疼痛管理对全膝关节置换患者术后疼痛及恢复的影响

目的探讨规范化疼痛管理对全膝关节置换术(TKA)后患者康复的效果。方法将80例全膝关节置换患者随机分为对照组和干预组各40例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组在此基础上采用规范化疼痛管理,比较2组全膝关节置换患者康复效果。结果干预组术后24、48、72 h及出院时疼痛评分显著低于对照组(P0.01);术后24 h睡眠时间显著长于对照组(P0.01);首次下地时间、膝关节屈曲≥90°所需时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。结论对全膝关节置换患者实施疼痛管理,能够有效减轻术后疼痛,促进膝关节功能的恢复。     

疼痛管理联合阶段性健康教育在膝关节置换术患者中的应用

目的:探讨疼痛管理联合阶段性健康教育在膝关节置换术患者中的应用方法与效果。方法:将84例膝关节置换术患者随机分为对照组与观察组各42例,对照组围术期行常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施疼痛管理联合阶段性健康教育。比较两组患者干预效果。结果:观察组术后24、48、72 h及出院时的疼痛评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组24 h睡眠时间、首次下地时间、膝关节屈曲≥90°所需时间、主动直腿抬高时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1、7、14 d的膝关节活动度(ROM)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);术后3个月两组患者生活质量量表(SF-36)各维度评分均显著高于术后1 d(P0.05),且除精力与情感职能维度外,观察组提高幅度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:疼痛管理联合阶段性健康教育有助于缓解膝关节置换术患者术后疼痛程度,促进患者术后恢复,提高生活质量。     

疼痛控制对人工全膝关节置换术后患者早期康复效果的影响

目的观察不同镇痛方法对人工全膝关节置换术后患者早期康复效果的影响。方法选择84例行单侧人工全膝关节置换的患者,随机分为2组。观察组采用多模式镇痛方法,对照组术后应用硬膜外自控镇痛泵。两组术后均进行康复锻炼。观察两组患者术后不同时间点的疼痛程度、康复计划的完成情况、膝关节功能恢复情况及患者对于康复情况的满意度。结果两组比较,观察组术后各时间点静息状态的疼痛视觉模拟评分及术后24h、48h、72h膝关节活动时的疼痛视觉模拟评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组术后24h、48h、72h、1周、2周、4周膝关节的活动度明显高于对照组(P0.01)。观察组术后4周康复方案的完成情况显著优于对照组(P0.05),患者对于康复效果的满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论多模式镇痛方法应用于人工全膝关节置换围术期疼痛的镇痛效果满意,能够促进术后康复计划的顺利实施。     

膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛护理效果观察

[目的]探讨膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛护理效果。[方法]将84例行全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗的膝关节骨性关节炎病人根据抽签法分为观察组与对照组各42例,对照组围术期给予骨科常规性护理,观察组在对照组基础上应用疼痛护理干预,观察两组病人术后疼痛情况及康复情况。[结果]观察组术后12h、24h、48h、72h时疼痛模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后肢体肿胀持续时间、主动屈膝达90°时间、主动抬腿时间、住院时间短于对照组(P0.05),出院时膝关节主动活动度大于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后1个月、3个月、6个月美国膝关节协会(KISS)评分、简易健康评分(SF-36)评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]术后疼痛干预能有效减轻膝关节骨性关节炎病人全膝关节置换术后疼痛感,有助于病人术后膝关节功能恢复,缩短病人住院时间,提高病人生活质量。     

无痛病房管理对人工膝关节置换术后疼痛控制的效果观察

目的探讨骨科实施无痛病房管理在人工膝关节置换(TKA)术后疼痛控制的效果。方法将80例人工膝关节置换患者按照入院时间随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者入院后即进入无痛病房管理模式,对照组采用传统的镇痛方法按需镇痛,两组均在术后72 h内评估和记录患者疼痛评分,比较两组患者术后中、重度疼痛出现频次,同时比较两组患者第一次主动屈膝90°时间及对护理工作的满意度。结果观察组术后中、重度疼痛出现频次显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);第一次主动屈膝90°时间及对护理工作的满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对人工膝关节置换患者实施规范化的疼痛护理管理,能使患者疼痛明显减轻,术后发生中重度疼痛的频次显著减少;有效缩短术后膝关节屈曲90°所需的时间,提高医护人员对患者的疼痛控制质量;使患者获得更加积极和舒适的康复状态,有效提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

