心包穿刺置管引流术在较大量心包积液中的临床应用

目的:探讨心包穿刺引流术的方法、引流时间、引流的体位、引流液量的控制.方法:患者取半卧位,超声心动图定位穿刺点、穿刺深度及方向.40例患者均经剑突下进针.采用Seldinger's法,将中心静脉导管送入心包腔内,连接无菌引流袋引流积液.结果:40例患者心包穿刺均获成功,未出现并发症.引流导管留置时间1～7天,平均1.5±2天.引流积液量180～2000ml,平均750±600ml.穿刺引流后患者胸闷、气促明显改善,颈静脉怒张消失.术后患者心率减慢,有显著性意义(相应为105±30次/min,91±31次/rain,P＜0.05).心功能亦获明显改善.结论:seldinger导管法用于心包穿刺安全,可避免损伤心肌,引流彻底,疗效可靠.     

心包腔内置管心包积液引流的疗效观察

目的 :探讨经皮导管心包积液穿刺引流术的方法 ,引流液量的控制 ,引流的体位。方法 :患者取半卧位 ,超声心动图定位穿刺点穿刺深度及方向。 2例患者经剑突下进针 ,10例患者经左侧胸壁进针。采用Sendinger’s法 ,将双腔中心静脉导管送入心包腔内 ,连接无菌引流袋引流积液。结果 :12例患者心包穿刺均获成功。引流管留置时间 1～ 5天 ,平均 2 1± 1 8天 ,引流液量 3 2 0～ 1960ml(平均 812± 2 63ml)。穿刺引流后患者胸闷、气短明显改善 ,休克征象消失。患者心率降低 ,有显著意义 (相应为 93± 2 0次 /min ,82± 14次 /min ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。心功能亦获明显改善。结论 :超声心动图定位 ,心包腔内置管心包积液引流术安全 ,可避免损伤心肌 ,留置导管可使引流彻底 ,疗效可靠     

中心静脉导管心包腔置管引流治疗大量心包积液的效果

目的探讨中心静脉导管心包腔置管引流治疗大量心包积液的效果。方法选取2018年2月至2019年2月郑州颐和医院收治的31例大量心包积液患者,均接受中心静脉导管心包腔置管引流治疗。统计穿刺情况、疗效、并发症、留置导管时间及引流量。结果 31例大量心包积液患者均一次穿刺成功,6例左侧胸壁进针,25例剑突下进针;无严重并发症,1例肺癌所致的心包积液患者第2天引流管堵塞,肝素水冲注后再通,引流液300 mL左右后心包填塞症状得到缓解;留置导管时间5～14 d,平均(8.31±1.42)d;总引流量500～1 500 mL,平均(978.16±72.64)mL;治愈26例,治愈率为83.87%,显效5例,显效率为16.13%,总有效率为100%。结论中心静脉导管心包腔置管引流治疗大量心包积液,具有取材方便、操作简单、治愈率高、并发症少等优势,可替代传统心包穿刺抽液,作为首选治疗手段。     

中心静脉导管心包引流治疗心包积液

目的探讨应用中心静脉导管留置引流术治疗心包积液的价值。方法32例患者采用30(°)～45(°)半卧位,在超声心动图定位指导下,按Seldinger方法,经剑突旁途径穿刺心包留置中心静脉导管,连接引流袋引流心包积液。结果32例都能一次穿刺置管成功,无气胸、出血和心脏误伤等严重并发症。引流1h左右临床症状都明显缓解,心功能改善。置管引流时间3～58d,平均12.3±5.8d。其间有17例经多次心包引流液的病理检查而获病因确诊。结论中心静脉导管留置引流术治疗心包积液可达到一次置管而集急救、诊断、治疗于一体的目的,且具有操作简单,创伤小,导管可较长时间保留等特点。     

中心静脉导管引流治疗肺癌致心包积液

【目的】探讨经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流在治疗肺癌所致心包积液中的应用价值。【方法】总结1999～2003年采用经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流,配合局部心包腔内化疗,治疗肺癌致心包积液24例患者的临床资料。【结果】24例患者均有不同程度心包填塞的临床表现,经心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流后随即明显缓解。经剑突下穿刺中心静脉导管引流者19例次,经心尖部穿刺中心静脉导管引流者7例次。心包腔内导管留置4～14d,中位时间7d。导管脱出心包腔和堵塞各1例。重新予以穿刺中心静脉导管引流。另外还有1例导管堵塞患者因所剩心包积液数量很少,仅予以观察。所有患者无1例出现导管相关心律失常,心包腔内感染等并发症。第一个24h心包积液引流量410-1500mL,平均720mL。治疗效果为CR17例。PR6例,有效率为96％。【结论】肺癌所致心包积液采用经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流,配合局部心包腔内化疗,是安全、简易、有效的治疗方法。     

