不同黄体支持方法对体外受精-胚胎移植结果的影响

目的:探讨三种黄体支持方法对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结果的影响。方法:回顾性分析195个IVF-ET周期的结果,根据注射hCG当天的血E2水平、B超示直径≥14 mm卵泡数目及所用的黄体支持方法分组。A组:112例,E2<2 000 pg/mL,直径≥14 mm的卵泡数<10个,hCG进行黄体支持;对E2≥2 000 pg/mL,卵泡数目≥10个者,随机分为两组,B组,46例,单用黄体酮进行黄体支持;C组,37例,黄体酮加雌激素进行黄体支持。结果: 三组间妊娠率、种植率、流产率、OHSS发生率差异均无显著性,P>0.05。结论:hCG用于IVF黄体支持并不优于黄体酮,但在一定程度上可避免某些患者由于注射黄体酮产生的痛苦。黄体酮+雌激素进行黄体支持应该是黄体支持较合理的方案,还需进一步研究。     

Acupuncture performed around the time of embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as an adjunct to embryo transfer compared with controls to improve reproductive outcomes. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy. Twenty trials and 5130 women were included in the review. The meta-analysis found increased pregnancies (risk ratio [RR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.62, 12 trials, 2230 women), live births (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.68, 9 trials, 1980 women) and reduced miscarriage (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.98, 10 trials, 2042 women) when acupuncture was compared with no adjunctive control. There was significant heterogeneity, but no significant differences between acupuncture and sham controls. Acupuncture may have a significant effect on clinical pregnancy rates, independent of comparator group, when used in women who have had multiple previous IVF cycles, or where there was a low baseline pregnancy rate. The findings suggest acupuncture may be effective when compared with no adjunctive treatment with increased clinical pregnancies, but is not an efficacious treatment when compared with sham controls, although non-specific effects may be active in both acupuncture and sham controls. Future research examining the effects of acupuncture for women with poorer IVF outcomes is warranted.     

胚胎移植日血清雌激素下降幅度对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨黄体期雌激素下降幅度对IVF-ET后胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析97个接受长方案控制性超排卵及IVF-ET治疗周期分别测定其hCG日和ET日血清E2水平,根据其下降幅度分为6组。A组:12个治疗周期,E2下降幅度<20%;B组:13个治疗周期,E2下降幅度20%-29%;C组:11个治疗周期,E2下降幅度30%-39%;D组:16个治疗周期,E2下降幅度40%-49%;E组:24个治疗周期,E2下降幅度50%-59%;F组:21个治疗周期,E2下降幅度≥60%。结果:ET日E2水平呈不同程度的下降,当下降幅度≥30%时胚胎种植率和妊娠率明显降低,差异出现显著性(P<0.05)。结论:长方案COH及IVF-EF中,ET日E2水平下降幅度≥30%时会引起胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率的降低,应考虑给予雌激素的补充。     

Lutealphase nach IVF

Controlled ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophins and GnRH analogues causes a luteal phase defect. Support of the luteal phase (LPS) is an integral part of IVF treatment cycles. There is consensus that LPS with progesterone or hCG is mandatory in IVF cycles. Vaginal progesterone is commonly used because of the convenience and a lower risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. LPS is commonly started on the day of embryo transfer and continued until either the day of pregnancy test or until evidence of heart beat on sonography in the case of pregnancy (6–7 weeks of pregnancy). There is no evidence that an addition of estrogens, aspirin, steroids, or heparin will improve pregnancy rates.     

Relationship between peak serum estradiol levels and treatment outcome in in vitro fertilization cycles after embryo transfer on day 3 or day 5

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between peak serum estradiol (E(2)) levels and treatment outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles after embryo transfer (ET) on day 3 or day 5. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 697 IVF-ET cycles between January 1999 and December 2001. SETTING: A university-affiliated assisted reproduction program. PATIENT(S): Infertile patients undergoing IVF-ET cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Peak E(2) concentration in serum was determined on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The IVF-generated embryos were cultured for 2 days until transfer on day 3. If more than four 8-cell embryos were present on day 3, embryo culture was continued until day 5 for blastocyst transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): High peak E(2) levels did not adversely affect treatment outcome. After the cycles were divided according to the day of ET, high peak E(2) levels were associated with improved pregnancy rates after ET on day 5 but not on day 3. CONCLUSION(S): Increasing peak E(2) levels in IVF cycles are associated with improved pregnancy rates after ET on day 5.     

