青年人急性冠脉综合征临床及冠脉造影特点分析

目的:研究青年人急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者的临床特点、冠状动脉病变特点及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary invention,PCI)的疗效特点,探讨如何防治青年人的冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD).方法:从经冠脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)确诊为ACS并行PCI的患者1 014例中选择所有年龄≤45岁为A组,共59例;年龄≥65岁为B组,共531例.从危险因素、诱发因素、临床特点、冠脉病变程度及PCI的疗效来进行回顾分析.结果:A组患者发病前均有明显诱发因素(86.44%比43.5%,P=0.0000);B组多合并高血压(16.95%比46.33%,P=0.0000)、糖尿病(6.78%比27.68%,P=0.0005)、高尿酸血症(18.64%比49.53%,P=0.0000).A组单支病变发生率高(72.88%比35%,P=0.0000),而B组多支病变发病率高(11.86%比26.93%,P=0.0117),慢性钙化性病变(cTO)发生率高(5.08%比25.42%,P=0.0005),且侧支循环形成多(18.64%比 38.42%,P=0.0028).A组手术成功率高,术后并发症很少,而B组手术成功率较A组低,术后并发症多.结论:大量饮酒、吸烟、高脂血症及家族遗传因素是年青冠心病患者不可忽视的危险因素;年青的ACS患者手术成功率高,应积极行PCI术.     

不同治疗方案对小儿急性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效分析

目的:分析不同治疗方案对小儿急性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的疗效,寻求急性ITP安全有效的治疗方法。方法:选取2010年2月-2015年10月就诊于本院的小儿急性ITP患者98例,依据治疗方式的不同将研究对象分为A组(n=31)、B组(n=33)、C组(n=34)。A组在压迫止血等治疗的基础上联合注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗,B、C组在A组基础上分别经静脉滴注1、2 g/kg人免疫球蛋白,均连续治疗7 d,比较三组治疗前后的血小板计数及临床疗效。结果:治疗第4天、治疗后,三组血小板计数均高于治疗前,B、C组均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但B、C组血小板计数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗后三组血小板计数均高于治疗第4天(P0.05);治疗第4天、治疗后,B、C组总有效率均高于A组(P0.05),但B、C组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者治疗期间肝肾功能正常,均未见有严重并发症发生。结论:注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠联合人免疫球蛋白是小儿急性ITP安全有效的治疗方式,可考虑推广运用。     

大剂量沐舒坦联合NCPAP治疗小儿重症肺炎的效果研究

目的:探讨大剂量沐舒坦联合NCPAP治疗小儿重症肺炎的效果。方法:选取2018年1-12月本院儿科收治的小儿重症肺炎患儿123例作为研究对象,按治疗方法不同分为A组(n=42)、B组(n=41)、C组(n=40),在综合治疗的基础上,A组予以大剂量沐舒坦联合NCPAP治疗,B组单纯予以大剂量沐舒坦,C组单纯予以NCPAP治疗,比较三组的临床疗效。结果:治疗前,A、B、C三组的PaO2、FiO2和OI值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,A组的PaO2、OI值均高于B、C组,FiO2低于B、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组的发绀持续时间、呼吸困难持续时间、住院时间均短于B、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组的总有效率显著高于B、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在小儿重症肺炎的临床治疗中采用大剂量沐舒坦联合NCPAP治疗效果良好,值得临床推广应用。     

观察腹腔镜治疗小儿急性阑尾炎的临床效果

目的将腹腔镜用于小儿急性阑尾炎治疗中,对其临床效果进行评价。方法对我院收治的214例小儿急性阑尾炎患儿分组研究,以手术意愿将其分为A组(n=107)与B组(n=107),分别给予不同手术治疗方案。B组行常规开腹阑尾切除术,A组行腹腔镜手术,对两组手术情况、并发症情况进行比较分析。结果与B组相比,A组术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、体温恢复时间、住院时间各项临床指标均更好(P0.05);A组并发症率为2.80%,与B组29.91%相比,明显更低(P0.05);A组手术总有效率为97.20%,与B组85.98%相比,明显更高(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜用于小儿急性阑尾炎治疗中效果理想,可减轻患儿痛苦,减少术中出血量与术后并发症,促进切口快速愈合,提升手术美观度,提升小儿生活质量,值得临床应用及推广。     

小儿急性阑尾炎诊断中尿常规检验的临床价值探究

目的探究小儿急性阑尾炎诊断中尿常规检验的临床价值。方法随机抽取2016年2月至2017年2月本院收治的80例小儿急性阑尾炎患者,分为X组(n=40)和Y组(n=40)。Y组患者进行超声诊断,X组患者进行尿常规检验。对比X、Y两组患者的确诊率。结果 Y组患者的确诊率为75%(30/40),X组患者确诊率为95%(38/40),两组间差异比较具备一定的统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小儿急性阑尾炎诊断中采用尿常规检验,确诊率显著提高,值得进一步推广和使用。     

