patients were evaluated for treatment efficacy and received whole brain resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) scan before and after treatment. The observational indicators included: (a) the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and the simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (SFMA) scores; (b) analyses of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). The results showed a significant difference in the NIHSS scores before and after treatment in the scalp acupuncture group compared with the control group (p < .05), indicating that patients improved better after scalp acupuncture treatment. Compared with the control group, the VMHC, ALFF and ReHo values in the scalp acupuncture group increased after treatment. The VMHC values increased in the brain regions dominated by bilateral BA6 and BA8; the ALFF values increased in the left BA39 and the adjacent superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus; and the ReHo values increased in the brain regions extending from left middle temporal gyrus (including BA21) to BA37, and the brain regions extending from the left BA40 and angular gyrus to BA7. The present study indicated that scalp acupuncture can specifically strengthen the functional activities of the brain regions related to sensory integration, language processing and motor coordination in the middle aged and elderly patients with AIS of the dominant cerebral hemisphere, and can strengthen bilateral frontal lobe motor control. This study may provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of ISSA treatment in patients with AIS, and may also provide a preliminary research basis for further animal experiments.     

Neural sources involved in auditory target detection and novelty processing: an event-related fMRI study

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) techniques to examine the cerebral sites involved with target detection and novelty processing of auditory stimuli. Consistent with the results from a recent erfMRI study in the visual modality, target processing was associated with activation bilaterally in the anterior superior temporal gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, anterior and posterior cingulate, thalamus, caudate, and the amygdala/hippocampal complex. Analyses of the novel stimuli revealed activation bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, inferior parietal lobule, and in the inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyri. These data suggest that the scalp recorded event-related potentials (e.g., N2 and P3) elicited during similar tasks reflect an ensemble of neural generators located in spatially remote cortical areas.     

Identifying 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Psychosis Using Resting-State Connectivity Patterns

The clinical picture associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) includes mild mental retardation and an increased risk of schizophrenia. While the clinical phenotype has been related to structural brain network alterations, there is only scarce information about functional connectivity in 22q11DS. However, such studies could lead to a better comprehension of the disease and reveal potential biomarkers for psychosis. A connectivity decoding approach was used to discriminate between 42 patients with 22q11DS and 41 controls using resting-state connectivity. The same method was then applied within the 22q11DS group to identify brain connectivity patterns specifically related to the presence of psychotic symptoms. An accuracy of 84 % was achieved in differentiating patients with 22q11DS from controls. The discriminative connections were widespread, but predominantly located in the bilateral frontal and right temporal lobes, and were significantly correlated to IQ. An 88 % accuracy was obtained for identification of existing psychotic symptoms within the patients group. The regions containing most discriminative connections included the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the left superior temporal and the right inferior frontal gyri. Functional connectivity alterations in 22q11DS affect mostly frontal and right temporal lobes and are related to the syndrome’s mild mental retardation. These results also provide evidence that resting-state connectivity can potentially become a biomarker for psychosis and that ACC plays an important role in the development of psychotic symptoms.     

General intelligence and memory span: evidence for a common neuroanatomic framework

General intelligence (g) is highly correlated with working-memory capacity (WMC). It has been argued that these central psychological constructs should share common neural systems. The present study examines this hypothesis using structural magnetic resonance imaging to determine any overlap in brain areas where regional grey matter volumes are correlated to measures of general intelligence and to memory span. In normal volunteers (N = 48) the results (p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons) indicate that a common anatomic framework for these constructs implicates mainly frontal grey matter regions belonging to Brodmann area (BA) 10 (right superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus) and, to a lesser degree, the right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40). These findings support the nuclear role of a discrete parieto-frontal network.     

经手术和语音康复后非综合征型唇腭裂儿童静息态脑功能改变的磁共振特征

目的：探讨非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCLP）患儿在外科修复术和语音治疗康复后静息状态脑功能模式。方法：选取北京儿童医院和北京口腔医院就诊的28例NSCLP儿童和28例性别和年龄相匹配的健康者（对照组）,进行3DT1和静息态功能性磁共振数据采集。使用DPARSFA软件进行预处理并计算低频振幅（ALFF）和局部一致性（ReHo）,采用双样本t检验评价组间差异（TFCE校正, P<0.05）。对于有显著性差异脑区的静息态脑功能参数与汉语语言清晰度量表（CLCDS）评分进行相关性分析。结果：NSCLP患儿左颞中回、左枕中回、右楔叶、右楔前叶、左中央后回、左顶上小叶ALFF值明显降低。与对照组相比,ReHo值降低脑区包括左侧的中央后回、中央前回、顶上小叶、缘上回和旁中央小叶。异常脑区的ALFF值和ReHo值与CLCDS评分无显著性相关。结论：经外科修复手术和语音治疗康复后的NSCLP患儿静息态自发性神经元活动及其协调性仍未达到正常水平,且以优势半球的语言相关脑区异常为主。     