疼痛管理小组在提高患者术后自控镇痛质量中的应用

目的探究疼痛管理小组在提高患者术后自控镇痛质量中的作用。方法选取2017年1月~8月于本院收治并在术后使用自控镇痛98例患者作为研究对象,以入院先后顺序均分为对照组及试验组,各49例。对照组予以常规镇痛管理,试验组采用疼痛管理小组干预管理,对比2组患者的自控镇痛质量。结果术后6h 2组患者视觉疼痛(vision algetic standard,VAS)评分差异微小(P0.05),术后12h、24h、48h试验组患者VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);试验组术后第1个24h镇痛药用量明显高于对照组,术后第2个24h及术后48h应用镇痛药总剂量均明显低于对照组(P0.05);试验组镇痛不全、恶心呕吐、瘙痒等发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论对患者予以术后自控镇痛,使用疼痛管理小组干预管理,可优化镇痛质量,效果确定,推广应用价值高。     

耳穴贴压超前镇痛对全膝关节置换术后疼痛的影响

目的观察耳穴贴压超前镇痛对全膝关节置换术后疼痛的影响。方法将60例行首次单侧人工膝关节置换术的患者按照随机数字表分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组术前3d行耳穴贴压,对照组术后6h行耳穴贴压,两组均于术后常规使用静脉自控镇痛泵,比较两组术后镇痛效果、镇痛药物用量及药物不良反应。结果观察组术后6h、12h、24h、36h、48h静息状态下的疼痛评分均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后6h、12h、24h、48h的PCA消耗量均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组发生恶心呕吐、嗜睡的例数低于对照组(P0.05),两组发生尿潴留的例数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论耳穴贴压超前镇痛能提高全膝关节置换术后的镇痛效果。     

综合护理干预对全膝关节置换术后病人康复效果的影响

[目的]探讨综合护理干预对膝关节置换术后病人康复效果的影响。[方法]选取2011年1月—2013年8月收治的膝关节骨性关节炎老年病人160例,随机分为两组各80例,均施行全膝关节置换术。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予综合护理干预。术后观察患膝疼痛评分(VAS)、伤口48 h 引流量、HSS 膝关节评分及生存质量评分。[结果]两组术后不同时间VAS 评分比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组术后48 h 伤口引流量、HSS 膝关节评分及生存质量评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]综合护理干预能减轻全膝关节置换病人术后患肢疼痛、减少关节渗血、改善膝关节功能,提高生存质量。     

全程疼痛护理干预对全膝关节置换术后疼痛状况的影响

目的 探讨全程疼痛护理干预对全膝关节置换术后疼痛状况的影响。方法 选取2018年2月～2019年4月我院收治的104例全膝关节置换术患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各52例,对照组给予常规术后护理,研究组给予全程疼痛护理干预,比较两组干预前后疼痛程度和生活质量评分。结果 干预前两组疼痛和生活质量评分比较,无显著差异(P0.05);干预后研究组术后2、4、7d疼痛评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);干预后研究组活动能力、认知能力、康复训练能力及情绪缓解的评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 全程疼痛护理干预能显著减轻全膝关节置换术后患者的疼痛,能有效提高患者术后的生活质量,值得推广应用。     

鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂治疗全膝关节置换术后早期疼痛疗效观察

目的评价全膝关节置换术后关节周围组织注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂的镇痛效果。方法 68例拟行单侧全膝关节置换术膝骨关节炎患者随机分为观察组与对照组各34例,观察组术后关节周围组织注射鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂(吗啡+罗哌卡因+复方倍他米松+肾上腺素),对照组34例注射生理盐水;术后48h内均经静脉应用镇痛泵。比较2组术后6,24,48,72h静息及术后24、48h活动时VAS评分、主动直腿抬高时间、膝关节活动度。结果观察组术后第6,24,48,72h静息VAS评分及术后24,48h活动时VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组主动直腿抬高时间及术后第2,3天膝关节活动度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鸡尾酒式镇痛混合剂可有效缓解全膝置换术后早期疼痛。     

From past pain to future pain through the pain of others: Information about other people's pain ratings can alleviate our subsequent pain

Background

Previous studies have shown that pain memories have a profound impact on subsequent pain experiences. This study investigated whether pain ratings derived from other people can modify an individual's memory of past pain. This study also examined whether pain memory modified by others' pain ratings determines subsequent pain experiences.

