腰椎副突形态的多层螺旋CT研究

目的 研究腰椎副突在MSCT横断面与三维重建图像的形态特征,提高对腰椎副突结构的认识.方法 回顾分析80例正常成人400个椎体的薄层螺旋扫描图像,采用MPR及VR后处理,在重建图像上测量副突的四项指标.应用SPSS12.0软件处理数据.结果 腰椎副突于MSCT图像上分为五型:乳头型、三角型、舌型、残痕型及无副突结构,各型副突间各指标差异(P=0.00)有统计学意义,性别间各指标差异(P＞0.05)无统计学意义,腰椎左右侧副突间分型差异(P＞0.05)无统计学意义.结论 MSCT可以清晰全面地显示腰椎副突结构,大部分腰椎椎体均有副突结构,位置恒定,容易辨认,可为临床提供更精准的影像资料.     

应用MRA评价基底动脉迂曲与椎动脉优势间的关系

目的探讨基底动脉迂曲与椎动脉颅内段优势动脉之间的关系。方法回顾性分析110例1.5T磁共振血管成像(MRA)检查者。测量椎动脉颅内段管径及基底动脉的长度与管径,观察双侧椎动脉是否存在椎动脉优势及基底动脉有无迂曲,并对二者进行关联性分析。结果①左侧椎动脉优势占19.09%(21/110),右侧椎动脉优势占7.27%(8/110)。②基底动脉无迂曲者占75.45%(83/110),有迂曲者占24.55%(27/110),其中向左凸型6.36%(7/110),向右凸型占18.18%(20/110)。③椎动脉颅内段优势动脉与基底动脉迂曲相关(r=0.61,P=0.000)。结论椎动脉颅内段存在优势动脉可引起基底动脉迂曲。     

MSCT扫描及MPR矢状位重建图像技术在胸腰椎压缩骨折患者影像学诊断的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描及MPR矢状位重建图像技术在胸腰椎压缩骨折患者影像学诊断的应用价值。方法选取我院收治的胸腰椎压缩骨折患者96例为研究对象,均行X线、MSCT检查,比较两种方法诊断胸腰椎压缩骨折的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,并分析椎体骨折分布情况及不同类型胸腰椎压缩骨折的显示率,观察胸腰椎压缩骨折的MSCT影像特征。结果 96例患者骨折椎体114例,范围为T12-L5椎体,其中以T12-L1椎体最多(75.44%);MSCT诊断胸腰椎骨折的灵敏度75.00%、准确度73.96%明显高于X线检查60.00%、64.58%(P0.05),特异度比较无显著差异(P0.05);MPR重建中矢状位对胸腰椎压缩骨折的显示率90.91%较冠状位69.42%、横断面64.46%高(P0.05);MPR矢状位重建图像显示骨折整体,立体感强,能很好地显示椎管变形、椎管内碎骨片。结论 MSCT扫描及MPR矢状位重建图像技术对胸腰椎压缩骨折具有重要的诊断价值,值得在临床推广应用。     

螺旋CT对正常成人下腰椎侧隐窝的研究

目的:研究正常人下腰椎侧隐窝的形态和测量方法,探讨对侧隐窝狭窄的诊断?方法:采用尸体标本解剖与螺旋CT多层面容积重建和表面遮掩显示相结合方法对侧隐窝进行观察,选择椎体上1/4横断面作为研究平面,测量120例下腰椎双侧侧隐窝矢状径?椎管正中矢状径,计算椎管正中矢状径与双侧侧隐窝矢状径的比值,分析其相互关系?结果:下腰椎侧隐窝分三型:三角型?三叶草型和牛角型;正常成人双侧侧隐窝矢状径不对称,右侧略大于左侧(P<0.05),椎管正中矢状径与双侧侧隐窝矢状径的比率相对恒定(P>0.05),正中/右侧=3.93,正中/左侧=4.03?结论:椎体上1/4横断面为侧隐窝入口平面,利用矢状径比值的方法来判断侧隐窝狭窄具有科学性?     

MRI测量腰椎关节突角度在早期诊断椎间盘突出的应用价值

目的探讨MRI测量腰椎关节突角度在早期诊断腰椎间盘突出症中的应用价值。方法将我院收治的97例L4-5腰椎间盘突出的患者作为观察组,均进行MRI检查,并根据其椎间盘突出类型分为中央型、旁侧型,例数分别为41例、56例。选择同期于我院进行体检的腰椎MRI显示无腰椎间盘突出症的35例健康人作为对照组,MRI测量观察组和对照组L4-5节段左关节突角度值(α)和右关节突关节角度值(β),最终角度值为两侧关节突关节角度值平均值,关节突夹角差值γ=|α-β|,关节突关节不对称判断标准为γ≥10°,比较两组L4-5节段α、β、γ值和关节突关节不对称发生情况,以及不同分型L4-5节段α、β、γ值和关节突关节不对称发生情况。结果观察组α值大于对照组(P<0.05),β值小于对照组(P<0.05),γ值大于对照组(P<0.05),关节突关节不对称发生率大于对照组(P<0.05);旁侧型α值大于中央型(P<0.05),β值与中央型无显著差异(P<0.05),γ值及关节突关节不对称发生率均大于中央型(P<0.05)。结论 MRI测量腰椎关节突角度对腰椎间盘突出症早期诊断具有指导作用,可作为腰椎间盘突出症预防和康复重要指标。     