A comparison of luteal phase support in graduated estradiol/progesterone replacement cycles using intramuscular progesterone alone versus combination with vaginal suppositories on outcome following frozen embryo transfer

PURPOSE: To compare pregnancy outcome following frozen embryo transfer according to type of progesterone (P) support given in the luteal phase. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of frozen embryo transfer (ET) cycles in which ovulation was suppressed by graduated estradiol in the follicular phase. Two P regimens in the luteal phase were compared: P vaginal suppositories and intramuscular P vs intramuscular alone. RESULTS: The clinical and viable pregnancy rates were significantly higher for the women receiving only intramuscular P (57.6% and 43.7%) vs those receiving combined therapy (45.9% and 35.6%, respectively). The implantation rates were not significantly different (22.6% vs 19.5%). CONCLUSION: The increased pregnancy rates with intramuscular P may have been related to a higher number of embryos transferred (3.69 vs 3.26). Nevertheless, intramuscular P alone is at least as effective, if not more effective, than combined therapy for frozen embryo transfers.     

Autologous endometrial coculture in patients with IVF failure: outcome of the first 1,030 cases

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) in improving embryo quality and pregnancy rates in 1,030 consecutive cycles of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) utilizing AECC from January 1996 to December 2001. STUDY DESIGN: Embryos from each of 1,030 patients allocated to growth on AECC were analyzed for outcome. All patients had previously undergone failed IVF cycles. During a luteal phase biopsy (5-12 days after the luteinizing hormone surge) performed prior to the treatment cycle, glandular (G) and stromal (S) endometrial cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and separated based on differential sedimentation rates. These cells were cryopreserved, then plated as a 50%/50% combination of G and S cells prior to embryo exposure. The conditioned medium was changed every 2 days. Embryos were randomly grown on endometrial coculture (ECC) or conventional media if > 6 oocytes were normally fertilized. Otherwise, all embryos were grown on AECC. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 36.9 (+/-3.1) years. The patients had on average a history of 3.1 (+/- 1.7) failed prior attempts. When comparing a previous cycle (same institution only), the cleaved embryos on day 3 were of an improved quality (6.8+/-1.2 vs. 5.5+/-1.0 blastomeres and 14.6% +/- 9.3 vs. 27.2% +/- 9.8 fragmentation, P <.05). Twenty-two (2.13%) patients did not undergo ET secondary to poor embryonic development. Overall positive and clinical pregnancy rates of 49.8% and 41.5% were noted, respectively. Age remained the most important predictor of outcome. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a significant improvement in embryo quality with ECC. We also demonstrated that patients with a poor prognosis secondary to prior IVF failures can have a good outcome when utilizing AECC.     

The effect of endometrial injury on implantation and clinical pregnancy rates

Aim: To assess the effect of endometrial scratching (ES) on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcome (IVF-ET)

Materials and methods: Retrospective matched case control study including all fresh IVF cycles performed between January 2006 and December 2012 at an academic IVF center. ES with an endometrial biopsy catheter was performed in the cycle preceding the index IVF cycle. Patients (n?=?238) were pair matched with controls according to age, number of previous failed IVF cycles and number of embryos transferred.

Results: Demographic and cycle characteristics were comparable in all of the following: age, number of previous cycles, number of collected oocyte, number of embryos transferred and quality of transferred embryos. Implantation, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were comparable in both groups (28%, 34% and 18.4% vs 30%, 40.3% and 29%, in ES group and controls, respectively). Logistic regression analysis found no significant association between ES and pregnancy rate.

Conclusions: Mechanical endometrial stimulation did not improve implantation and pregnancy rates. Furthermore, no factors that may predict which patients could benefit from ES were identified. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate possible benefits in different subsets of patients such as patients with recurrent implantation failures.     