Regional homogeneity of fMRI time series in autism spectrum disorders

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have suggested atypical patterns of activation and long-distance connectivity for diverse tasks and networks in ASD. We explored the regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach in ASD, which is analogous to conventional fcMRI, but focuses on local connectivity. FMRI data of 26 children with ASD and 29 typically developing (TD) children were acquired during continuous task performance (visual search). Effects of motion and task were removed and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC) was computed, based on the correlation of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series for each voxel and its six nearest neighbors. ReHo was lower in the ASD than the TD group in superior parietal and anterior prefrontal regions. Inverse effects of greater ReHo in the ASD group were detected in lateral and medial temporal regions, predominantly in the right hemisphere. Our findings suggest that ReHo is a sensitive measure for detecting cortical abnormalities in autism. However, impact of methodological factors (such as spatial resolution) on ReHo require further investigation.     

Comparative study of regional homogeneity in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder

Compelling evidence suggests that there is a considerable overlap in structural and functional alternation in the brain between different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether these overlaps are specific for schizophrenia has yet to be investigated. A total of 36 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 43 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 44 healthy controls were recruited to undergo resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) for analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal and temporal lobes were generated and one‐way ANOVA was performed to test the ReHo differences within these ROIs between the above three groups. The ReHo values within ROIs were extracted to investigate whether a left‐right asymmetry existed in a mental disorder. One‐way ANOVA showed significant differences in ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus; post hoc analysis revealed that schizophrenic patients had lower ReHo in the left superior temporal gyrus than either control subjects or patients with MDD. Increased ReHo was observed in the right superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, and a left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry was also found in this region in schizophrenic patients. The above alterations in ReHo were not affected by age and genders. Our study suggests that the altered ReHo in the superior frontal and temporal gyrus may be specific for schizophrenia rather than MDD. A left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry activation pattern may exist in the resting‐state superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia. This finding would be helpful for better understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Divergent brain network connectivity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Using resting state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging and independent component analysis, the integrity of brain networks related to cognition and behavior was investigated in 20 nondemented patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The association between RS functional connectivity and executive functions was assessed in 16 patients with neuropsychological assessment. ALS patients compared with control subjects showed a decreased connectivity of the right orbitofrontal cortex, and an enhanced connectivity of the left precuneus in the default mode network; a decreased connectivity of the left inferior frontal cortex, and an increased connectivity of the right angular gyrus in the right frontoparietal network; and an increased connectivity of the parietal cortex in the left frontoparietal network. The enhanced parietal connectivity was associated with the clinical and cognitive deficits of the patients. In ALS, an alteration of large-scale functional brain networks associated with cognition does occur, even in the absence of overt dementia. The increased parietal connectivity may have a role in an attempt to maintain cognitive efficiency in the presence of structural frontotemporal injury.     

Real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback reinforces causality of attention networks

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI)-based neurofeedback method for the modulation of the effective connectivity (EC) of causality between attention-related neuronal activities. In participants who received the feedback of attention-related neuronal activity, the EC estimated from Granger causality analysis was reinforced within the task-related network, such as between the bilateral cingulate gyri and frontal cortices, whereas the EC between the task-related network and task-unrelated resting-state network, including the inferior parietal lobule, was diminished. On the other hand, only marginal changes were observed in participants who received "sham" feedback. This "dynamic" characteristic measure of EC based on causality may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of methods designed to modulate brain networks, including rtfMRI-based neurofeedback.     

男性攻击性精神分裂症患者杏仁核功能连接的磁共振研究

目的:探讨男性攻击性精神分裂症患者是否存在杏仁核与其他脑区功能连接的异常.方法:对有攻击行为和没有攻击行为的男性精神分裂症患者各13例进行静息状态下功能磁共振成像.结果:与非攻击组相比,攻击组双侧额中回、右侧额上回、右侧脑岛、右侧顶上小叶、右侧扣带回等脑区与左侧杏仁核功能连接增强;双侧额上回、额中回、双侧颞上回、右侧颢中回等脑区与右侧杏仁核功能增强.结论:杏仁核与多个脑区之间特别是与额上回、额中回的功能连接增强可能与男性精神分裂症患者的攻击行为有关.