腰椎峡部骨性解剖特点及其临床意义

目的 了解腰椎后外侧部骨性结构变化特点,为峡部外缘入路摘除极外侧腰椎间盘突出提供解剖依据.方法 在30侧湿性成人腰椎标本上测量:(1)峡部外缘至中线的距离;(2)椎体腰部外缘面至后正中线的距离;(3)峡腰距;(4)关节突上缘与横突下缘间距;(5)关节突上缘与副突间距;(6)关节突上缘与间盘中心面的相对距离,并分析其随腰椎序列变化的规律.结果 随着腰椎序数的增加,在下腰椎,代表"手术窗"横向径线的峡腰距在L5减少为0.32 cm(P＜0.05);纵向径线关节突上缘与横突下缘间距和关节突上缘与副突间距亦递减,在L5-S1分别为0.17 cm和0.46 cm(P＜0.05),造成"手术窗"外口缩窄.而关节突上缘与间盘中心面的相对距离渐增加,由L1-2的-0.20cm增至L5-S1的0.86 cm(P＜0.05),关节突渐上移覆盖了间盘平面.结论 从L1-L2至L4-S1,峡部外缘入路显露极外侧腰椎间盘突出时,需要切除的峡部外缘、横突根部、椎弓根下部、关节突关节上部的骨量递增;在L5-S1采取峡部外缘入路时可能造成上述部位的骨量切除过多而致术后腰椎不稳.     

多层螺旋CT容积再现技术显示隐性脊柱裂的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)容积再现技术(VRT)对隐性脊柱裂(SBO)的显示能力。方法:对50例SBO患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,并将MSCTVRT图像与数字X线摄影(DR)和常规横断面CT图像进行比较。结果:MSCTVRT图像清晰显示50例SBO的部位及形态,诊断率为100%,其中L5椎体11例、S1椎体35例、S1~S2椎体4例。DR对隐裂的诊断率为86%(43/50),而常规横断面CT诊断率仅为4%(2/50)。结论:MSCTVRT技术能够清晰显示SBO,只需两幅图像即可明显提高MSCT对SBO的诊断率,减少漏诊。     

多层螺旋CT对胫骨平台骨折Schatzker分型的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多平面重组技术(MPR)和容积再现技术(VR)对胫骨平台骨折Schatzker分型的诊断价值。方法 36例胫骨平台骨折患者行MSCT容积扫描,薄层图像进行图像后处理并进行诊断分型,并与临床手术结果分型对照。结果 36例中,SchatzkerⅠ型6例(17%),Ⅱ型12例(33%),Ⅲ型7例(19%),Ⅳ型5例(14%),Ⅴ型4例(11%),Ⅵ型2例(6%)。CT横断轴位分型诊断准确率为78%(28/36),MPR技术分型诊断准确率为100%(36/36),VR技术分型诊断准确率为64%(23/36)。结论 MSCT后处理重组技术能对胫骨平台骨折进行准确Schatzker分型,MPR技术准确率最高,值得临床推广应用。     

腰椎关节突关节角度与峡部裂及退变性脊柱滑脱的关系探讨

目的 探讨腰椎关节突关节面角度变化与退变性及峡部裂性脊柱滑脱的关系.方法 对37例脊柱滑脱患者(L4～5退变滑脱22例;L5～S1峡部裂滑脱15例)与25例正常人进行对照检查.结果 退变性滑脱患者关节突关节角度与对照相比明显偏向于矢状位(P＜0.01);而峡部裂滑脱患者关节突关节角度与对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.10);退变性滑脱患者关节突关节不对称与对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),峡部裂滑脱患者关节突关节不对称与对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 退变性腰椎滑脱关节突关节面方向更接近矢状位,峡部裂腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节面无一定方向性,关节突关节角度的不对称可能对峡部裂的形成有一定影响.关节突关节角偏向矢状方向有早期出现滑脱的危险;关节突关节不对称提示峡部裂发生的可能.     

峡部裂性与退变性腰椎滑脱MSCT扫描解剖学因素的对照研究

目的利用多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)对峡部裂性与退变性腰椎滑脱解剖学因素进行对比分析。方法选取108例腰椎滑脱患者,滑脱椎体均为L4,其中峡部裂性腰椎滑脱(峡部裂组)54例,退变性腰椎滑脱(退变组)54例,均经MSCT检查确诊。分别测量2组病例的骶骨倾斜角、腰椎前凸角、椎间关节角度、椎弓峡部宽度、滑脱距离、滑脱指数。结果峡部裂组年龄、腰椎前凸角、椎弓峡部宽度小于退变组,关节突关节面与矢状面夹角、滑脱指数大于退变组(P<0.05或P<0.01);2组骶骨倾斜角差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者发病年龄早于、滑脱指数大于退变性腰椎滑脱患者;椎弓峡部发育不良或形态改变(纤细)为峡部裂性腰椎滑脱发病的重要因素;椎间关节面与矢状面夹角变小以及腰椎前凸角增大在退变性腰椎滑脱形成中起一定作用。更多还原     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.