黄体期添加不同剂量雌激素对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨长方案控制性超促排卵体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期黄体期减少外源性雌激素剂量对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月至2012年4月1614个长方案控制性促排卵周期的资料。根据黄体期补充补佳乐剂量不同分为2组:A组(785例)补佳乐2mg/d;B组(829例)补佳乐4mg/d。两组黄体支持期所用孕激素剂型、剂量相同。结果:两组间的临床特征、超排卵情况(COH)、胚胎形成情况均无统计学差异(P>0.05);添加补佳乐2mg/d组与4mg/d组的临床妊娠率(49.81%vs 49.88%)、胚胎种植率(34.25%vs 34.93%)及流产率(9.21%vs 10.92%)均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:长方案IVF-ET周期黄体支持常规添加不同剂量雌激素助孕结果无显著差异,减少雌激素用量不影响妊娠结局。     

The outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome failing to conceive after ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with refractory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Retrospective case series with an age-matched control group. SETTING: Ovulation induction and IVF programs in a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Nine patients with PCOS who failed standard ovulation induction treatment (clomiphene citrate plus greater than or equal to 6 ovulatory human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG] cycles) underwent 19 cycles of IVF-ET. Forty age-matched tubal factor patients who completed 40 cycles of IVF-ET served as a control group. OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic features and IVF-ET cycle characteristics were compared using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Cycles of IVF-ET in patients with PCOS were associated with higher estradiol levels (5,222 versus 4,009 pmol/L), lower hMG requirements (15.8 versus 19.6 vials), greater numbers of oocytes (7.6 versus 5.6), and lower fertilization rates (56% versus 75%) compared with tubal factor cycles (P less than 0.05). However, the number of embryos transferred (3.9 versus 4.0) and the clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (24% versus 25%) did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that conception failure after six or more ovulatory hMG cycles in patients with PCOS does not adversely affect subsequent IVF performance.     

Role of rescue IVF-ET treatment in the management of high response in stimulated IUI cycles.

Rescue in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has been used in high response gonadotrophin intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles to minimise the risks of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple gestation. Such unplanned IVF treatment increases the cost of treatment. But can this added cost and the risks associated with IVF be justified? We present our experience with this treatment using clinical pregnancy and live birth rates as the primary outcomes. Between 1998 to 2001, 40 women undergoing IUI cycles who over responded (>3 follicles measuring >15 mm in diameter on the planned day of hCG administration) to gonadotrophin were offered the choice of conversion to IVF-ET or cancel the cycle. 17/40 declined rescue IVF/ET and had their cycles cancelled. 23/40 converted to IVF/ET and underwent transvaginal oocyte retrieval. 21/23 had embryo transferred. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were 52% and 48%, respectively. Rescue IVF-ET offers excellent clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in high responders. However, affordability can be an obstacle in the utilization of this treatment option.     

搔刮术对子宫内膜形态不良患者体外受精-胚胎移植临床结局的影响

目的探讨搔刮术对子宫内膜形态不良患者IVF-ET周期临床结局的影响。方法 IVF-ET前自然周期阴式超声监测子宫内膜,卵泡晚期子宫内膜非三线征者共77例,随机分组：观察组（47例）在垂体降调节超促排卵周期月经第1～2天行子宫内膜搔刮术;对照组（30例）不做处理。比较两组患者的一般临床资料及治疗结局。结果两组的年龄、不孕因素及年限、用药量、移植胚胎数等比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,观察组的种植率（30.30%）及临床妊娠率（53.19%）显著高于对照组（分别为15.15%和30%）。观察组85.11%的患者搔刮术后卵泡晚期超声下子宫内膜形态得到改善。结论子宫内膜搔刮术能改善子宫内膜形态,提高周期临床妊娠率。     

The relationship between perceived stress,acupuncture, and pregnancy rates among IVF patients: A pilot study