连续血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用

目的: 观察连续血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用. 方法: 26例重症急性胰腺炎患者分为2组: 连续血液滤过组(A组,n=11)和对照组(B组,n=15). 在用常规治疗的基础上,A组加用连续血液滤过. 观察两组患者的心率、呼吸、血压、肝、肾功能及胃肠功能指标;氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2);血浆电解质、葡萄糖、血常规以及C-反应蛋白;并行APACHEⅡ评分. 结果: 治疗后24 h, A,B两组白细胞、血糖、血钙水平均明显好转(P＜0.05),A组肝肾功能指标、APACHEⅡ积分与B组比较显著改善(P＜0.05);7 d 后观察,两组C反应蛋白均下降(P＜0.05),A组下降更明显(P＜0.05),B组肝肾功能及APACHEⅡ积分亦显著好转(P＜0.05);两组治疗后急性肺损伤、并发症总发生率均明显下降(P＜0.05),组间比较,A组胸腹腔积液消除迅速、并发症总发生率下降(P＜0.05). 结论: 连续血液滤过可早期纠正重症急性胰腺炎引起的肝肾功能障碍,改善全身状况,并能有效防止并发症的发生.     

老年慢性肾脏病并发急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年慢性肾脏病并发急性肾损伤的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析我院2001-2007年收治的92例慢性肾脏病并发急性肾损伤患者的临床资料,按年龄将其分为老年组(≥60岁,n=48)和中青年组(＜60岁,n=44),分析两组患者的临床资料、治疗及转归.结果 在导致老年患者急性肾损伤的危险因素中,以严重感染(29.17%)、肾毒性药物(22.92%)、低血容量(16.67%)等为主要原因,与中青年组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),老年组治疗总有效率与中青年组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年慢性肾脏病患者并发急性肾损伤的危险因素较多,重视急性肾损伤发生的高危因素并及早发现,及时控制各种感染,避免使用肾毒性药物,加强原发病的整体治疗,对于急性肾损伤的预防具有十分重要意义.     

森田疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎(ⅢB型)的疗效观察

目的 研究森田疗法对慢性前列腺炎(ⅢB型)的临床疗效.方法 对200例慢性前列腺炎(ⅢB型)伴心理障碍的患者分为:A组,常规治疗+森田疗法组(n=100);B组,常规治疗组(n=100).通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)判定症状缓解情况.结果 治疗12周后,A组的SCL-90、SAS、SDS自测表评分分别为(69.5±21.5)、(17.6±7.9)、(20.3±9.1)分,均较治疗前下降,并低于B组(P＜0.05),A组的前列腺痛症状缓解有效率和显效率分别为100%、74%,均优于B组(P＜0.05).结论 森田疗法可改善慢性前列腺炎(ⅢB型)患者的心理障碍,提高治疗效果.     

阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI治疗患者血清IL-6和hs-CRP的影响

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围手术期阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度的影响. 方法 76例接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为A组(n=26)、B组(n=26)和C组(n=24).A组给予阿托伐他汀钙20 mg,1次/d;B组给予阿托伐他汀钙80 mg PCI术前30 min顿服,术后20 mg,1次／d;C组术前同B组,术后给予阿托伐他汀钙40 mg,1次／d.于术前即刻及术后l,3,7d测定血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、IL-6和hs-CRP水平. 结果 术前三组间患者血清CK-MB、cTnT、IL-6和hs-CRP水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05),术后1d均较术前增高(P＜0.05).PCI治疗后3d,CK-MB、cTnT和IL-6水平开始下降,血清hs-CRP水平仍呈升高趋势(P＜0.05).PCI治疗后7d,各组CK-MB、cTnT较术前均有下降(P＜0.05),IL-6和hs-CRP较术后3d明显下降(P＜0.05),B组和C组血清CK-MB、cTnT、IL-6和hs-CRP水平较A组下降明显(P＜0.05),且C组较B组更为明显(P＜0.05). 结论 STEMI患者PCI围术期使用大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗短期即可显著降低血清炎性因子,减少心肌损伤.     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术麻醉的临床观察

目的:观察异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术的麻醉效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ级小儿眼科手术40例,随机分为异丙酚组(A组,n＝20)和安定组(B组,n=20).A组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加异丙酚、氯胺酮复合液4ml/(kg@h)连续输注,B组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加静注安定0.2 mg/kg,以0.1%氯胺酮4 mg/(kg@h)连续输注.分别观察两组MBP、HR、SpO2变化、术毕清醒时间、氯胺酮使用总量及不良反应.结果:A组心血管反应轻微,术毕清醒时间短,不良反应少,与B组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01);A组氯胺酮使用总量比B组少(P＜0.05).结论:异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科麻醉效果确切,安全可靠.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.