Methods

Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in both groups were exposed to pain stimulation; then, they recalled its intensity twice over a period of time; after a break, they were again exposed to pain stimulation of the same intensity. The final sample consisted of 53 participants. The only difference between the experimental group and the control group was that in the former the pain ratings of other alleged participants were presented between the two consecutive pain recalls. These ratings suggested that other people experienced the same pain as less intense.

Results

The pain ratings derived from other people did not alter the pain memory; nevertheless, they affected an individual's next pain experience even for a certain period of time after their presentation. This type of pain-related information shaped participants' subsequent pain experiences regardless of their empathy, conformity, and susceptibility to social influence.

Conclusions

Information on pain derived from other people not only shapes the response to a novel stimulation but also substantially modifies the subsequent experience of that stimulation.

Significance

The study demonstrates the importance of social information on pain and provides evidence that this type of information substantially modifies the subsequent experience of the same pain. These results suggest that social information on pain can be used to alleviate pain associated with recurring medical procedures and thus increase patients' willingness to continue treatment.     

Electronic momentary assessment in chronic pain II: pain and psychological pain responses as predictors of pain disability

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: More than 7,100 electronic diaries from 80 patients with chronic pain (mean: 89.3, range 30-115) entered multilevel analyses to establish the statistical prediction of disability by pain intensity and by psychological functioning (fear avoidance, cognitive, and spousal pain responses). We also tested the differences between pre-chronic, recently chronic, and persistently chronic pain in the prediction of disability (impaired physical and mental capacity, pain interference with activities, immobility due to pain). RESULTS: Pain intensity explained 8% to 19% of the disability variance. Beyond this psychological functioning explained 7% to 16%: particularly fear-avoidance and cognitive pain responses predicted chronic pain disorder disability; spousal responses predicted immobility better than other aspects of disability. Immobility due to actual pain occurred infrequently. When it did, however, it was better predicted by avoidance behavior in the patient and by spousal discouragement of movement than by actual pain intensity. The prediction of immobility due to pain by, respectively, avoidance behavior and catastrophizing was better in chronic pain (>6 months) and that of physical impairment by catastrophizing better in persistently chronic pain (>12 months) than in pain of shorter duration. DISCUSSION: The psychological prediction of chronic pain disorder disability was determined beyond that accounted for by pain intensity. Nonetheless, psychological functioning explained substantial variance in chronic pain disorder disability. The psychological prediction of immobility and physical impairment was stronger with longer pain duration. Patient characteristics and momentary states of disability-and in particular of immobility-should be carefully distinguished and accounted for in chronic pain disorder.     

Neuraxial pain relief for intractable cancer pain

Most patients with cancer pain achieve good analgesia using traditional analgesics and adjuvant medications; however, an important minority of patients (2% to 5%) suffers from severe and refractory cancer pain. For these individuals, spinal analgesics (intrathecal or epidural) provide significant hope for pain relief over months or years of treatment to help improve quality of life. Spinal analgesics have been suggested as the fourth step in the World Health Organization guidelines in the management of cancer pain, and thus the pain physician should be familiar with principles of use. Most patients achieve pain relief using spinal analgesics, with a minimum of complications that are easily managed at home. A variety of opioids, local anesthetics, clonidine, ketamine, and other analgesics are available for the spinal route of administration and should be titrated to clinical effect or intolerable side effect. This article discusses the appropriate selection of patients for spinal analgesics, reviews current recommended infusion systems and current spinal analgesics, discusses possible complications, and includes practical suggestions for patient management.