The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of acupuncture on perceived stress levels in women on the day of embryo transfer (ET), and to determine if perceived stress levels at embryo transfer correlated with pregnancy rates. The study was an observational, prospective, cohort study based at the University IVF center.Patient(s): 57 infertile patients undergoing IVF or IVF/ICSI.Interventions(s): Patients were undergoing Embryo Transfer with or without acupuncture as part of their standard clinical care.Main outcome measure(s): Perceive Stress Scale scores, pregnancy rates.Result(s): women who received this acupuncture regimen achieved pregnancy 64.7%, whereas those without acupuncture achieved pregnancy 42.5%. When stratified by donor recipient status, only non-donor recipients potentially had an improvement with acupuncture (35.5% without acupuncture vs. 55.6% with acupuncture). Those who received this acupuncture regimen had lower stress scores both pre-ET and post-ET compared to those who did not. Those with decreased their perceived stress scores compared to baseline had higher pregnancy rates than those who did not demonstrate this decrease, regardless of acupuncture status.Conclusions(s): The acupuncture regimen was associated with less stress both before and after embryo transfer, and it possibly improved pregnancy rates. Lower perceived stress at the time of embryo transfer may play a role in an improved pregnancy rate.     

Evidence for an adverse effect of elevated serum estradiol concentrations on embryo implantation

Multiple follicular stimulation for IVF may be associated with greatly elevated serum E2 concentrations that are presumed to be antinidatory. This factor was analyzed in 825 consecutive embryo transfer cycles. The pregnancy rate decreased significantly after the transfer of one and two embryos in association with preovulatory E2 levels greater than the 90th percentile for the group (2320 pg/ml). The pregnancy rate did not vary with preovulatory E2 concentration following the transfer of three embryos. Highly significant correlations were noted between preovulatory E2 and early luteal phase concentrations of E2 and P. In a subgroup of 245 cycles, there were no significant relationships between implantation and early luteal phase levels of P or the ratio of E2/P. There was a small but nonsignificant tendency for the pregnancy rate to decrease in association with raised luteal E2. It is concluded that excessive E2 levels at the time of ovulation induction with hCG had an adverse effect on implantation when one or two embryos are transferred, but this may be overcome by the transfer of three embryos. The consequences for embryo transfer are discussed.     

Improved pregnancy outcome for women with decreased ovarian oocyte reserve and advanced reproductive age by performing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pregnancy rates with IVF-ET vs non-assisted reproductive technology in women of more advanced reproductive age with decreased egg reserve as manifested by elevated day 3 serum FSH. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was made in women aged > or = 38 with a day 3 serum FSH of degrees 15 mIU/ml with > or = 1 year of infertility. Another inclusion criterion was three cycles (unless a pregnancy occurred before that time) of either IVF-ET or non-assisted reproductive therapy which as a minimum included luteal phase support with progesterone. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rates in three cycles for non-IVF were 11.7% vs 27.2% for IVF. Delivery rates were 2.9% vs 15.1%. For ages 40-42 the clinical pregnancy rates were 37.5% vs 0.0% (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Live deliveries are possible in women > or = age 38 with marked decreased egg reserve. In vitro fertilization is more effective than non-IVF when follicle stimulation with gonadotropins is mild.     

Effect of antagonists vs agonists on in vitro fertilization outcome

PURPOSE: To compare outcome following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) using controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) regimens using either the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetate vs the GnRH antagonist ganirelix. METHODS: Women needing IVF for conception were randomly assigned to 300 IU of gonadotropins with ganirelix used in the follicular phase when a follicle with a 14 mm average diameter was attained vs a regimen using leuprolide acetate from the mid-luteal phase of the previous cycle. RESULTS: There were no differences found in clinical, ongoing, delivered pregnancy rates or implantation rates between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of GnRH antagonists do not seem to reduce IVF outcome compared to using GnRH agonists in COH regimens.     