46例心包积液患者中心静脉导管应用疗效观察

目的探讨微创中心静脉导管心包穿刺置管术治疗心包积液的疗效。方法46例心包积液患者采用微创中心静脉管心包穿刺置管引流术,观察其疗效及不良反应。结果46例心包积液均一次成功置入中心静脉导管。引流时间3～10d,平均5d,引流量300～1600ml,平均800ml。结论心包穿刺留置中心静脉导管引流中量及以上心包积液安全有效,由于该操作简单,取材方便,成功率高,明显减少不良反应,可替代传统穿刺方法,便于推广。     

Seldinger技术指导心包穿刺置管引流治疗急性心肌梗死溶栓并发心包积液

目的评价Seldinger技术指导心包穿刺置管引流治疗急性心肌梗死溶栓并发心包积液的疗效及安全性。方法急性心肌梗死溶栓并发心包积液18例,在床边超声心动图定位指导,采用Seldinger技术,经皮穿刺并内置深静脉留置导管进行心包腔内持续或间断引流心包积液。结果18例患者均1次穿刺并留置导管引流成功．未出现因继发感染、出血、血气胸、严重心律失常、心脏穿破及与心包穿刺置管导致的死亡。留置时间7～21d,平均（9.4±3．7）d;引流量为180～450ml,平均（190±50）ml。结论采用Seldinger技术心包穿刺置管引流治疗急性心肌梗死溶栓并发心包积液,方法简单,安全有效,成功率高,可替代传统穿刺方法。     

中心静脉导管引流治疗肺癌致心包积液

【目的】探讨经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流在治疗肺癌所致心包积液中的应用价值。【方法】总结1999～2003年采用经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流，配合局部心包腔内化疗，治疗肺癌致心包积液24例患的临床资料。【结果】24例患均有不同程度心包填塞的临床表现，经心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流后随即明显缓解。经剑突下穿刺中心静脉导管引流19例次，经心尖部穿刺中心静脉导管引流7例次。心包腔内导管留置4—14d，中位时间7d。导管脱出心包腔和堵塞各1例，重新予以穿刺中心静脉导管引流。另外还有1例导管堵塞患因所剩心包积液数量很少，仅予以观察。所有患无1例出现导管相关心律失常，心包腔内感染等并发症。第一个24hh心包积液引流量410-1500mL，平均720mL。治疗效果为CR17例，PR6例，有效率为96％。【结论】肺癌所致心包积液采用经皮心包穿刺中心静脉导管引流，配合局部心包腔内化疗，是安全、简易、有效的治疗方法。     

心包穿刺留置导管引流心包积液的临床疗效

目的评价心包穿刺留置导管引流治疗心包积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法45例心包积液患者在心尖部、剑突下穿刺心包,置入单腔中心静脉导管,反复抽液或注入治疗药物,观察患者液体的引流及临床情况。结果全部病例均安全置管引流,共引流放液132次,留置时间2～25d,14例病人从导管内注入抗结核和抗癌药物,临床症状明显改善。所有患者术中、术后未发生并发症。结论应用中心静脉导管穿刺心包,多次抽液,不仅减少反复穿刺给病人带来的不利影响,又降低了费用,此导管具有良好的生物相容性,特制的柔性软头对心肌、血管无损伤,经导管引流心包积液是安全、简便、易行的治疗方法。     

应用Seldinger导管法穿刺引流心包积液

目的探讨应用Seldinger导管法经皮心包穿刺引流心包积液的疗效及安全性。方法18例中到大量心包积液患者，在床旁超声定位下，采用Seldillger技术，经皮穿刺心包，腔内留置中心静脉导管接负压瓶引流心包积液。结果18例患者均一次穿刺成功，用时1～5分钟。引流管留置时间1～40天，平均22天。对于结核性或肿瘤性心包积液由导管向心包腔内注入药物，效果良好，无严重的并发症发生。结论应用Seldinger导管法经皮心包穿刺，腔内留置中心静脉导管接负压瓶引流心包积液技术操作方便、安全，引流彻底，疗效可靠，值得基层医院推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.