IVF-ET后补充小剂量雌激素不改善妊娠率

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)黄体支持中补充小剂量雌激素(E2)对妊娠率的影响。方法:①回顾性分析912个IVF-ET周期,根据黄体支持方案将其分为A组(511个周期),给予黄体酮80mg/d;B组(401个周期),给予黄体酮80mg/d+补佳乐2mg/d,比较组间妊娠率;②按照hCG日与ET日E2比值,分为<4.0组(291个周期)和≥4.0组(220个周期),比较二组妊娠率,了解E2下降程度与妊娠的关系;③另选择IVF超排卵妇女因某种因素未行移植(24个周期)和自然周期排卵妇女(32个周期)比较黄体中期E2水平,以了解超促排卵对黄体中期E2的影响。结果:黄体期补充与不补充E2组间种植率和妊娠率均无差异(P>0.05);E2下降程度不同的二组间种植率和妊娠率也无差异(P>0.05)。IVF超排妇女黄体中期E2水平明显高于自然周期妇女(P<0.01)。结论:取卵后E2水平下降不影响IVF结局,补充E2进行黄体支持不能改善IVF妊娠率。     

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided embryo transfer improves outcome in patients with previous failed in vitro fertilization cycles

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of transvaginal ultrasound-guided ET in IVF cycles performed on patients who had previously failed to conceive from IVF and compare the results to previous cycles where ultrasound guidance was not used. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study.Setting: Private practice IVF program. PATIENT(S): One hundred twenty-nine women undergoing consecutive cycles of IVF where fresh embryos were transferred. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal ultrasound guidance was used during transfer of embryos. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(s): Patient age, number of ampules of gonadotropin used, maximum E(2) level, number of oocytes retrieved, number of two pronuclei embryos obtained, number of embryos transferred, mean embryo score, implantation and pregnancy rate. RESULT(S): There was no difference in any of the clinical parameters measured in IVF cycles resulting in pregnancy when transvaginal ultrasound-guided ET was used compared to the failed cycles when there was no ultrasound guidance. Of the patients who previously had failed IVF cycles and subsequently had IVF cycles with ultrasound guidance, those who became pregnant had higher mean embryo scores than those who did not become pregnant. Overall implantation and pregnancy rates were higher during the study period when transvaginal ultrasound guidance was used than in the previous 3 years when it was not used. CONCLUSION(S): Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ET may be responsible for successful IVF cycles in patients who had previously failed to conceive when embryos were transferred by the clinical touch method. Transvaginal ultrasound guidance may also be responsible for an overall increase in embryo implantation and pregnancy compared to the use of the clinical touch method.     

黄体期个体化雌激素补充方案对IVF-ET治疗结局的影响

目的:探讨黄体期个体化添加不同剂量雌激素对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析104个长方案控制性促排卵(COH)IVF-ET周期,根据其移植日血清E2水平下降幅度分为4组,A组:E2下降<30%,12个周期,单用黄体酮进行黄体期支持;B组:E2下降30%-39%,18个周期,黄体期支持采用黄体酮+3mg/d雌激素;C组:E2下降40%-49%,16个周期,D组:E2下降≥50%,58个周期,C组、D组患者黄体期支持采用黄体酮+4mg/d雌激素。结果:各组的取卵数目、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎数、内膜厚度和移植胚胎数相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。A组、B组、C组间胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率无统计学差异;而D组与其余3组比,胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:①在长方案COH的IVF-ET中,当移植日血清E2水平下降幅度≥30%时黄体期支持补充雌激素可以改善胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率;②E2下降幅度大的患者可能需要增加雌激素的添加剂量。     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征患者IVF-ET治疗中疗效分析

目的:探讨应用二甲双胍(Met)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者行IVF-ET治疗结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析120例行IVF-ET长方案治疗的PCOS患者,按是否预先服用Met分为Met组(M组)66个周期和对照组(NM组)58个周期。结果:①M组与NM组间获卵数(19.9±10.7vs17.8±10.1)、卵裂率(93.43±16.48%vs92.18±15.73%)、移植胚胎数(2.1±0.9vs2.3±0.6)均无统计学差异(P>0.05);②组间hCG注射日E2值(9358.65±1551.10nmol/Lvs14777.44±1799.63nmol/L)、优质胚胎率(40.07%vs30.61%)、临床妊娠率(39.40%vs20.69%)、卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率(9.09%vs22.41%)间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Met在PCOS患者IVF-ET治疗中,可改善患者的临床妊娠结局,降低OHSS发生率。